Objective To study the anti-aging effect of total saponins of Polygala tenuifolia (PTS). Methods The effects of total saponins of Polygala tenuifolia on oxygen free radicals were investigated by the methods of scavenging hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and DPPH oxygen free radicals in vitro. The photoaging model of mice skin was established to observe the effect of total saponins of Polygala tenuifolia on mouse skin pathology. Results In the experiment of antioxidation in vitro, the total saponins of Polygala tenuiflora significantly scavenged hydroxyl free radicals (P<0.05, P<0.001) and superoxide radical (P<0.01) at 6.0 and 12.0mg/mL, DPPH free radicals (P<0.001). In the light aging experiment, the light aging model of mice skin was established successfully in group B (model + medium tea oil). Compared with group B, the density of the skin epidermis in D group (30 min before irradiation, 6mg/mL PTS) was thickened, the elastic fibers were arranged uniformly and tightly, the collagen fibers proliferated significantly and densely, and the inflammatory cells infiltration was not found. The treatment effect was most remarkable in group G (30min after irradiation, PTS 12mg/mL PTS), and the skin of the mice was thickened, the elastic fibers were evenly arranged, the collagen fibers had some hyperplasia, evenly distributed, and there was no infiltration of inflammatory cells, which had significant therapeutic effect. Conclusion The total saponins of Polygala tenuifoliahas significant antioxidant activity and anti - light aging effect.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory response and the changes of serum inflamma-tory mediator caused by cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)in cardiac valve replacement surgery.Methods 30 patients scheduled for cardiac valve replacement were randomly divided into two groups:experimental group(n=15)and control group(n=15).For the experimental group,dexmedetomidine was infused intravenously with the dose of 2.0μg·kg-1 ·h-1 after induction of anesthesia. In control group,normal saline was given instead of dexmedetomidine.Blood samples were taken from radial artery in each of the following five time points:after induction of anesthesia(T1 ),the beginning of CPB(T2 ),after beginning of CPB 40 min(T3 ),after the termination of CPB 2 h(T4 )and 24 h(T5 )for determination of TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10.Results The concentration of TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10 levels showed no significantly difference between the two groups before CPB(P>0.05).But serum TNF-α、IL-6 levels of ex-perimental group were significantly lower and IL-10 were significantly higher than control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01)at the time points of T3~T5 .All biomakers rose significantly at the time of T3 and T4 in both groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).At the time of T5 IL-6、IL-10 returned to preoperative levels(P>0.05)while TNF-αremained heigh level(P<0.05 or P<0.01)in both groups. Conclusion dexmedetomidine can regulate the release of the serum inflammatory mediator which suggest that dexmedetomidine may alleviate the systemic inflammatory reaction resulting from cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac valve replacement surgery.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Tiaozhi Decoction for the treatment of coronary heart disease induced stable angina complicated with hyperlipemia, and to observe its effect on serum inflammatory factors. Results One hundred qualified patients were evenly randomized into treatment group and control group. Both groups were given conventional western medical treatment with reference to Guide for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Stable Angina, and additionally, the control group was given oral use of Simvastatin and the treatment group was given Tiaozhi Decoction orally. The treatment of the two groups covered 8 weeks. Before and after treatment, blood lipid levels of total cholesterol ( TC) , triglyceride ( TG) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) , high- density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C) , apolipoprotein A (ApoA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were observed. The frequency of angina pectoris attack and the dosage of Nitroglycerin Tablets per week in both groups were recorded during the treatment. Therapeutic effect on lowering blood lipid and on improving electrocardiogram was evaluated after treatment. Serum levels of hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), homocysteic acid (Hcy), adiponectin (APN), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were detected before and after treatment. Results(1) The results of Ridit analysis showed that the treatment group had better therapeutic effect on lowering blood lipid and on improving electrocardiogram than the control group ( P<0.05) . ( 2) After treatment, TG, HDL-C, ApoB and ApoA levels were much improved in the treatment group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01) . ( 3) The frequency of angina pectoris attack and the dosage of Nitroglycerin Tablets per week were reduced in the treatment group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01) . (4) After treatment, the treatment group had lower hs-CRP, IL-6, Hcy and ox-LDL levels, and higher APN level than the control group (P<0.01) . Conclusion Tiaozhi Decoction is effective for the treatment of coronary heart disease induced stable angina complicated with hyperlipemia through improving lipid metabolism and reducing angina pectoris attack, and the mechanism may be related with the regulation of inflammatory factors.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral ginkgo biloba extract EGB761 in patients with mild cognitive impairment.Methods They searched PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library ,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases for randomly controlled trials of oral ginkgo biloba extract for mild cognitive impairment.After assessed the quality of studies included,RevMan5.2 software was used to analyze data.Results Seven studies which including 815 patients were involved by our inclusion criteria.The results of meta-analysis showed,compared with the control group,ginkgo biloba was superior in improving mild cognitive impairment patients' MMSE level[MD=1.81,95%CI(0.02,3.60),P=0.05;MD=1.96,95%CI(1.48,2.43),P<0.000 01;MD=1.79,95%CI(0.99,2.58),P<0.000 1] after treated three months、six months and twelve months.Ginkgo biloba was also superior in improving mild cognitive impaimant patients.CDT level[MD=0.43,95%CI(0.30,0.57),P<0.000 01;MD=0.57,95%CI(0.39,0.75),P<0.000 01] after treated six months and twelve months.The effect of preventing MCI patients into dementia was better than that of the control group[RR=0.27,95%CI(0.06,1.27),P=0.10;RR=0.32,95%CI(0.16,0.63),P=0.001]after treated six months and twelve months.Conclusion Oral preparation of ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of MCI clinical efficacy and prevention of dementia occurrence rate was better than that of blank control group.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high field MR-guided percutaneous precise puncture aspiration in treatment of multilocular brain abscess. Methods: Clinical data of 9 patients with multilocular brain abscess treated with high field 1.0T MR-guided percutaneous precise puncture aspiration were retrospectively analyzed. The operation time, complication and follow-up results were recorded. Results: Nine patients with multilocular brain abscess underwent 25 times of high field MR-guided puncture and aspiration therapy, among them 2 patients underwent 2 times and 7 cases underwent 3 times aspiration, and the technique success rate 100% (25/25). The operation time was 40-100 min, with an average of 75 min. All sucked pus was cultured with bacteria, and positive results were obtained in 8 patients. A small amount of subdural hemorrhage occurred in 1 patient, but no serious complication occurred. The symptoms were significantly improved in 9 patients during 6 months' postoperative follow-up, while imaging follow-up results showed subsided or granuloma formed in abscess cavities of all 9 cases, with an effective rate of 100% (25/25). Conclusion: High field open MR-guided percutaneous precise puncture aspiration is safe and effective for treatment of multilocular brain abscess.

Objective To study the value of transfer constant(Ktrans)derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for quantitative evaluation of Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) in glioma. Methods Twenty patients with glioma who underwent DCE-MRI and operation were retrospectively reviewed. The Ktrans value and Ki-67 LI were acquired and correlated using the Spearman correlation test. Also, the Ktrans values were compared between high(larger than 10%)and low(no more than 10%)Ki-67 LI group with Mann-Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic curves was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value. Results The Ktrans value(0.0165 to 0.8048, median 0.1252)was significantly associated with Ki-67 LI(5%to 50%, median 20%) (r=0.721,P<0.001), and the Ktrans value was significantly higher in high Ki-67 group(0.0810 to 0.8048, median 0.1810)than that in low Ki-67 LI group(0.0165 to 0.1456, median 0.0697)(Z=-3.209, P=0.001). The most predictive Ktrans value differentiated high Ki-67 LI and low Ki-67 LI with an area under the curve(AUC) of 0.945 at a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 85.7%. Conclusion Ktrans value could be used for quantitative evaluation of Ki-67 LI in glioma.

Objective To investigate the change of cyclin-dependent kinase 5(CDK5)during 1 week after conditioned fear extinction.Methods Forty-two male adult SD rats were randomly divided into native group,extinction control group and 24h extinction group.Extinction retention test and immunohistochemistry of CDK5 of hippocampus were done at 1st,3rd,7th day after fear extinction.The numbers of CDK5 positive cell in hippocam-pus CAI was measured by computer analytic system.Results (1)Extinction retention scores were increasedgradually in extinction group compared with native group(75.60±2.51)%,the scores of extinction control group was decreased at 1st day(15.62±10.28)% and 3th day(20.58±7.79)% after extinction(P＜0.01);24h extinction group(71.04±11.65)% were better than extinction control group(35.48±12.37)at 7th day after extinction(P＜0.01).(2)The number of CDK5 positive cell was increased significantly in 24h extinction group (24.94±5.20;32.25±6.14;33.28±6.56)compared with native group(75.60±2.51;P＜0.01).In 24h extinction group the number was increased significantly at 3rd day(P＜0.01)and 7th day(P＜0.05)compared with extinction control group(25.09±4.83;26.70±4.57),and decreased at 1st day compared to 3rd day(P＜0.05)and 7th day(P＜0.01).Conclusion From 1st to 7th day after extinction,CDK5 may contribute to the retention of fear extinction in hippocampal CA1.

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the application effect of de-escalation thinking in first aid nursing of craniocerebral injury complicated with cervical spine injury.Methods 23 cases of craniocerebral injury and cervical spine injury patients received first aid rescue in emergency department of our hospital during the period from September 2012 to August 2014 were set as the observation group,and the de-escalation thinking way was used during rescue process.19 cases of craniocerebral injury and cervical spine injury patients during the period from September 2010 to August 2012 were set as the control group,traditional way of clinical experience thinking way was used.The early warning time,emergency treatment time and missed diagnosis cases were compared between the two groups.Results The early warning time of diagnosed as traumatic brain injury complicated with cervical spine injury (t=18.035) and emergency treatment time (t=7.650) in the observation group were shorter than those of the control group,the difference was significant.The missed diagnosis rate of the observation group [4.35％(1/23)] was significantly lower than that of the control group (9/19),the difference was significant (x2=8.38).Conclusions Application of de-escalation thinking mode in rescue by emergency nurses can shorten the early warning and emergency treatment time,decrease the missed diagnosis rate and improve the timeliness of the rescue for craniocerebral injury complicated with cervical spine injury.

Objective To study the mechanism of tear trough deformity and palabromalar groove deformity.Methods Four old cadavers (2 male,2 female,an average age of 67.2 years) with obvious tear trough deformity and palpbromalar groove deformity and 4 young cadavers (2 male,2 female,an average age of 23.5 years) without tear trough deformity and palpbromalar groove deformity were selected and dissected and histological observation were performed on lower eyelid and periorbital region.Results Compared to young specimens,the skin and orbicularis oculi muscle of old specimens were atrophy and relaxed.Tear trough deformity and palabromalar groove deformity overlaid the junction of thinner eyelid skin and thicker cheek skin.The superior border of the malar fat pad covered the junction of the palpebral and orbital portions of the orbicularis muscle,and correlated with the tear trough and palpbromalar groove,but the superior border of the malar fat pad in young cadavers was found above the tear trough and palpbromalar groove line.The orbicularis retaining ligament arose from the orbital rim and caudal to the junction of the palpebral and orbital portions of the orbicularis muscle,and it was relaxed in old group than that in young group.Conclusions Tear trough deformity and palabromalar groove deformity result from combination of age-related relaxation,atrophy and descent of layers of tissues.The orbital septal and the orbicularis retaining ligament prevent tissues from descending,which makes tear trough deformity and palabromalar groove deformity more visible.

Objective To discuss the demands of replacement care service for family caregivers of the aged in Zhengzhou City,so as to provide the reference for replacement care service of the aged.Methods A total of 145 family caregivers of the aged were collected in Zhengzhou city and were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire.Results In the 145 questionnaires,106 were valid.81 (76.4％) of them expressed needing to be replaced in the process of care,and 68 (64.1％) were willing to accept replacement care service.Order of demands of replacement service content was daily life nursing (77,72.6％),disease (66,62.3％) and psychological care (60,56.6％),etc.Influencing factors of selecting replacement care service for family caregivers included quality of service (63,59.4％),service price (38,35.8％) and professional skill (37,34.9％).The degree of demand of different ages,different careers,as well as different duration of daily care of family caregivers was statistically significant for replacement care service.Conclusions The degree of demand of family caregivers of the aged for replacement care service was higher.The government needs to establish replacement care service mechanism which is suitable for China's national conditions through policy guidance and support.