Objective To study the expression levels of aerobic glycolytic enzymes in the cerebellums and its correlation with pathogenesis of autism in patients with autism. Methods The Western blotting was used to quantita-tively examine the expression levels of aerobic glycolytic enzymes, including HK-Ⅰ, HK-Ⅱ, PFKP, PKM1/2, PKM2, GAPDH, PDH and LDHA in the cerebellums of eight patients with autism and eight age-matched controls. Results Compared to controls, PDH expression was significantly decreased [(0.715±0.342) vs.(1.028±0.203), P=0.043], while expression of other seven aerobic glycolytic enzymes remained unchanged ( P>0 . 05 ) in the cerebellums of patients with autism. Conclusion The present study has revealed a decrease in the expression of PDH in the cerebellums of patients with autism, which may be involved in the pathologic process of autism.

Objective By discussion on the construction of school-community health education network,we can identify suitable community practice ways of improving students' comprehensive ability,enrich community health teams and meet the health demand of community residents.Methods Take Grade 08 and Grade 09 as the test classes.Two classes were selected from each grade,one class was set as the experimental group,the other was named as the control group.The communication skills,critical thinking skills,teamwork skills and the ability of getting the specific knowledge after the community practice for a year were compared between the two groups in each grade separately.At the same time,we assessed the community residents from the following four aspects,knowing about the health information,residents' health beliefs,their change in attitude,their adoption of healthy behaviors,and compared their knowledge of health information about three diseases.Results The results showed that the four mentioned abilities of the experimental groups were significantly improved.The community residents' health information awareness rate after the health education was significantly different compared with that before.There was no significant difference among three other levels.Conclusions Construction of school-community health education network can improve the students' comprehensive quality,it is beneficial to the survival and the development of health schools,and it can meet the needs of community residents,enrich the community health service team,and can also promote the change of teaching ideas.

Objective Bone morphogenetic protein 4 ( BMP4) induces rat myocardial hypertrophy in H9c2 cells, but the spe-cific mechanism remains unclear .The study aimed to elucidate the role of autophagy in myocardial hypertrophy and its relationship with extracellular signal regulating kinase ( ERK1/2) signal transduction pathway . Methods H9c2 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group, BMP4 group, BMP4+PD98059 (ERK1/2 signal pathway inhibitor) group and BMP4+3MA (autophagy inhibitor) group.With PD98059(50μmol/L) and 3MA(5mmol/L) blocking for 30min, BMP4 (50μg/L) were added.Expressions of tiny tube related proteins 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and p-ERK1/2 were detec-ted after culturing for 30min.48h later, measurements were made on cell surface area , average protein content and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA ) protein expression level .Cell morphology and size were measured respectively by inverted microscope and Image J software .Total protein content was detected by BCA , and western blot was used to measure the expressions of LC3, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and α-SMA. Resul ts 30min later, the expressions of LC3 and p-ERK1/2 were significantly higher in BMP4 group than in control group [(1.54 ±0.05) vs (1.95 ±0.11),(0.94 ±0.04) vs (1.33 ± 0.06),P<0.01] and no significant difference was found in other two groups .Compared with BMP4 group, significant decrease was found in BMP4+PD98059 and BMP4+3MA [(1.95 ±0.11) vs (1.59 ±0.08), (1.36 ±0.02);(1.33 ±0.06) vs (0.87 ±0.05), (0.95 ±0.15), P<0.01], while no significant difference was found between BMP 4+PD98059 group and BMP4+3MA group.48h lat-er, the cell area, protein content and α-SMA protein expression level are significantly lower in control group than in BMP 4 group [(644.1 ±15.01)μm2 vs (745.6 ±14.43)μm2,(240.0 ±7.26)pg/cell vs (347.1 ±5.4)pg/cell,(1.22 ±0.06 vs 1.99 ±0.03),P<0.01], while the corresponding indexes were significantly higher in BMP 4+PD98059 and BMP4+3MA compared with BMP4 group [(745.6 ±14.43)μm2 vs (645.0 ±12.63)μm2, (647.7 ±13.89)μm2;(347.1 ±5.4)pg/cell vs (239.7 ±3.39)pg/cell , (241.1 ± 8.56)pg/cell;(1.99 ±0.03) vs (1.13 ±0.05);(1.12 ±0.02), P<0.01].No significant difference was found as to the indexes be-tween BMP4+PD98059 group and BMP4+3MA group(P>0.05). Conclusion Autophagy may participate in BMP4-induced rat myo-cardial hypertrophy in H9c2 cells through ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway .The clinical treatment of myocardial hypertrophy may benefit from the blocking of autophagy or ERK 1/2 signal transduction pathway .

Objective To explore the value of magnetic resonance perfusion imaging of 3D arterial spin labeling(3D-ASL)in the diagnosis of transient ischemic attack(TIA).Methods 78 of patients were diagnosed TIA on MR routine scan [T1 WI,T2 WI,T2-FLAIR,diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)],magnetic resonance angiography(MRA)and 3D arterial spin labeling(3D-ASL).The re-sult were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results In 78 patients,the abnormal routine scan was 0 case(0%);abnormal MRA 41 cases (52.6%);abnormal 3D-ASL 47 cases(60.2%);combination with each other were 60 cases(76.9%).29 cases with artery stenosis and abnormal ASL,12 case with artery stenosis and normal ASL,19 cases with normal vascular and abnormal ASL,18 cases with normal vascular and normal ASL.Conclusion 3D-ASL is better than routine magnetic resonance sequences in the diagnosis of TIA,which is convenient and should be a routine scanning sequence of TIA.3D-ASL,MRA and DWI have their own advantages and disadvantages, combination use can improve the diagnosis accuracy of TIA.

To ensure the safety of the commercially available chenpi, a convenient and fast analytical method was developed for the determination of 133 pesticide residues in chenpi using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). In this study, different extraction solvents, redissolution solvents and adsorbents were tested according to the recovery and purification effect to obtain a modified QuEChERS method. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile. During the clean-up step, octadecyl-modified silica (C18) and graphitized carbon black (GCB) were selected, and aminopropyl (NH2) was used instead of primary secondary amine (PSA) because of its weaker ion exchange capacity which had little effect on the recovery of ditalimfos. Samples were quantified by matrix-matched calibration with internal stan-dards. All pesticides showed good linearity in the respective range, both with values of r2 >0.99. The average recoveries of the pesticides spiked samples ranged from 70.0％ to 112.2％ with the RSDs of 0.2％–14.4％. The modified QuEChERS method was validated and applied to twenty real samples. Five pesticides were found in eight batches, but no pesticide exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRL, MRL reference to European commission).

Objective To study risk factors for high-normal blood pressure (HNBP) in residents of urban Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 17 500 residents in urban area of Xuzhou from June to December 2008 by cluster sampling with self-designed questionnaire to collect their demographic information and measurements of body height, weight and blood pressure. Data were approached to univariate and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis. Results In total, 17 306 residents finished the survey, with an overall response rate of 98.9percent. Results of univariate analysis revealed that 13 variables such as living region, sex, age,occupation, annual average family income, history of dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol drinking, intake of pork, and vegetables, daily length of sleeping, body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity, all were related to HNBP ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that living region, sex,age, annual average family income, alcohol drinking, intake of vegetable, BMI, abdominal obesity all associated with HNBP (P＜0. 05). Conclusions Older age, history of alcohol drinking, increased BMI,abdominal obesity all are risk factors to prompt occurrence of HNBP, and intake of large amount of vegetables is its protective factor.

Objective To know social and demographic characteristics,behavioral characteristics,as well as knowledge-attitude-belief-practice(KABP) and its influential factors of rural community chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD) patients. Methods Cluster sampling all COPD patients of fangcun and mape township of tongshan county in 2007. A face-to-face interview was performed to investigate the COPD patients in their home,and t test,one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the behavioral characteristics and K.ABE Results The main Patients were old person aged 60-80,with mean of(63 ± 15)years old. The active and passive smoking rate were 49.5% and 35.9%,respectively,and very significance between male and female Patients (X2 = 101. 365,P＜ 0. 05). 62. 9%abstained from smoking mainly owing to having COPD. About 31.9% of the patients had used the firewood and coal to cook for longer than 30 years. 24. 2% often built their body by exercise; however,only 8. 9%participated in convalescence. The mean KABP score of Patients was (38 ± 8). The Patients have lower knowledge to COPD, but give much more concerns to their own diseases. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that the main influential factors of COPD patients KABP were education, family attitude, income,sex and the distance between their homes and health stations. Conclusions Community COPD patients have high smoking rate,long firewood and coal cooking history,so active interventions should be took to those risk factors. KABP level of the COPD patients was not good, more health instructions including prevention,treatment and convalescing of COPD need to be gave to COPD patients.

Objective To evaluate perception and awareness of disease knowledge in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rural area of Xuzhou City. Methods Perception and awareness of COPD, including its nature, control, medication use, impact on their quality of life, experience of its acute exacerbation, and so on, in 392 patients with COPD were evaluated with self-designed ad hoc questionnaire. Proportion and percentage were used in statistical analysis. Results According to the GLOD standards, 58 of 392 patients with COPD could be classified as stage Ⅰ (14. 8%), 164 as stage Ⅱ (41.8%), 103 as stage Ⅲ (26.3%) and 67 as stage Ⅳ (17.1%), respectively. Only 14 patients (3.6%) had heard COPD, but all of them did not know the definition of COPD and its acute exacerbation. Lung function tests and health education had never been performed for all these patients. One hundred and twenty-six patients (32. 1%) did not understand that smoking is a risk factor for COPD, 343 patients (87. 5%) had never heard that COPD could be prevented and controlled. Only 95 patients (24. 2%) did regular physical exercises. Seventy-six patients (19. 4%) in stable stage did not take theophylline regularly, and none of them took inhalers or nebulizer drugs regularly or temporally, or oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation at home. During acute exacerbation, 261 patients (66.6%) could take theophyUine or analogous drugs and antibiotics. One hundred and five patients (26. 8%) were admitted to hospital during the past year due to respiratory symptoms. Physical activities were restrained in 224 patients (57.1%), 91 patients (23. 2%) had a little bit feeling of depression sometimes and social communication was impacted in 232 patients (59. 2%). Conclusions Patients with COPD in rural Xuzhan, Jiangsu province were poor in knowledge of COPD, and their treatment during stable stage and acute exacerbation did not meet the standards. COPD had significant impact on their daily life, and education and management for the patients should be strengthened.

Objective To establish a RP-HPLC method for determining indigo and indirubin in Baphicacanthus cusia from different producing areas and medicinal parts. Methods The separation was achieved by an Agilent TC-C18 Column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) at 25 ℃ using methanol-water (75??25) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL??min-1.The detection wavelength was 290 nm. Results Indigo had a good linear relationship with peak area at range of 0. 051 3-0.820 8 μg (r=0.999 3).The recovery rate was 99.00% and RSD was 1.30% (n=6).Indirubin had a good linear relationship with peak area at range of 0.049 5-0.792 0 μg (r=0.999 9).The recovery rate was 98.88% and RSD was 1.51% (n=6). Conclusion The contents of the two components are obviously different in Baphicacanthus cusia because of different places or medicinal parts. The proposed method is simple, rapid and reliable. This method for determination of indigo and indirubin in Baphicacanthus cusia by RP-HPLC provides a basis for quality control of Baphicacanthus cusia.

Objective To investigate the expressions of fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5)and dihydroli-poamide dehydrogenase(DLD)in skin lesions of symmetrical acrokeratoderma(SAK), and to explore their significance. Methods Biopsy specimens were obtained from skin lesions on the wrists and perilesional skin of 9 patients with SAK, and from normal skin in the wrists of 9 healthy volunteers (control group). Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR)and immunohistochemical staining were performed to measure the expressions of FABP5 and DLD in these specimens. Results RT-PCR showed no significant differences in the mRNA expressions of FABP5 or DLD between lesional, perilesional and normal control skin specimens(both P > 0.05). Immunohistochemically, there was a significant increase in the extent and intensity of staining for FABP5 in SAK lesions. Concretely speaking, FABP5 was strongly expressed in the stratum corneum, granular and spinous layers in SAK lesions, but weakly expressed in the stratum corneum, granular and spinous layers in perilesional skin, and only in spinous and basal layers in normal control skin. The expression of DLD decreased in SAK lesions, and was observed only in the stratum corneum and spinous layer in a few cases of SAK. However, the full-thickness epidermis stained positive for DLD in perilesional skin, with the nuclei and cytoplasm both stained deep brown. Conclusion The overexpression of FABP5 in SAK lesions may participate in dysdifferentiation of keratinocytes, while the down-regulation of DLD expression suggests an imbalance in energy metabolism.