To develop a RP-HPLC method for the determination of catechin (C),epicatechin (EC),gallic acid (GA)and procyanidin B2 (PCB2 )in procyanidins and compare the contents of C,EC,GA and PCB2 in procyani-dins purchased from different manufacturers.A RP-HPLC method was developed and the determination was car-ried out on a Hypersil ODS2 column (4.0 mm ×200 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase consisted of methanol and 2% acetic acid with gradient elution and the detection wave-length was at 280 nm.There was a good linear rela-tionship between concentration and the peak area in the range of 0.1-50 μg/mL (r =0.998 6)for catechin,0.1-50 μg/mL (r =0.994 5)for epicatechin,0.05-50 μg/mL (r =0.999 9)for gallic acid and 0.1-50 μg/mL (r =0.992 2)for procyanidin B2 ,respectively.The average recoveries of catechin,epicatechin,gallic acid and PCB2 were 98.36%,98.21%,89.60% and 98.47%,respectively and the RSDs were 1.39%,0.84%,2.12% and 2.46%,respectively.The method is simple,accurate,reproducible and can be used for assay of C,EC,GA,PCB2 in procyanidins.There was a great difference in the content of four substance in procyanidins purchased from dif-ferent manufacturers.

Objective To investigate the correlation between food intolerance and Henoch-Sch(o)nlein purpura (HSP) in children and the efficacy of food forbidden or alternative therapy. Methods The levels of IgG against several common food in serum obtained from 40 children with HSP were measured by ELISA. The efficacy of food forbidden or alternative food therapy was assessed after 3 months. Results Total positive rate of serum food-intolerant IgG antibodies in HSP children was 92.5%. Among these 14 intolerant foods, the positive percentage of egg was the highest (33.8%), followed by tomato (14.9%), milk (13.5%) and morrhua (12.2%). Significant differences of the sort and degree of food intolerance existed among different age groups (t=2.257, P=0.045), but not between boys and girls (t=1.053, P=0.315), city and countryside (t= 1.388, P=0.193). There was no linear correlation between total food intolerance and serum IgG level (t=0.793, P=0.445). Food intolerance had no direct relation to immune complex deposition in kidneys of HSP nephritis (r =-0.262, P =0.387). The efficacy of adjusting diet was 95% . Conclusions HSP is closely related to food intolerance. Egg is the most common intolerant food. Food forbidden or alternative therapy shows acceptable efficacy in the treatment of most Henoch-Sch(o)nlein purpura children.

Objective To prepare imperatorin sustained-release tablets and study their pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in rabbits.Methods Hydroxy-propyl methyl cellulose(HPMC) and carbomer were used to constitute the binary polymer matrix.Orthogonal design was used to optimize the formulation of imperatorin sustained-release tablets.The preliminary pharmacokinetic study in the rabbits was carried out by single-dose crossover design using imperatorin plain tablets as control.An appropriate GC-MS method was developed for measuring the concentration of imperatorin in the blood.Results Optimized formulation contained 1∶20 HPMC K100M and 2∶25 carbomer.Single dose test with 300mg showed that the relative bioavailability of imperatorin sustained-release tablets was(115.37?45.46)%;AUC of the studied tablets and control tablets was(391.08?47.22) and(368.25?136.15)?g/(h?L),tmax(2.26?0.25) and(0.33?0.05)h,Cmax(59.66?6.28) and(295.91?127.00)?g/L,T1/2ke(2.27?0.09) and(0.60?0.10)h,respectively.Conclusion The release behavior of the imperatorin sustained-release tablets prepared with binary polymer system shows evident sustained-release characteristics.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness and safety of low-molecular-weight-heparin(LMWH)calcium and rivar-oxaban in preventing lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the elderly patients after surgery of replacement of frac-ture. METHODS:A total of 58 elderly patients underwent hip or artificial femoral head replacement were randomly divided into LMWH group (29 cases) and Rivaroxaban group (29 cases). All patients received basic prevention and physical prevention for DVT after surgery. Based on this,LMWH group was given Heparin calcium injection 4100 IU subcutaneously 10 h after surgery, for 10 d. Rivaroxabar group was given Rivaroxaban tablet 10 mg 10 h after surgery,once a day,for consecutive 10 d. The occur-rence of DVT and positive D-dimer were observed in 2 groups after surgery. The PT,APTT,TT,FIB and platelet counts abnormal-ity were also observed in 2 groups. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in the incidence of DVT,the occarrence of pos-itive D-dimer,PT,APTT,TT,FIB and platelet counts abnormality 4,10 d after surgery between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:LMWH and rivaroxaban both can be used for lower extremity DVT in the elderly patients after replacement of fracture sur-gery of and have similar therapeutic efficacy and safety.

Objective:To study the application value of WeChat video teaching mode in clinical teaching of digestive endoscopy nurses.Methods:The study selected 126 nursing trainees taking an internship in the Department of Gastroenterology in our hospital from January 2018 to June 2020 as the teaching objects, and they were randomized into two groups, Control Group and Experimental group, with 63 cases in each group. The control group adopted traditional teaching and the experimental group took traditional teaching combined with WeChat video teaching. The internship time of both groups was 4 weeks. The scores of comprehensive ability assessment after practice were compared between the two groups, and the critical thinking ability scale and nursing students' clinical practice satisfaction scale were used to evaluate the critical thinking ability and satisfaction of practice nurses of the two groups before and after teaching. SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis of the research data. Continuous variables were expressed as (mean ± standard deviation), t test was performed, categorical variables were expressed as percentage, four-grid test was conducted, and the test level was α=0.05. Results:The scores of comprehensive ability, theoretical knowledge and operation skills of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). After teaching, the scores of seeking truth, opening mind, systematization ability, analytical ability, curiosity, cognitive maturity and total scale score of the two groups were significantly higher than those before teaching ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the score of thinking self-confidence before and after the teaching ( P>0.05). The scores of seeking truth, opening mind, systematization ability, analytical ability, curiosity, cognitive maturity and total scale score of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the score of thinking self-confidence between the two groups ( P>0.05). The experimental group's practice management, practice environment, teaching content, practice effect score and total scale score were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05), and compared with the control group, the score of teaching quality was poorer, without significant differences ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The application of WeChat video teaching mode in clinical teaching of digestive endoscopy nurses can improve the performance and satisfaction of comprehensive ability assessment of practice nurses, and enhance their ability of critical thinking.

Objective To establish the proper review rules for the microscopic screening of urine analyzed by UF-1000i automatic urinalysis work station (composed of UF-1000i urine flow cytometer and AX-4030 urine dry chemical analyzer).Methods A total of 2 839 random urine samples were collected at Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital from September 2009 to February 2010, and were analyzed using UF-1000i urinalysis work station.The parameters obtained from UF-1000i and AX-4030 included RBC, WBC, CAST and ERY, LEU, PRO.After analysis by urinalysis work station, each urine sample was examined microscopically by two technologists using double-blind method.The average results got from the two technologists were regarded as the judging criterion.Based on the criterion, the review rules for the 2 839 urine samples tested by urinalysis work station were created and adjusted, and the true positive rate, false positive rate, true negative rate, false negative rate and review rate of these review rules were calculated.After that, 299 randomly selected urine samples were tested to validate these review rules.Omission diagnostic rate and review rate were used to assess the clinical practicability of the review rules.Results Thirty seven rules for microscopic review and twenty seven rules without further microscopic examination were set up based on six parameters using UriAccess 3.0 Software.The microscopic examination result was taken as the judging criterion, the consistency rate of these rules was 81.11%(2 311/2 839), the true positive rate was 40.51%(1 150/2 839), the false positive rate was 16.17%(459/2 839), the true negative rate was 41.00%(1 164/2 839), the false negative rate(omission diagnostic rate) was 2.43%(69/2 839) and the review rate was 18.28% (519/2 839).Additional 299 urine samples were assayed using UriAccess3.0 software to further verify these review rules.The consistency rate was 82.27%(246/299), the true positive rate was 36.12%(108/299), the false positive rate was 16.39%(49/299), the true negative rate was 46.15%(138/299), the false negative rate(omission diagnostic rate) was 1.34%(4/299), the review rate was 19.06%(57/299). The 4 false negative samples selected by these review rules did not come from the nephropathy department or the urology department.Microscopic results of RBC and WBC form these 4 samples ranged 3-8 cells/HP. Thus, these review rules could avoid the missed diagnosis of those patients with severe renal dysfunction.Conclusion The review rules established from this study for the UF-1000i urinalysis work station can effectively detect abnormal urine samples and improve the efficiency and the quality of urinalysis in routine clinical practice.

Objective To identify the risk factors of Burkholderia cenocepacia associated nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections (NLRTIs),and to investigate the drug resistance of Burkholderia cenocepacia strains.Methods A total of 138 patients with Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs and 40 patients with non-Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs were enrolled in the study.All patients were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University during January 2009 and December 2012.Clinical data and results of drug sensitivity tests were retrospectively reviewed.Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors of Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs.Results Logistic regression analvsis showed that combination use of 2 or more antimicrobial agents,mechanical ventilation,stay in intensive care unit (ICU) for more than two weeks,use of antacid H2 antagonist and deep venous puncture were the independent risk factors of Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs (OR =6.315,5.957,5.254,4.585 and 2.017,P ＜0.05).Burkholderia cenocepacia strains were sensitive to levofloxacin,ceftazidime and sulfamethoxazole; More than 40％ strains were resistant to cefotaxime,ceftriaxone,cefepime,aztreonam and tetracycline; And nearly 100％ strains were resistant to gentamicin,amikacin and tobramycin.Conclusion Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs are more likely to occur in patients with combination use of 2 or more antimicrobial agents,mechanical ventilation,and those who stay in ICU for more than two weeks,or received antacid and deep venous punctures,and most Burkholderia cenocepacia strains are multiple drug resistant.

Objective To develop TaqMan real-time PCR assay for detection and identification of streptococcus pneumonia iso-lated from children CAP.Methods Based on the sequences of lytA gene,primers and probe were designed and the assay was optimized.Then 1 504 sputum samples were detected by culture and the developed assay with double-blind testing.Results The lower limit of detection in the developed real-time PCR assay was 18.75 cfu/PCR,and had no cross reaction.141 strep-tococcus pneumonia strains were detected from 1 504 samples and 140 were isolated by culture.The whole process just nee-ded 2.5 h.Conclusion The established assay is rapid,simple,high sensitivity and specificity.It is not only valuable for the i-dentification of streptococcus pneumonia,but also provide evidence for antibiotic therapy.

Objective To investigate the efficacy ,safety and compliance of mesalazine sustained‐release (SR) granules taking once daily or multi‐times daily in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis .Methods Sixty patients with mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis were divided into group A ,B and C with 20 patients in each group .Group A received mesalazine SR granules 4 g once daily ,Group B with 2 g each time and twice daily ,Group C with 1 g each time and four times daily . The total course was eight weeks . The vital signs ,Mayo score ,compliance and adverse effects of patients were monitored at 0 ,4th ,8th weeks .At 0 and 8th weeks ,colonoscopy were performed . The parameters of efficacy assessment were clinical complete remission rate , clinical remission rate , efficacy rate ,mucosal healing rate ,remission time and safety .The F test ,t test or Chi‐square test was performed for comparison among groups .Results The clinical complete remission rate of group A ,B and C was 20% (4/20) ,10% (2/20) and 10% (2/20) ,respectively .The clinical complete remission rate was 70% (14/20) ,65% (13/20) and 70% (14/20) ,respectively .The efficacy rate was 95% (19/20) ,85%(17/20) and 90% (18/20) ,respectively .The mucosal healing rate was 70% (14/20) ,60% (12/20) and 50% (10/20) ,respectively .The side effects rate was 20% (4/20) ,15% (3/20) and 20% (4/20) .There was no significant difference between groups (all P > 0 .05) .The remission time of group A and B was (15 .4 ± 3 .7) days and (15 .6 ± 2 .9) days ,which were both shorter than that of group C (18 .4 ± 3 .6) days ,and the differences were statistically significant (t= 2 .661 and 2 .710 ,both P< 0 .05) .There was no significant difference among three groups in gender ,disease course , severity , location and clinical remission rate of sub‐groups .Conclusions The efficacy and safety of mesalazine SR granules taking once daily or multi‐times daily are similar in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis .Once daily have better compliance than other regimens .

Objective To investigate the medication safety and relevant influence factors among the elderly with chronic diseases,to improve the safety of the elderly medication,and provide the theory basis for the rational use of drugs.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted on 452 elderly outpatients with chronic diseases using self-designed questionnaire.Results 21.7％ (98/452) of the elderly took seven or more drugs.The incidence of adverse drug reactions was 38.4％ (174/452).The prevalence in the top three were cardiovascular disease [61.3％ (277/452)],diabetes [53.5％ (242/452)],and lung disease [42.0％ (190/452)].Old people had unsafe medication behaviors including missing medication,stopping medication on their own,increased or reduced dosages of medicine and taking overdue medication,and so on.Logistic regression analysis showed that the main influence factors of medication safety were age,previous occupation,educational level,monthly household income per capita,medication time,the source of drugs and whether received medication safety health education (P＜0.05).Conclusions Relative lack of safety knowledge,wrong cognition and behaviors exist in the elderly.It is worthy of paying attention to adverse drug reactions and hidden dangers of the elderly.