To better evaluate neuromuscular function of patients with stroke related motor dysfunction, we proposed an effective corticomuscular coherence analysis and coherent significant judgment method. Firstly, the related functional frequency bands in the electroencephalogram (EEG) were extracted via wavelet decomposition. Secondly, coherence were analysed between surface electromyography (sEMG) and sub-bands extracted from EEG. Further more, a coherent significant indicator was defined to quantitatively describe the similarity in certain frequency domain and phase lock activity between EEG and sEMG. Through the analysis of corticomuscular coherence during knee flexion-extension of stroke patients and healthy controls, we found that the stroke patients exhibited significantly lower gamma-band corticomuscular coherence in performing the task with their affected leg, and there was no statistically significant difference between their unaffected lag and the healthy controls, but with the rehabilitation training, the bilateral difference of corticomuscular coherence in patients decreased gradually.
Case-Control Studies ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Exercise Therapy ; Humans ; Knee ; physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Stroke Rehabilitation

Objective To develop TaqMan real-time PCR assay for detection and identification of streptococcus pneumonia iso-lated from children CAP.Methods Based on the sequences of lytA gene,primers and probe were designed and the assay was optimized.Then 1 504 sputum samples were detected by culture and the developed assay with double-blind testing.Results The lower limit of detection in the developed real-time PCR assay was 18.75 cfu/PCR,and had no cross reaction.141 strep-tococcus pneumonia strains were detected from 1 504 samples and 140 were isolated by culture.The whole process just nee-ded 2.5 h.Conclusion The established assay is rapid,simple,high sensitivity and specificity.It is not only valuable for the i-dentification of streptococcus pneumonia,but also provide evidence for antibiotic therapy.

Objective To access the diagnostic value of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS version 2)for prostate cancer (PCa) in prostate specific antigen (PSA) grey zone(4-10 ng/mL).Methods Treatment naive PCa and BPH patients with an increase of PSA 4-10 ng/mL from 2200 patients underwent prostate MRI from 2012 to 2016 were included,multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) prior biopsy or prostatectomy and clinical data were obtained,mp-MRI were retrospectively analyzed quantitatively by a radiology expert with 15 years experience in urogenital system imaging diagnosis and a doctor with 5 years experience in radiology diagnosis blind to the pathology results according to PIRADS v2,PIRADS v2 score and lesion zone were recorded respectively,in case of disagreement,dicision was made through discuss.TRUS guided biopsy or prostatectomy pathology serves as gold reference.Diagnostic value of PIRADS v2 for PSA grey zone PCa was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve,logistic regression analysis was used to access the risk factors of PCa.Results 15 PCa and 30 BPH patients were in eluded.There was no significant difference between these two groups in age,tPSA,fPSA,f/tPSA,prostate volume and PSA density.The area under ROC curve of PIRADS v2 in diagnosing PCa was 0.932[95 ％ CI 0.822-0.984],P＜0.01.Using a cutoff PIRADS＞4,the diagnosis sensitivity was 88.89 ％,specificity 87.10 ％,and positive predictive value 80 ％,negative predictive value 93.10％,respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that PIRADS v2 score was an independent risk factor for predicting PCa,with a hazard ratio 17.847[3.745-85.078],P＜0.01.There was a positive correlation between PIRADS v2score and gleason score,r=0.585,P=0.022.Conclusion PIRADS v2 has a significantly high diagnosis value in diagnosing PSA grey zone PCa and a good correlation with pathology results.

Objective To explore the effect of anti-retroviral therapy on interleukin(IL)-7/IL-7R in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infected patients in China.Methods Cases were divided into 2 groups:HIV-infected group (35 cases),and control group (30 cases).IL-7 in serum,IL-7R(CD127) expression in CD4 +T cells,and CD4 +T cells count were detected and compared between two groups before and after treatment for 1 year.Results IL-7 level in the serum of HIV infected group before treatment [(8.98 ±3.77) pg/ml] was significantly higher than that in control group [(3.84 ±0.86) pg/ml] (P ＜0.05).The counts of CD4+T cells [(202.65 ± 121.54)/μl],CD4 + CD127 + T cells [(60.25 ± 11.75) ％],and CD8 + CD127 + T cells [(46.27 ± 12.10)％] in HIV-infected group were significantly lower than those in control group [(766.99 ± 103.21)/L,(76.89 ± 20.01) ％,(81.27 ± 12.35)％] (P ＜0.05).After anti-retroviral therapy (ART),IL-7 level in the serum of HIV-infected group[(5.55 ± 1.35) pg/ml]was decreased,and CD4+T cells [(450.58 ± 15)/μl],CD4 + CD127 +T cells [(69.82 ± 15.24)％],and [CD8 + CD127 + T(59.23± 14.73) ％] cells was increased in HIV-infected group,with a significant difference between two groups (P ＜0.05).Conclusions ART could improve the IL-7 level in the serum and IL-7R(CD127)expression in CD4 +T cells of HIV-infected patients.However,they still cannot become normal level.

Objective To compare the predicted efficiency ofmacular hole closure index (MHCI) calculated by 2 different methods for postoperative anatomical outcomes after idiopathic macular hole (MH) surgery.Methods This is a prospective exploratory clinical study.A total of 63 patients (63 eyes) with idiopathic MH,who received vitrectomy,inner limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade,were enrolled in this study.All the patients received optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination at each visit to measure the MHCI using the formula MHCI=(M+N) /BASE,M and N is the distance from outer limiting membrane break points to the beginning points of detached photoreceptor from retinal pigment epithelium of both side of the hole,respectively.BASE is the length of MH base.MHCI1 was measured by built-in caliper of OCT software,MHCI2 was measured by ImageJ software.The minimum macular diameter (MHD) was measured by built-in caliper of OCT software.Based on the OCT images,the anatomical outcomes were classified grade A (bridge-like shape closure),grade B (complete closure) and grade C (poor closure).Grade A and B are considered as good closure,grade C as poor closure.Patients were followed up at 3,6 and 12 months after surgery.The closure grades at last visit were the final outcome.The relationship between MHCI 1,MHCI2 and closure grades was analyzed.And the predicted efficiency of MHD,MHCI1 and MHCI2 for anatomical outcomes after the surgery was studied.Results The mean MHCI1 was 0.68±0.21 (0.30-1.35),MHCI2 was 0.95±0.26 (0.41-1.55),and MHD was (476.24±210.18) μm (127-956 μm).MHCI1 and MHCI2 were both negative correlated with the closure grades (r=-0.665,-0.691;P＜0.001).The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis ofMHCI1,MHCI2 and MHD for the prediction of good or poor closure showed that area under the curve (AUC) was 0.928,0.957 and 0.916 respectively,and 0.505,0.67 and 559 μm were set as the lower cut-offvalue.The sensitivity was 96.2％,92.3％ and 90.9％ respectively,and specificity was 81.8％,72.7％ and 76.9％ respectively.Accordingly,the ROC curve analysis for the prediction of grade A or B closure showed that AUC was 0.840,0.847 and 0.653 respectively,and 0.705,0.965 and 364 μm were set as the upper cut-off value.The sensitivity was 80.0％,82.9％,63.4％ respectively and specificity was 75.0％,85.7％,65.9％.Conclusion MHCI1 and MHCI2,measured by built-in caliper of OCT software or ImageJ software,both have good predictive efficiency for the anatomical outcomes of MH surgery.

Objective To analyze the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) co-infection.Methods A retrospective study was conducted with the clinical data of patients diagnosed with AIDS and TB in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center during the period from 2011 to 2015.The outcome of the patients were evaluated by outpatient and telephone follow-up.The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis using SPSS 22.0 software package.Results A total of 359 patients with AIDS/TB co-infection were included in this analysis,including 325 males and 34 females,the highest proportion in 30-44 age group.The diagnosis was delayed in about 42.6％ of the patients.The clinical symptoms were mainly fever,cough and weight loss,but hemoptysis uncommon.Both lungs were affected in most cases,with lesions in at least 3 lung fields,but rare pulmonary cavity.T-SPOT.TB test showed lower positive rate.CD4+T lymphocyte count was 50 cells/μL or less in 50.7％ of the patients at their first test.About 43.5％ of the 69 patients with antimicrobial susceptibility data showed resistance to therapy.Majority (93.2％) of the patients with known viral status received antiretroviral treatment.Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis was identified in 282 cases.The complication and opportunistic infection included central nervous system infection,syphilis,hepatitis B virus infection,hepatitis C virus infection,pulmonary infection,and drug-induced liver injury.Of the 333 patients with known outcome,53 died,most (79.2％,42/53) within 6 months.Conclusions The patients with AIDS/TB co-infection showed higher proportion of young people.The CT finding was atypical.The patients showed lower positive rate for T-SPOT TB test and lower CD4+T lymphocyte count at their first test.Most patients had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and other complications or opportunistic infections.

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the image quality of readout-segmented EPI (RS-EPI) and that of standard single-shot echo-planar imaging (SS-EPI) in patients with scrotal diseases. Methods Initial diagnosis of scrotal diseases were included in the prospective study, all patients underwent scrotum routine MRI and RS-EPI, SS-EPI sequence at 3.0 T. A total of 38 patients were recruited qualitative assessment ,and 29 patients proved by operation and pathology (malignant 21 cases and benign 8 cases) were included quantitative analysis.For qualitative comparison of image quality, two readers independently assessed the two sets of DWI, which consisted of identification of structure and geometric distortion of scrotum (epididymis,testes, lesion) using a 5-point Likert scale. For assessment of image parameters, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR),apparent diffusion coefficient value of normal testis and testis distortion ratio of anatomical(T2WI)/DWI fusion image were calculated. Inter-observer agreement was assessed with the Kappa statistics, the differences of scores of
RS-EPI and SS-EPI were compared by using Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and image parameters were compared by using paired sample t test. Results There was good reader agreement in the scores, the Kappa value were 0.77, 0.74, 0.80, 0.87. The difference of identification of structure and geometric distortion on RS-EPI and SS-EPI had statistic significance, the RS-EPI was superior to SS-EPI in image quality (all P<0.05).The SNR, contrast of benign lesion for two sequences had no statistic significance(P values were 0.352, 0.124, respectively), but the difference of CNR had statistic significance(P<0.05). The SNR,contrast and CNR of malignant lesion for two sequences had statistic significance (all P<0.05). The mean size of the testis was (35.61 ± 9.78)mm, the mean distance in fusion image of RS-EPI or SS-EPI with T2WI were (3.80 ± 1.32)mm and (7.54 ± 2.62)mm, and the mean distortion ratios of the two set were (11.1 ± 0.6)% and (22.4 ± 19.2)%, respectively, the difference of two sets had statistic significance(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the ADC obtained by using either DWI method(t=0.396,P=0.796), the mean ADC values of normal testes for RS-EPI and SS-EPI, respectively, were (1.18 ± 0.06) × 10-3mm2/s, (1.24 ± 0.11) × 10-3mm2/s.Conclusion RS-EPI DWI images is a feasible technique in the scrotum for producing high-resolution DWI with reduced geometric distortion and offers potentially superior image quality compared to SS-EPI at 3.0 T.

Objective To investigate the potential role of CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16)/CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) pathway in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods 8?week old male db/db mice were randomly divided into DN group and DN inflamed group. 10% casein was subcutaneously injected to induce the DN mouse model with inflammation. In vitro, HK?2 cells were treated with high glucose (HG), and IL?1β+HG to investigate the effect of inflammatory stress on HK?2 cells. Further knockdown CXCL16 was mediated by RNA interference to determine the effects of CXCl16, then cells were divided into HG+IL?1βgroup, HG+IL?1β + siCXCL16 group and HG + IL?1β + vehicle group. Changes of renal function in mice were assessed by 24 h proteinuria and N?acetyl?β?D?glucosaminidase (NAG) during 8 weeks. The ultra?microstructure was checked by electron microscopy at 8th week. Lipid accumulation in kidneys and HK?2 were observed by Filipin staining and quantitative assay of intracellular free cholesterol. The protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase?10 (ADAM10), fibronectin and α smooth muscle actin (α?SMA) in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The mRNA and protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin andα?SMA in HK?2 cells were detected by real?time PCR and Western blotting, and protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6 and ADAM10 in HK?2 cells were also tested by cell immunofluorescence. Results Mice in DN inflamed group had higher 24 h proteinuria and NAG than those in DN group, and the differences between two groups shown statistical significance at 8th week (all P<0.05). Compared with DN mice, DN inflamed mice had more vacuoles within renal tubular cells, with mitochondrial swelling, deformation and decrease. Lipid accumulation and protein expressions of fibronectin and α?SMA were increased in DN inflamed group when compared with DN group (all P<0.05). Further, the expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10 were significantly increased in DN inflamed group (all P<0.05). In vitro, the mRNA and protein expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin and α?SMA, and lipid accumulation were increased in high glucose plus IL?1βgroup when compared with high glucose group (all P<0.05). However, after siRNA of CXCL16 transfection, the mRNA and protein expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin andα?SMA were down?regulated in HG+IL?1β+siCXCL16 group as compared with high glucose+IL?1βgroup (all P<0.05). Furthermore, lipid accumulation was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Inflammation accelerates tubulointerstitial injury in DN partly through the activation of CXCL16 pathway, which may facilitate the lipid accumulation in tubular epithelial cells.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references and suggestions for expiration date management of dismounted drugs in China.METHODS:The main contents about compliance policy for expiration date of repackaged drugs in America were summarized.The current situation and problems of expiration date management of dismounted drugs in China were analyzed to provide suggestions for standardizing expiration date management of dismounted drugs in China.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The compliance policy for expiration date of repackaged drugs in America contain determination principle of expiration date of repackaged drugs,repackaged container standard,etc.In contrast,the expiration date management of dismounted drugs in China is lack of specific standards and requirements;major issues are as follows as the concept of expiration date of dismounted drugs is ambiguous and container management is not standardized.It is suggested that relevant departments can refer to compliance policy for expiration date of repackaged drugs in America,define the method of determining the expiration date of the dismounted drugs,and standardize the standards and management of packaging containers so as to standardize expiration date management of dismounted drugs in China practically.

Objective To reveal the mechanisms of immunological infertility,the method of coimmunoprecipitation(CO-IP) and liquid chromatogram mass/mass (LC-MS/MS) was used to screen sperm membrane proteins which interacting with antisperm antibodies (ASA).Methods This study was designed as a case-control.The disease group including 56 serum samples from 521 cryptogenic infertile patients were screened ASA positive by ELISA and conformed with mixed antiglobulin reaction(MAR).The controls were 31 serum samples which ASA is negative and already possessed healthy offspring.All subjects were enrolled from September 2015 to December 2015 in China PLA General Hospital.Spermatozoa samples from 48donors with normal sperm parameters were from January 2016 to April 2016 in China PLA General Hospital.The purified human sperm membrane proteins were then mixed with serum from disease group (positive for ASA) and control group (not containing ASA).The binding proteins of antisperm antibodies were enriched using CO-IP assay.The immunoprecipitates were separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyactylamide gel (SDS-PAGE),then the binding proteins were cut from the gel and analyzed by LC-MS/MS after the enzymolysis.These proteins could bc idcntified as definition,biological function (s) and subccllular localization with Uniprot database.Results The serum samples from infertile persons (39 females and 17males) were screened ASA positive by ELISA and conformed with MAR.The healthy controls (17 females and 14 males) were ASA-negative in ELISA.Forty proteins that interact with ASA were obtained from the study and these could be divided into three groups:11 antigens detected by control serum samples only,14antigens recognised by both infertile patients and control sera,and 15 antigens specific for patients with ASA.These 15 proteins are Sperm Cation channcl protein 1,Sperm Cation channel protein 3,Sperm Cation channel protein 4,Sperm associated antigen 9,Apolipoprotein A-I,Dynein heavy chain 14,Cylicin-2,Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 4,Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 2,IQ domain-containing protein H,IQ domain-containing protein F1,Spermatogenesis-associated protein 5,Spermatogenesis-associated protein 5-like protein 1,Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1,E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF 114.Conclusion Fifteen proteins discovered with CO-IP technology and LC-MS/MS analysis could be referred as male immunoinfertility-related antigens and they may hold the great importance in revealing the secret of immunological infertility.