The relationship between acupuncture and stress is discussed from three aspects, including is it possible for acupuncture stimulation to be a stressor, whether acupuncture will start stress reaction, and whether acupuncture effects contain some stress factors. It is believed that correct acupuncture manipulation will not cause stress response, however, under some circumstances, such as inaccurate manipulation, improper treatment or patients who are very nervous but do not receive effective intervention, acupuncture is likely to cause stress response. Acupuncture-induced stress response is totally different from acupuncture anti-stress. The possible stress factors in acupuncture effect are explored, which can provide a new angle for the research on action mechanism of acupuncture. From the view of stress to review acupuncture treatment, there are three enlightenments: emphasizing on communication between doctors and patients, avoiding over-pursuit of deqi and focusing on analysis of the body constitution.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; psychology ; Humans ; Qi ; Sensation ; Stress, Physiological

Objective To investigate the change of cyclin-dependent kinase 5(CDK5)during 1 week after conditioned fear extinction.Methods Forty-two male adult SD rats were randomly divided into native group,extinction control group and 24h extinction group.Extinction retention test and immunohistochemistry of CDK5 of hippocampus were done at 1st,3rd,7th day after fear extinction.The numbers of CDK5 positive cell in hippocam-pus CAI was measured by computer analytic system.Results (1)Extinction retention scores were increasedgradually in extinction group compared with native group(75.60±2.51)%,the scores of extinction control group was decreased at 1st day(15.62±10.28)% and 3th day(20.58±7.79)% after extinction(P＜0.01);24h extinction group(71.04±11.65)% were better than extinction control group(35.48±12.37)at 7th day after extinction(P＜0.01).(2)The number of CDK5 positive cell was increased significantly in 24h extinction group (24.94±5.20;32.25±6.14;33.28±6.56)compared with native group(75.60±2.51;P＜0.01).In 24h extinction group the number was increased significantly at 3rd day(P＜0.01)and 7th day(P＜0.05)compared with extinction control group(25.09±4.83;26.70±4.57),and decreased at 1st day compared to 3rd day(P＜0.05)and 7th day(P＜0.01).Conclusion From 1st to 7th day after extinction,CDK5 may contribute to the retention of fear extinction in hippocampal CA1.

Objective To analyze the bibliometry of the literature of acupoint thread-embedding in treating simple obesity, and to provide references for clinic.Method By both computer and manual retrieval, the relevant literatures over the past 30 years were collected from the Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CJFD), Vip database, WanFang database. By using the SPSS 17.0 software for statistical analysis, the distribution (province or city), publication year, and journal of the literatures, supporting fund, sample size, research method, material of the thread, use frequency of the involved acupoints, and the meridians of the selected acupoints were summarized.Result The included eligible 175 articles were distributed over many provinces and cities; the publication amount had been increasing year by year; there was a variety of thread materials; the literature with supporting funds only occupied a small percentage, while the research with a small sample size occupied a comparatively large percentage, and the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) also had a small percentage.Conclusion As a common Chinese external therapy in treating simple obesity, acupoint thread-embedding has been paid more and more attention for its practical value and bright future. However, the relevant governmental department hasn’t paid enough attention to this therapy, and the low clinical research quality also makes it difficult to scientifically evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety. Therefore, more attention is required, RCTs of multicenter and large sample size are expected, and clinical research quality also needs improvement, to provide references for clinic.

Aim To establish method and main evaluation indexes of collagen induced arthritis ( CIA) model in DBA/1 mice. Methods CIA was induced by chicken type Ⅱcollagen ( C Ⅱ) in DBA/1mice. Arthritis was evaluated by arthritis index. X-ray of the paws was taken. Histology pathology of ankles and spleen was observed and scored. Results Immunization d31,the paws of CIA mice appeared red and swelling,the scores of arthritis index increased,the period of swelling peak was from d40 to d60; immunization d35,the weight of CIA mice began to decrease. X-ray of paws showed that the paw joints of CIA mice deformed,and there was osteophyte formation associated with osteolysis. Histo-logical pathology of ankle joints showed that the synovium of CIA mice were hyperplasia,cartilage was destroyed,pannus was formed,and inflammatory cells infiltrated into synovium. Histological pathology of spleen showed more germinal centers and lymphoid follicular hyperplasia were observed,cell density of lymphatic sheath increased,scores of ankle joints and spleen histological pathology in CIA mice were higher than those in normal mice significantly. Conclusions The methods of CIA model induced by chicken C Ⅱ in DBA /1 mouse were reliable and reproducible. CIA incidence was high. Arthritis index,X-ray of paws,ankle joints and spleen histological pathology and so on were the principal indexes of evaluation for CIA model.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of health financing at the provincial level according to the total health expenditure since China health system reform began in 2009 and provide evidence for improving health fi-nancing policy. Methods:20 provinces were chosen and vertical and horizontal Comparative approach was used to an-alyze the data. Results:Total health expenditure increased for all regions, of which the biggest rate was Anhui prov-ince, about 82. 97%, while the largest increasing for government health care expenditure was Ningxia province, a-bout 108 . 71%. In 2012 , the provinces with social health expenditure share of total above 40% were allocated in the east region, and the number of provinces with out-of pocket payment share of total above 40% reduces to 5. Conclu-sion:Total health expenditure grew in all regions, but there were differences in the degree that this spending matched the economic level;The financing structure was optimized, but the characteristic of regional financing was different. Some provinces were under huge pressure to reduce out-of pocket payments. Suggestions: Under the premise of im-proving the funding level, financing structure adjustment must be focused, and public funding should play a bigger role and out-of pocket payments should be reduced.

Objective To identify the risk factors of Burkholderia cenocepacia associated nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections (NLRTIs),and to investigate the drug resistance of Burkholderia cenocepacia strains.Methods A total of 138 patients with Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs and 40 patients with non-Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs were enrolled in the study.All patients were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University during January 2009 and December 2012.Clinical data and results of drug sensitivity tests were retrospectively reviewed.Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors of Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs.Results Logistic regression analvsis showed that combination use of 2 or more antimicrobial agents,mechanical ventilation,stay in intensive care unit (ICU) for more than two weeks,use of antacid H2 antagonist and deep venous puncture were the independent risk factors of Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs (OR =6.315,5.957,5.254,4.585 and 2.017,P ＜0.05).Burkholderia cenocepacia strains were sensitive to levofloxacin,ceftazidime and sulfamethoxazole; More than 40％ strains were resistant to cefotaxime,ceftriaxone,cefepime,aztreonam and tetracycline; And nearly 100％ strains were resistant to gentamicin,amikacin and tobramycin.Conclusion Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs are more likely to occur in patients with combination use of 2 or more antimicrobial agents,mechanical ventilation,and those who stay in ICU for more than two weeks,or received antacid and deep venous punctures,and most Burkholderia cenocepacia strains are multiple drug resistant.

Objective To observe the effect of nerve growth factor(NGF) on CCL4‐induced hepatic fibrosis in mice .Methods The hepatic fibrosis model was induced by subcutaneous injection of CCL 4 in mice .Thirty female Kunming mice were equally and randomly divided into three groups :fibrosis model group (A) ,NGF intervention group (B) and normal saline control group (C) .At 8 weeks following the initiation of experiment ,the samples were collected to measure ALT ,AST ,TBIL ,ALB by the fully automativ biochemical analyzer ,an the liver fibrosis indices (HA ,LN ,PC Ⅲ ) by radioimmunoassay .The Ishaki scoring system was adopted to assess the severity of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis degree .Results Serum levels of ALT ,AST ,HA and LN in the group A and B were significantly higher than those in the group C (F= 111 .45 ,658 .80 ,157 .43 ,167 .99 ;P< 0 .05) ,the levels of ALT 、AST and LN in the group B were significantly lower than those in the group A (P< 0 .05) .The HE staining ,reticular fiber staining and Masson staining showed that the liver fibrosis degree and the liver tissue inflammation in the group A were most obvious ,the liver tissue inflamation in the group B were significantly alleviated as compared with the group A .No fibrous septum was formed and the fiber tissues were fine and short .No obvious inflammatory cells infiltration and fibers formation were found in the liver tissue of the group C .The scores of liver inflamation grade and fibrosis staging in the group C were higher than those in the group B and C ,moreover the scores of liver inflammation grade and fibsosis had statstical differences among 3 groups (P < 0 .05) .Conclusion NGF can block hepatic fibrosis induced by CCL4 and relieve the liver inflammation .

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of different polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG)oral regimen on cleanliness of bowel preparation.Methods 280 patients received painness colonoscopy examination were randomly divided into A,B and C groups:group A which drank 1 L of PEG solution the day before colonoscopy and the rest 3 L in the morning at the day of colonoscopy;group B drank 2 L of PEG solution the day before colonoscopy and the rest 2 L in the morning at the day of colonoscopy;group C drank 4 L of PEG solution in the morning at the day of colonoscopy.Bowel cleanliness after taking the drug,stool frequency and adverse events before colonoscopy were observed.Results Group A had better bowel preparation compare with group B (P＜0.05),which was similar to that of group C(P＞0.05);But group A had lower incidence of abdominal distension(abdominal pain),nausea(vomiting) than group C(P＜0.05);and group B had worse sleep quality and more defecate frequency than the other two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Drink 1 L of PEG solution the day before colonoscopy and the rest 3 L in the morning at the day of colonoscopy provided a better quality preparation and with less adverse reaction,especially suitable for patients with poor quality of sleep,poor health and severe constipation.

Objective:To detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha in (TNF alpha) breast cacner and its relationship with imaging features.Methods:Using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry to detect the expression of TNF-α in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7.Collect 82 patients with mammary gland disease,which was confirmed by pathological tissue,its pathological data,imaging data,and by immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of TNF-α in breast tissues,and analyze and the relationship between its expression and the pathological features and imaging characteristics.Results:TNF-α high expression in MDA-MB-231,the expression of TNF-oα in malignant breast tumor tissue significantly higher than that in benign tumor,the expression quantity associated with lymph node metastasis,TNM stages,strengthen uniform in MRI,the boundary and the shape of the X-ray Mammography (P=0.01),and color flow signal strength in ultrasound (P＜0.05).Conclusions:TNF alpha in breast tumor tissue was unusually high expression,and is closely related to some of the imaging features of breast tumor.

Objective To explore the value of three-dimensional DSA (3D-DSA) in displaying the location of the origin of uterine artery.Methods A total of 90 female patients underwent uterine artery (UA) embolization were enrolled.The bilateral internal iliac artery catheterization were performed by 3D-DSA,then the images were reconstructed in every 5 degree interval to choose the optimum range of viewing angle.The origination and the degree of the origin artery and UA were calculated.The distance between the origin of UA and superior glutea artery which was identified as the locating point was measured.Results Bilateral and contralateral oblique position of ＞30°-60°were the optimal projection positions of UA.Totally 64.44％ (116/180) of UA originated from the anterior trunk of internal iliac artery,18.33％ (33/180) originated from the inferior gluteal trunk,9.44 ％ (17 / 180) originated from the internal pundenal artery,5.56 ％ (10 / 180) originated from internal iliac artery,and 2.22％ (4/180) originated from the superior gluteal artery;10.56％ (19/180) of the angle of the origin artery and UA were 0-30°,38.89％ (70/180) were ＞30°-60°,41.11％ (74/180) were ＞60°-90°,4.44％ (8/180) were＞90°-120°,2.78％ (5/180) were＞120°-150°,2.22％ (4/180) were＞150°-180°.Distance between the origin of UA and superior gluteal artery was 3.04-18.31 mm,average was (11.71±4.28)mm.Conclusion 3D-DSA can clearly display the origination,viewing angle and the distance away from superior gluteal artery.