Objective: To investigate the role of clinical pharmacist in the treatment of patients with severe infections in urology department.Methods: An objective analysis of the important roles of clinical pharmacists was carried out by making and adjusting the anti-infective treatment plan of two patients in urology department.Results: During the participation in the treatment of two patients with severe infections in urology department, clinical pharmacists played important roles in the treatment of the diseases through observing the clinical symptoms,analyzing the conditions of the patients and giving the pharmaceutical opinions and suggestions, and finally the infections were controlled successfully.Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists should participate in the therapy strategy adjustment in urology department using their professional knowledge to play important roles in the management of anti-infection strategy for severe patients.

There were some samples collected from the Antarctic soil and South Ocean water for isolation of microorganisms and screening of their antitumor bioactivity by lethality bioassay using brine shrimp and a flow cytometric bioassay.There were 259 stains were isolated from the samples,11% of the Antarctic microorganisms showed strong antitumor activity.This result showed that the Antarctic microorganisms have a good potential in bioactive metabolites researching.

Objective To analyze the bibliometry of the literature of acupoint thread-embedding in treating simple obesity, and to provide references for clinic.Method By both computer and manual retrieval, the relevant literatures over the past 30 years were collected from the Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CJFD), Vip database, WanFang database. By using the SPSS 17.0 software for statistical analysis, the distribution (province or city), publication year, and journal of the literatures, supporting fund, sample size, research method, material of the thread, use frequency of the involved acupoints, and the meridians of the selected acupoints were summarized.Result The included eligible 175 articles were distributed over many provinces and cities; the publication amount had been increasing year by year; there was a variety of thread materials; the literature with supporting funds only occupied a small percentage, while the research with a small sample size occupied a comparatively large percentage, and the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) also had a small percentage.Conclusion As a common Chinese external therapy in treating simple obesity, acupoint thread-embedding has been paid more and more attention for its practical value and bright future. However, the relevant governmental department hasn’t paid enough attention to this therapy, and the low clinical research quality also makes it difficult to scientifically evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety. Therefore, more attention is required, RCTs of multicenter and large sample size are expected, and clinical research quality also needs improvement, to provide references for clinic.

The relationship between acupuncture and stress is discussed from three aspects, including is it possible for acupuncture stimulation to be a stressor, whether acupuncture will start stress reaction, and whether acupuncture effects contain some stress factors. It is believed that correct acupuncture manipulation will not cause stress response, however, under some circumstances, such as inaccurate manipulation, improper treatment or patients who are very nervous but do not receive effective intervention, acupuncture is likely to cause stress response. Acupuncture-induced stress response is totally different from acupuncture anti-stress. The possible stress factors in acupuncture effect are explored, which can provide a new angle for the research on action mechanism of acupuncture. From the view of stress to review acupuncture treatment, there are three enlightenments: emphasizing on communication between doctors and patients, avoiding over-pursuit of deqi and focusing on analysis of the body constitution.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; psychology ; Humans ; Qi ; Sensation ; Stress, Physiological

Objective To investigate the relationship between time and mode of delivery and gestational outcomes in uncomplicated twin pregnancies.Methods A total of 347 women with uncomplicated twin pregnancies who gave birth in First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University between November 2012 and June 2015 were reviewed retrospectively,including 291 dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies (DCDA) and 56 monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies (MCDA).The general information,gestational complications,time and mode of delivery,gestational outcomes were recorded and the relationship between time and mode of delivery and gestational outcomes in DCDA and MCDA groups were analyzed.Ttest,Chi-square,Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results (1) The incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes in DCDA group [49.1％ (281/572)] was significantly lower than in MCDA group [75.5％ (83/110)] (x2=25.698,P＜0.05).In DCDA group,women delivered at 36-36+6 weeks,37-37+6 weeks and 38 38+6 weeks had lower rates of admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU),neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and other neonatal diseases than those delivered at ＜34 weeks,34-34+6 weeks and 35-35+6 weeks (all P＜0.05),while those delivered at 38-38+6 weeks had a higher incidence of pathological jaundice (2/8) than at 36-36+6 weeks and 37-37+6 weeks (3.1％ and 1.9％) (x2=10.133 and 13.510,both P＜0.05).In MCDA group,the rate of admission to the NICU decreased gradually from 100.0％ (30/30) (＜35 weeks) to 3/12 (37-37+6 weeks) (P＜0.05).In DCDA group,the odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval(95％CI) of adverse neonatal outcomes in 35-35+6,36-36+6 and 37-37+6 weeks were 0.237(0.116-0.482),0.056(0.029-0.108) and 0.054(0.026-0.112),respectively (all P＜0.05).In MCDA group,OR (95％CI) of adverse neonatal outcomes in 34 34+6 and 35-35+6 weeks were 38.894 (3.084-490.552)and 18.858 (1.538-231.222),respectively (both P＜0.05).(2) With regard to mode of delivery,ten cases of DCDA and two cases of MCDA had vaginal deliveries.In DCDA group who gave birth at less than 34 weeks,the incidence of neonatal pathological jaundice in vaginal delivery group (8/14) was higher than that in cesarean delivery group [22.7％ (15/66)] (x2=5.104,P=0.024).Conclusions The optimal time of delivery for uncomplicated twins is 36-37+6 weeks.The appropriate mode of delivery should be determined by the status of both the mother and the twins.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors of preterm birth, as well as the clinical characteristics in dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twins and monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 290 premature cases out of 363 twin pregnancies who delivered alive babies in the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from September 2012 to March 2015. The selected cases, including 219 cases of DCDA and 71 cases of MCDA,were divided into three groups according to their gestational age at delivery: 28-31+6, 32-33+6 and 34-36+6 weeks. The clinical features, causes and risk factors were described between these three groups. Analysis of variance,Chi-square test and multi-variant Logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe incidence of premature delivery in twin pregnancies was 79.9% (290/363), while this figure was lower in DCDA twins than in MCDA [76.3%(219/287) vs 93.4%(71/76),χ2=10.955,P=0.001]. The three leading causes of preterm birth in DCDA twins were gestational age≥36 weeks (33.8%, 74/219), preterm labor (30.6%, 67/219) and preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) (8.7%, 19/219), while in MCDA twins were preterm labor (31.0%, 22/71), selective intrauterine growth restriction (21.1%, 15/71) and gestational age≥36 weeks (19.7%, 14/71). Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors of preterm birth in twins at 28-31+6 weeks was PPROM (OR=2.390, 95%CI: 1.006-5.872,P=0.043), and for those twins at 32-33+6 weeks, the independent risk factors were MCDA (OR=2.758, 95%CI: 1.243-6.118,P=0.013), preeclampsia (OR=12.176, 95%CI:4.685-31.642,P=0.000), PPROM (OR=5.348, 95%CI: 2.151-13.294,P=0.000) and preterm labor (OR=3.274, 95%CI:1.453-7.375,P=0.004). MCDA (OR=3.666, 95%CI: 1.364-9.585,P=0.010) and preeclampsia (OR=8.086, 95%CI:1.044-62.617,P=0.045) were the risk factors in the group of 34-36+6 weeks.ConclusionsAlthough preterm birth in MCDA and DCDA twins is due to different reasons, the former has a higher incidence than the latter. The risk factors of premature delivery at different gestations are also different.

Objective To investigate the influence of prepubertal exposure to estradiol benzoate (EB)in the male reproductive system of the rats and the natural process of tissue repair,and to clarify the possible mechanism of the reproductive toxicity of exogenous estrogen.Methods Ninety 2 1-day-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (low dose of EB group and high dose of EB group,n=30)and control group (n=30). The rats in the experimental groups were injected with EB dissolved in peanut oil at 15(low dose of EB group)and 15 000μg·kg-1 (high dose of EB group)respectively,the rats in control group received equal vehicle injection only,once every other day for two weeks from postnatal day(PND)21 to 34.All of them were normally fed after the drug usage was stopped.The testes were harvested at the stages of PND 60 and PND 125(n=15 at each stage).The serum levels testosterone of (T),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),prolactin (PRL)and estradiol(E2)of the rats in various groups were detected with radioimmunology method and the weights of the rats in various groups were recorded;the histological changes of the testes tissue were observed with light microscope.Results On PND60,compared with control group,the T levels in low dose of EB group and high dose of EB group were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the FSH,LH and E2 levels were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the PRL levels had no change(P>0.05);the weights of testes were decreased(P<0.01);the histological changes of the testes of the rats in experimental groups included seminiferous tubules maldevelopment, decreased cell number of seminiferous epithelia.Compared with low dose of EB group,the T and FSH levels in high dose of EB group were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),the E2 and LH levels were increased(P<0.01),the PRL level had no change (P>0.05 ), and the weight of testes was decreased (P<0.01 );the diameters of seminiferous tubules were smaller,there was no sperm in high dose of EB group while there were a few sperms in low dose of EB group.On PND125,compared with control group,the T,FSH and PRL levels in low dose of EB group and high dose of EB group were decreased(P<0.01),the E2 levels were increased (P<0.01);the LH level in low dose of EB group was increased(P<0.05),the LH level in high dose of EB group was decreased(P<0.01), and the weights of testes in high dose of EB group were decreased(P<0.01);the diameters of seminiferous tubules and the cell number of seminiferous epithelia were increased but not apparent change.Compared with low dose of EB group,the T,LH levels in high dose of EB group were decreased (P<0.01),the E2 and FSH levels were increased(P<0.01),the PRL level had no change(P>0.05),and the weight of testes was decreased(P<0.01);there was still no sperm in high dose of EB group, the number of sperms was increased in low dose of EB group, but it was still lower than that in control group.Conclusion EB is harmful to the reproductive system and can change the normal serum sex hormone levels,even induces the irreversible injury.

OBJECTIVETo explore the action mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Shenmen" (HT 7) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) on insomnia.

METHODSThirty SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group and an EA group, 10 cases in each group. The insomnia model was made by immobilization method in the model group and EA group. After model establishment, rats in the blank group and model group were treated with fixation and no treatment was given. Rats in the EA group were treated with EA at "Shenmen" (HT 7) and "San-yinjiao" (SP 6) for 15 min, once a day for 4 days. After treatment, the level of daytime and nighttime activity, open-arm entry percentage and open-arm time percentage of elevated plus-maze test were measured; the content of noradrenaline (NE), dopamine (DA) and epinephrine (EPI) in plasma and NE, DA in thalamus and brainstem were detected by using euzymelinked immunosorbent assay method.

RESULTSCompared with the blank group, the daytime activity was increased and nighttime activity was reduced in the model group (both P<0. 05); the open-arm entry percentage and open-arm time percentage of elevated plus-maze test were both reduced in the model group (both P<0. 05); the contents of NE, DA, EPI in the plasma and NE, DA in thalamus and brainstem were increased in the model group (all P<0. 05). Compared with the model group, the daytime activity was reduced and nighttime activity was increased in the EA group (both P<0. 05); the open-arm entry percentage and open-arm time percentage of elevated plus-maze test were both increased in the EA group (both P<0. 05); the contents of NE, DA, EPI in the plasma and NE, DA in thalamus and brainstem were reduced in the EA group (all P< 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture at "Shenmen" (HT 7) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) can restrain the over-activity of the sympathetic-adrenal medullary system to treat the insomnia.

Acupuncture Points ; Adrenal Medulla ; metabolism ; Animals ; Anxiety ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Norepinephrine ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; psychology ; therapy ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiopathology

Objective To evaluate the effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on the expression of phosphorylated glutamate receptor 1 (p-GluR1) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ α (p-CaMK Ⅱ α) under small dose ketamine combined with propofol anesthesia in the depressed rats.Methods Forty healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,aged 2-3 months,were used in this study.Mental depression was induced by exposing the animals to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS).Forty mentally depressed rats were divided randomly into 5 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:M0-4 groups.Propofol 80 mg/kg and ketamine 10 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally in M0-4 groups.After disappearance of righting reflex,M1-4 groups received ECT of 60,120,180 and 240 mC once a day for 7 consecutive days,respectively,by means of a current (frequency 50 Hz,sine-wave,pulse width 0.7 ms,1-s duration) delivered via ear-clip electrodes,while group M0 received ECT of no quantity of electric charge via ear-clip electrodes.Before CUMS,at 1 day after CUMS and at 1 day after ECT,sucrose preference test was applied to evaluate the depressive behavior.The sucrose preference percentage (SPP) was calculated.At 4 days after CUMS and 4 days after ECT,the learning and memory function was assessed using Morris water maze test.The rats were then sacrificed,and hippocampi were isolated to detect the expression of GluR1,p-GluRl,CaMK Ⅱ α and p-CaMK Ⅱ α by Western blot.Results The SPP was significantly lower after CUMS than before CUMS in M0-4 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with that after CUMS,the SPP was significantly increased,the escape latency was shortened,and the space exploration time was prolonged after ECT in M1-4 groups (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in SPP after ECT between M1-4 groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group M0,the SPP was significantly increased,and the expression of pGluR1 and p-CaMK Ⅱ α was up-regulated in M1-4groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group M2,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the space exploration time was shortened,and the expression of pGluR1 and p-CaMK Ⅱ α was down-regulated after ECT in the other groups (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in GluR1 and CaMK Ⅱ α expression after ECT between the five groups (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion ECT can induce cognitive decline when applied for anti-depression under small dose ketamine combined with propofol anesthesia,and the mechanism is related to increased phosphorylation of GluR1 and CaMK Ⅱ α expression in rats.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the nerve growth factor ( NGF ) induced hippocampal neuroregeneration and homeobox gene Lhx 8.Methods Seventy-two SD rats were divided into control group , transected group, NGF group, transected combined with NGF group after right fimbria-fornix transection and NGF intracerebroventricular injection . Real-time PCR and Western blotting were applied to detect the gene and protein expression of Lhx8 in each group.The choline acetyltransferase ( ChAT)/Lhx8 double labeled cells in subgranular zone ( SGZ) of hippocampus in each group were detected by immunofluorescence .Results The expression of Lhx8 gene and protein in the transected , NGF group and especially in the transected combined with NGF group was obviously higher than in the control group .The number of ChAT/Lhx8 double labeled cells in the NGF group and the transected combined with NGF group was obviously more than in the control group and transected group . Conclusion The hippocampal neuroregeneration which induced by NGF intracerebroventricular injection was associated with the higher expression of Lhx8.