ObjectiveTo study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Pinellia ternata germplasm resources and provide the basis for germplasm identification, variety breeding, and resource conservation. MethodIn this study, 27 P. ternata were used as experimental materials to determine seven phenotypic characters, such as plant height, leaf length, and leaf width. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) primers were designed based on P. ternata transcriptome data, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed on 27 P. ternata samples. The genetic diversity of P. ternata germplasm was analyzed by POPGENE32, PowerMarker V3.25, and NTSYS-PC 2.10e software. ResultA total of 10 pairs of highly polymorphic primers (PIC>0.5) and four pairs of moderately polymorphic primers (0.25