Objective To study the expression levels of aerobic glycolytic enzymes in the cerebellums and its correlation with pathogenesis of autism in patients with autism. Methods The Western blotting was used to quantita-tively examine the expression levels of aerobic glycolytic enzymes, including HK-Ⅰ, HK-Ⅱ, PFKP, PKM1/2, PKM2, GAPDH, PDH and LDHA in the cerebellums of eight patients with autism and eight age-matched controls. Results Compared to controls, PDH expression was significantly decreased [(0.715±0.342) vs.(1.028±0.203), P=0.043], while expression of other seven aerobic glycolytic enzymes remained unchanged ( P>0 . 05 ) in the cerebellums of patients with autism. Conclusion The present study has revealed a decrease in the expression of PDH in the cerebellums of patients with autism, which may be involved in the pathologic process of autism.

The relationship between acupuncture and stress is discussed from three aspects, including is it possible for acupuncture stimulation to be a stressor, whether acupuncture will start stress reaction, and whether acupuncture effects contain some stress factors. It is believed that correct acupuncture manipulation will not cause stress response, however, under some circumstances, such as inaccurate manipulation, improper treatment or patients who are very nervous but do not receive effective intervention, acupuncture is likely to cause stress response. Acupuncture-induced stress response is totally different from acupuncture anti-stress. The possible stress factors in acupuncture effect are explored, which can provide a new angle for the research on action mechanism of acupuncture. From the view of stress to review acupuncture treatment, there are three enlightenments: emphasizing on communication between doctors and patients, avoiding over-pursuit of deqi and focusing on analysis of the body constitution.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; psychology ; Humans ; Qi ; Sensation ; Stress, Physiological

Objective We investigated interleukin (IL)-23 that might play a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and whether it was correlated with disease activity and clinical manifestations in axial spondyloarthritis (SPA).In addition, the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) scores was used to examine whether recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α receptor Ⅱ IgG Fc fusion protein for injection (rhTNFR:Fc) was effective for the reduction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-proven sacroiliac joint (SIJ) inflammation.Methods The serum IL-23 levels of etanercept and conven-tional treatment groups were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.At the same time, SIJ MRI SPARCC score levels were assessed by MRI, the change of clinical indicators of patients was observed.ANOVA, repeated measure data of ANOVA and Spearman's correlation analysis were used for statisical analysis.Results ① The basal serum IL-23 levels of the Etanercept group were (34.2±1.8) pg/ml and those of the conventional treatment group were (34.1 ±1.8) pg/ml (F=1 073.790, P=0.991), both were significantly higher than the healthy control group (18.1±0.8) pg/ml (P=0.005).After treatment, serum IL-23 levels of the rhTNFR: Fc treatment and conventional treatment group were (24.5 ±1.7) pg/ml and (25.2±1.7) pg/ml (F=232.488, P=0.242), (19.2±0.8) pg/ml and (21.6±1.3) pg/ml (F=114.135, P=0.025), (19.0±0.8) pg/ml and(19.4± 0.8) pg/ml (F=23.374, P=0.085) respectively.A significant decrease was observed in the two groups and the serum level of IL-23 of the rhTNFR:Fc group was lower than that of the conventional group at week 12.② SIJ MRI SPARCC scores of the rhTNFR:Fc group and the conventional drugs group were (20.1± 1.2) scores and(20.7±1.5) scores (F=2003.660, P=0.191), (12.5± 0.8) scores and (15.4±0.9) scores (F=1 680.430, P=0.004), (8.8±0.9) scores and (12.8± 0.9) scores (F=972.877, P=0.002), the scores of two group were significantly decreased after treatment.At week 12, 24 of the treatment, the rhTNFR:Fc group scores were lower than the conventional drugs group.③ The serum IL-23 levels, SLJ MRI SPARCC scores and clinical index (ESR, CRP, PGA, BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI and number of painful joints) were not correlated (P＞0.05), the SIJ MRI SPARCC scores and clinical indicators were not correlated (P＞0.05).Conclusion ① The serum IL-23 levels of the rhTNFR:Fc are higher than healthy controls.② rhTNFR:Fc treatment could significantly decrease IL-23 levels and improve the sacroiliac joint inflammation compared to conventional treatment.③ SIJ MRI is a good assessment method for the detection of SpA sacroiliac joint inflammation.

OBJECTIVETo explore the action mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Shenmen" (HT 7) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) on insomnia.

METHODSThirty SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group and an EA group, 10 cases in each group. The insomnia model was made by immobilization method in the model group and EA group. After model establishment, rats in the blank group and model group were treated with fixation and no treatment was given. Rats in the EA group were treated with EA at "Shenmen" (HT 7) and "San-yinjiao" (SP 6) for 15 min, once a day for 4 days. After treatment, the level of daytime and nighttime activity, open-arm entry percentage and open-arm time percentage of elevated plus-maze test were measured; the content of noradrenaline (NE), dopamine (DA) and epinephrine (EPI) in plasma and NE, DA in thalamus and brainstem were detected by using euzymelinked immunosorbent assay method.

RESULTSCompared with the blank group, the daytime activity was increased and nighttime activity was reduced in the model group (both P<0. 05); the open-arm entry percentage and open-arm time percentage of elevated plus-maze test were both reduced in the model group (both P<0. 05); the contents of NE, DA, EPI in the plasma and NE, DA in thalamus and brainstem were increased in the model group (all P<0. 05). Compared with the model group, the daytime activity was reduced and nighttime activity was increased in the EA group (both P<0. 05); the open-arm entry percentage and open-arm time percentage of elevated plus-maze test were both increased in the EA group (both P<0. 05); the contents of NE, DA, EPI in the plasma and NE, DA in thalamus and brainstem were reduced in the EA group (all P< 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture at "Shenmen" (HT 7) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) can restrain the over-activity of the sympathetic-adrenal medullary system to treat the insomnia.

Acupuncture Points ; Adrenal Medulla ; metabolism ; Animals ; Anxiety ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Norepinephrine ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; psychology ; therapy ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiopathology

Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity in adult residents in Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province,so as to provide scientific basis for health policies and intervention strategies.Methods A total of 39 445 participants were recruited by multi-stage random cluster sampling method,and health data were obtained through questionnaires and physical examinations.Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 34.60％ and 9.40％,respectively; and the standardized prevalence was 32.97％ and 8.67％.The prevalence of overweight or obesity in males was 36.73％ and 8.62％,in females 32.61％ and 10.13％.The prevalence of overweight or obesity was increased with age,although the prevalence of overweight was decreased after 55 years of age (18-:16.31％; 25-:27.38％; 35-:37.28％; 45-:41.55％; 55-:40.71％; 65-:37.64％; 75-:32.08％) and the prevalence of obesity was decreased after 75 years of age (18-:2.49％; 25-:6.41％; 35-:9.64％; 45-:11.24％; 55-:12.07％; 65-:12.45％; 75-:8.88％).There were significant difference of the prevalence of overweight/obesity by educational level (x2=178.41,P＜0.01; x2=243.59,P＜0.01),profession (x2=191.28,P＜0.01; x2=120.38,P＜0.01) and marital status (x2=431.67,P＜0.01; x2=118.43,P＜0.01).In Logistic regression,female,vegetable over-intake every day and current cigarette smoking were protective factors of overweight/obesity,while middle and old-age,alcohol drinking and big appetite were risk factors of overweight/obesity.Conclusions A higher morbidity rate of overweight/obesity was found in Xuzhou City,and comprehensive interventions should be taken for high risk populations.

Objective To explore the relationship between poor sleep quality and stoke.Methods A total of 738 stroke patients in Xuzhou city in 2013 were selected as the case group and age-and sex-matched healthy non-stroke subjects (n =738)as control group.The writer-designed general situation questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)analyses were conducted for a face-to-face investigation.Results No significant difference in mean age(66.1±10.9 and 65.8 ± 10.6,t =0.60,P =0.58)and in sex (50％ vs.50 ％) was found between two groups.There were statistically significant differences between case and control groups in baseline values of BMI(t=2.40,P =0.02),histories of hypertension(x2 =174.30,P =0.00),diabetes mellitus (x2 =27.20,P =0.00),coronary heart disease(x2 =115.60,P =0.00),smoking(x2 =6.10,P =0.01),drinking (x2 =7.30,P =0.01)and living stress(x2 =11.40,P =0.01).The PSQI sub-scores and PSQI total scores were higher in case group than in control group.The rate of poor sleep quality was higher in case group(279 cases,37.8 ％) than in control group(136 cases,18.4 ％) (x2 =6.10,P =0.01).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that,after adjusting for confounding factors of BMI,histories of hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease.smoking,drinking and living stress,the poor sleep quality in total male plus female was independent predictor variables for stroke[odds ratio(95 ％ CI) of 2.3 (1.8-3.0)],no matter their sex,with odds ratio (95 ％ CI) in male (2.5,1.7-3.7) or in female (2.2,1.5-3.2),respectively,but there was no significance difference in the odds ratio between male and female in case group(x2 =0.04,P=0.85).The risk stroke was 2.3 folds higher in poor sleep quality versus control in male plus female,with pure male or female of 2.5 or 2.2 folds.There was no significance difference between male and female in case group versus.the control(x2 =0.04,P=0.85).Conclusions Poor sleep quality is associated with the occurrence of stroke and may be a risk factor for stroke.

Objective To explore the relationship between sleep quality and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Multi-stage randomized cluster sampling was used in the survey and self-designed questionaire , Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale , diabetes specific quality of life scale and self-rating depression scale were adopted. Results The poor sleep quality rate was 33.6%. Compared with the group with 6~8 h sleep duration, the scores of physical function,psychological dimension,social relations and quality of life were higher in patients with < 6 h sleep duration (P < 0.01).The average quality of life score was significantly higher among the sleep disorder participants than the other groups(56.95 ± 14.57 vs 50.11 ± 11.08 vs 44.77 ± 9.61,P<0.01). After adjusting for age, gender, complications, course of disease and depression, etc. The correlation coefficient of sleep quality and quality of life was 3.92. Among them , the sleep quality and physical dimensions of the correlation coefficient is the largest(r=0.407,P<0.01). Conclusions It can be an effective method of improving their status of life quality by ameliorating their sleep quality , especially for the physical dimension.

Objective To investigate the existence of genetic divergence of sympatric populations of Anopheles sinensis of different feeding preferences based on the rDNA-ITS2 sequence differences. Methods A large number of wild anopheles popu-lations were trapped all night by man-baited net and calf-baited net that had been set up between high-density natural villages of An. sinensis populations and vector-breeding sites,from which two groups of An. sinensis were separated by morphological iden-tification and brought back to the lab for conventional breeding. A large closed greenhouse which temperature and humidity was appropriate was selected as research settings of mark-release-recapture methods by female mosquitoes ,in the center of which above An. sinensis populations baited by man and calf and respectively correspondingly marked by red and yellow phosphors were released in together,in each side of which An. sinensis were recaptured simultaneously by man-baited net and calf-baited net. An. sinensis populations trapped by man twice were brought back to the lab and bred with man-blood,correspondingly ones trapped by calf with calf-blood. Man-preferring and calf-preferring strains were screened respectively from An. sinensis which had been baited by man and calf by the mark-release-recapture methods after parent and F1 mosquitoes,and sequencing and aligning of both rDNA-ITS2 were conducted via PCR amplification. Results The recapture ratios of wild parental mosquitoes An. sinensis of man-preferring group by man-baited net and calf-baited net were 54.07%(339/627)and 45.93%(288/627)re-spectively,and ones of calf-preferring group by man-baited net and calf-baited net were 58.01%(409/705)and 41.99%(296/705)respectively. Two groups of parental mosquitoes trended towards selecting the original blood hosts in host-seeking prefer-ence(χ2=19.42,P<0.01). The recapture ratios of F1 mosquitoes An. sinensis of man-preferring group by man-baited net and calf-baited net were 63.43%(765/1 206)and 36.57%(441/1 206),and ones of calf-preferring group by man-baited net and calf-baited net were 68.22%(1 039/1 523)and 31.78%(484/1 523). Two groups of F1 mosquitoes had more significant characteris-tics of selecting the original blood hosts in host-seeking preference(χ2=271.69,P<0.01)and showed the genetic differentia-tion phenomenon,but the results of sequencing and aligning of the rDNA-ITS2 via PCR amplification showed no difference in base sequence between the two strains and both were 469 bp. Conclusions The genetic divergence based on the rDNA-ITS2 se-quence does not happen in An. sinensis sympatric populations of different feeding preferences.

ABSTRACT:Objective To explore the changes of serum cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17)in patients with chronic hepatitis B of different clinical types and its clinical significance.Methods We selected 30 cases of mild chronic hepatitis B,34 cases of moderate one,29 cases of severe one,38 cases of liver cirrhosis,and 21 cases of acute on chronic liver failure.Another 30 cases over the same period served as the healthy control group.Cytokine IL-1 7 level in peripheral blood was detected in each group,and all the groups except the control group were detected for liver function and HBV-DNA.These related serum markers were detected and the results were statistically analyzed.Results ① IL-17 in the peripheral blood was (8.103±2.061)ng/mL in healthy control group;(25.551 ±7.078)ng/mL,(45.442±18.358)ng/mL and (75.378±19.05)ng/mL in the groups with mild,moderate and severe chronic hepatitis B;and (97.16±17.066)ng/mL in acute on chronic liver failure group.Its levels gradually increased with the severity;and there were significantly different among the five groups and between every two groups (P<0.01).The peripheral blood level of IL-17 was (8.103±2.061)ng/mL in the healthy control group, (34.517±8.905)ng/mL in compensatory cirrhosis group,and (45.615±15.623)ng/mL in the decompensated cirrhosis group.These three groups had pairwise comparison,and the difference between every two groups was significant (P<0 .0 1 ).The peripheral blood level of IL-1 7 in the decompensated cirrhosis group increased compared with that in the compensatory group.③ In the 1 5 2 cases detected,serum IL-1 7 level and serum ALT,AST,TBIL,HBV-DNA levels were positively correlated,and serum PTA had negative correlation with the level of IL-1 7 .④ In the 2 1 cases of acute on chronic liver failure,the peripheral blood level of IL-1 7 did not significantly differ between antigen-e positive and negative groups (P=0.654).⑤ In 21 patients with chronic on acute liver failure,the level of IL-1 7 in peripheral serum and MELD scores showed a positive correlation by Pearson correlation analysis (r=0.533,P=0.013).Conclusion In patients with chronic hepatitis B,the level of IL-17 in peripheral serum increased with disease severity.Moreover,the level of IL-1 7 in peripheral blood may play a role in promoting the progression of cirrhosis and the development of acute on chronic liver failure.

Objective To establish a RP-HPLC method for determining indigo and indirubin in Baphicacanthus cusia from different producing areas and medicinal parts. Methods The separation was achieved by an Agilent TC-C18 Column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) at 25 ℃ using methanol-water (75??25) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL??min-1.The detection wavelength was 290 nm. Results Indigo had a good linear relationship with peak area at range of 0. 051 3-0.820 8 μg (r=0.999 3).The recovery rate was 99.00% and RSD was 1.30% (n=6).Indirubin had a good linear relationship with peak area at range of 0.049 5-0.792 0 μg (r=0.999 9).The recovery rate was 98.88% and RSD was 1.51% (n=6). Conclusion The contents of the two components are obviously different in Baphicacanthus cusia because of different places or medicinal parts. The proposed method is simple, rapid and reliable. This method for determination of indigo and indirubin in Baphicacanthus cusia by RP-HPLC provides a basis for quality control of Baphicacanthus cusia.