OBJECTIVE To investigate the resistance status of pathogens from surgical incision infection.METHODS The secretion of infected wounds was cultured to detect pathogens by routine methods from Jan 2001 to Dec 2006.The identifications and antimicrobial-susceptible tests of pathogens causing incision infection were determined by Full Automated Analyzer.All data were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS A total of 246 pathogen strains were cultured from the secretion of surgical incision infection in 6 years,of which Gram-negative bacilli,Gram-positive cocci and fungi accounted for 57.7%,34.1% and 8.2%,respectively.The first place of isolates was Escherichia coli,followed by Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,etc.74.5% of S.aureus isolates and 83.3% of S.epidermidis isolates were resistant to oxacillin.45.1% of E.coli of the isolates and 35.0% of isolates of K.pneumoniae were extended-spectrum ?-lactamases producing.Almost all of the detected resistant strains showed serious multiple resistance.Vancomycin and imipenem still had better activity for antimicrobial multiple resistant bacteria.CONCLUSIONS Surgical incision infection is serious.Infection surveillance should be taken to control surgical infection.Pathogens infected surgical incision are multi-resistant to antibiotics.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in minority areas of Yunnan Province, and to explore the influence of outdoor activities and short-distance use of eyes, so as to provide a basis for early myopia intervention. Methods: In October 2020, the survey was conducted among 1 782 primary and secondary school students in three cities of Yunnan through a multi stage random cluster sampling method. All subjects underwent a questionnaire survey and the visual acuity examination at baseline. The first follow-up was conducted in October 2021 to obtain 1 691 valid samples, and the second follow-up was conducted in May 2023 to obtain 1 367 valid samples. Factors associated with myopia among primary and secondary school students were explored by using generalized estimating equations. Results: The prevalence rates of myopia in 2020, 2021 and 2023 were 52.64%, 61.62% and 69.35%, respectively, showing an increasing trend ( χ 2 trend =91.77, P <0.05). The results of multivariate regression analysis on the generalized estimation equations showed that age at baseline ( OR =1.31), girls ( OR =1.76), Hani ethnicity ( OR =0.75), Bai ethnicity ( OR =0.69), parental myopia ( OR =1.97-2.29), parents often reducing children s exercise time for homework or tutoring ( OR =1.35), less than 1 time or 2-3 times of ball sports per week ( OR =1.27, 1.20 ), reading and writing in the classroom during the break ( OR =1.27), reading in direct sunlight occasionally ( OR =1.20), using only desk lamp for writing at home ( OR =0.71), more than 1 hours of short-distance eye use for a break once ( OR =1.23) were associated with myopia among primary and secondary school students ( P <0.05). Conclusions Outdoor activities and short-distance use of eye among primary and middle school students in minority areas in Yunnan province are suboptimal. Enhancing the related environmental and behavioral factors can effectively mitigate the occurrence and progression of myopia.

Objective: To explore the related factors of myopia among children and adolescents in Yunnan Province, and to predict and evaluate the influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the prevention and control of myopia. Methods: From March 9 to 14, 2023, 848 students from 6 primary and secondary schools in Dali and Lijiang of Yunnan Province were selected by multi stage stratified random cluster sampling method for visual acuity detection and questionnaire survey on myopia related factors. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to establish a Nomogram prediction model for the selected influencing factors. Results: The overall myopia rate of the respondents was 68.3%, the myopia rate of boys (63.4%) was lower than that of girls (72.9%), and the myopia rate of primary school students (46.7%) was lower than that of junior high school students (81.1%), and the difference was statistically significant（ χ 2=8.71, 108.07, P <0.05). Daily eye exercises, activities outside the teaching building during recess, having daily sleep time of 7-9 and >9 h, having both parents without myopia were negatively correlated with the occurrence of myopia in children and adolescents in Yunnan Province ( OR=0.64, 0.63, 0.56, 0.28, 0.48, P < 0.05 ). The reading and writing time after school ≥3 h per day and parents unrestricted time to play video games were positively correlated with myopia ( OR=1.94, 1.78, P <0.05). Based on the influencing factors, a Nomogram prediction model was established to quantitatively evaluate the risk of myopia. The results showed that greater risk for myopia was associated with sleep duration, parental history of myopia, and the time spent reading and writing after school every day. Conclusion Both genetic factors and environmental factors are related to myopia in children and adolescents. The prediction model of nomogram is beneficial for screening high risk factors of myopia and taking corresponding prevention and treatment measures.

Objective: To explore the pattern of change of axial length/curvatrue radius ratio (AL/CR) and associated factors in primary and secondary school students in Yunnan, so as to provide scientific basis and prospective guidance for early myopia intervention and control. Methods: A total of 685 students from grades 2 to 3 and grade 7 in 2 cities/counties in Yunnan Province were selected by multi stage stratified random cluster sampling method in 2020. All the participants were followed up twice with questionnaire of myopia related factors, uncorrected distance visual acuity, and refractive parameter measurement from October,2021 and March,2023,respectivelty. The distribution and change of AL/CR in different classes and groups were analyzed, and the influencing factos of AL/CR cumulative progression were explored using generalized linear model. Results: AL/CR ratio in primary school students was (2.95±0.09) at baseline, increased to (2.99±0.11) at the first follow up and (3.04±0.12) at the second follow up. AL/CR ratio in middle school students(3.08±0.13) at baseline, increased to (3.12±0.15) at the first follow up and (3.15±0.14) at the second follow up. The generalized linear model showed that after controlling for environmental factors, ethnicity ( β =-0.017) , cumulative progression of the SE ( β =-0.027) influenced the changes of AL/CR ratio among the primary school students, whereas the changes of AL/CR ratio were associated with baseline AL ( β =-0.005), baseline corneal curvatrue radius ( β =0.032) and cumulative progression of SE( β =-0.035) among middle school students ( P <0.05). Conclusions The AL/CR ratio of primary and secondary school students in Yunnan can be used to judge different refractive status types, but its variation is not only related to SE progression, but also affected by different ethnic groups and baseline ocular biological parameters. so the value of AL/CR application in assessing the progression of myopia needs to be further confirmed.

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma and to establish a prognostic model for patients with non-metastasis renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after operation.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients with RCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy from January 2008 to December 2012,including 392 males (67.6％) and 188 females (32.4％),with an average age of 56 years(range 24-86 years).The average diameter of tumor was 4.8 cm (range 1.5-17.5 cm).The pathological slides of tumor tissue were reviewed by pathologist,and the tissue microarray (TMA) were constructed.The immunohistochemical staining of TMA were carried out.All patients were followed up the prognosis information of the overall survival (OS),cancer specific survival (CSS) and progression free survival (PFS).Based on these data,univariate and multivariate analysis and survival analysis were performed.Independent prognostic factors related to different follow-up endpoints of patients were screened out.A Nomogram prognostic model for RCC was established and verified.Internal validation were performed by boots value analysis.Results Among 580 cases,160 cases (27.6％) accepted nephron sparing surgery and 420 cases (72.4％) radical nephrectomy,included 514 cases (88.6％) of laparoscopic surgery and 66 cases (11.4％) of open surgery.There were 468 cases of clear cell carcinoma (80.7％),56 cases of papillary carcinoma (9.7％),32 cases of chromophobe cell carcinoma (5.5％),24 patients with other subtypes of cancer cells (4.1％).In pathological staging,stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were 442 cases (76.2％),88 cases (15.2％),48 cases (8.3％),2 cases (0.3％),respectively.There were 424 cases (73.1％) with high expression of CA9,and 156 cases (26.9％) with low expression.The median followup was 66 (4-82) months,and 41 cases (7.1％) were lost of follow-up.For 3 and 5 years,OS,CSS and PFS were 83.4％,88.2％,72.4％ and 69.6％,73.0％,55.8％ respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that tumor pathological subtypes,tumor stage,tumor diameter and positive expression of carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) were independent prognostic factors associated with the survival of RCC patients.The Nomogram prognostic model was established by the above four factors.The established Nomogram prognostic model for RCC patients was verified by Harrell's consistency index,and the c-index of OS,CSS and PFS of RCC patients were 0.72 (95％ CI 0.69-0.75),0.77 (95％ CI 0.74-0.81),0.79 (95％ CI 0.76-0.83),respectively.Conclusions Tumor pathological subtypes,staging,tumor diameter and CA9 are independent risk factors for patients with non metastatic renal cell carcinoma.The established Nomogram prognostic model certified by internal validation should be tested by large samples and multicenter studies need tested.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of stress urinary incontinence after transurethral enucleation of prostate.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 326 patients who underwent transurethral enucleation of prostate at the Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University due to benign prostatic hyperplasia from March 2016 to December 2019. Patients were divided into stress urinary incontinence group ( n=78) and non-stress urinary incontinence group ( n=248) according to whether there was stress urinary incontinence one week after the catheter was removed. Age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, prostate volume, the time of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), total prostate specific antigen, preoperative indwelling catheter status, operation type, operation time, percentage of hemoglobin reduction and catherization time were compared between the two groups. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), and t-test was used for comparison between groups; Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method was used for comparison of count data between groups. Single factor and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen independent predictors. Results:Age [(73.9±7.3) years vs (69.5±7.8) years, P<0.001], body mass index [(25.6±3.0) kg/m 2vs (24.6±2.9) kg/m 2, P=0.004], the time of LUTS [(5.42±5.65) years vs (5.05±5.19) years, P=0.008], and hypertension (57.7% vs 43.6%, P=0.037), prostate volume [(77.1±33.2) mL vs (62.5±30.2) mL, P<0.001], operation time [(115.0±45.7) min vs (99.8±41.4) min, P=0.006] in stress urinary incontinence group were significantly higher than those in the non-stress urinary incontinence group, the differences were statistically significant. Age ( OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07, P<0.001), body mass index ( OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14, P=0.003), LUTS ( OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.14-1.29, P=0.015)and prostate volume ( OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.10-1.11, P=0.011) were independent risk factors for stress urinary incontinence after transurethral enucleation of prostate by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Conclusion:Age≥70years, body mass index≥25 kg/m 2, LUTS during≥5 years and prostate volume≥75 mL are independent risk factors for stress urinary incontinence after transurethral enucleation of prostate.

Objective To assess ocular biometric parameters among primary and secondary school students from Naxi,Bai and Han ethnic groups in Yunnan Province.Methods The school-based study was conducted in October 2020.A total of 724 second-,third-and seventh-graders were selected from Dali and Lijiang,where Bai and Naxi ethnic groups inhabit,using a stratified cluster sampling method to receive questionnaire surveys and eye examinations.Non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent(SE),axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),corneal radius of curvature(CR),central corneal thickness(CCT),white-to-white(WTW)distance,and the AL/CR ratio were measured.Covariance analysis was used to examine the differences in SE and ocular biometric parameters in terms of ethnicity,sex and grade,while Pearson correlation was used to test the associations among the said indicators.Results There were no significant differences in daily outdoor time,screen time and sleep time among the three ethnic groups regardless of grades(all P＞0.05).The mean CCT of Naxi students was lower than that of Han and Bai students[grade 2 and grade 3:(542.48±39.76)μm vs.(553.81±31.83)μm and(559.27±32.79)μm;grade7:(538.86±34.91)μm vs.(547.41±33.55)μm and(548.26± 32.98)μm,all P＜0.05],while no significant differences were found in the other ocular biometric parameters among the three ethnic groups(all P＞0.05).Among the seventh-graders,the SE,AL and AL/CR ratio of Naxi students were signifi-cantly different from those of Han and Bai students(all P＜0.05).The AL,CR,ACD,CCT,WTW distance,and mean SE were lower in girls than in boys(all P＜0.05).Compared with grade 2 and grade 3,students of grade 7 had longer AL,deeper ACD and thinner CCT(all P＜0.05),while no significant differences were found in CR and WTW distance(all P＞0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the AL/CR ratio was highly correlated with SE(r=-0.78,P＜0.05).Conclu-sion Multiethnic primary and secondary school students may face similar environmental risks.Yet,disparities in ocular biometric parameters caused by ethnicity,sex and age should be noted.