The seven-year system in medical education is a new teaching model of cultivating the high-level medical talents to meet the need of construction of socialist health modernization of our country.As a student having had medical study for two years,I realize some advantages and shortcomings existing in the class education.So I have made analysis of the current conditions of its basic medical education and put forward some proposals,hoping to provide help for the seven-year teachings in the undergraduate courses.

To develop a RP-HPLC method for the determination of catechin (C),epicatechin (EC),gallic acid (GA)and procyanidin B2 (PCB2 )in procyanidins and compare the contents of C,EC,GA and PCB2 in procyani-dins purchased from different manufacturers.A RP-HPLC method was developed and the determination was car-ried out on a Hypersil ODS2 column (4.0 mm ×200 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase consisted of methanol and 2% acetic acid with gradient elution and the detection wave-length was at 280 nm.There was a good linear rela-tionship between concentration and the peak area in the range of 0.1-50 μg/mL (r =0.998 6)for catechin,0.1-50 μg/mL (r =0.994 5)for epicatechin,0.05-50 μg/mL (r =0.999 9)for gallic acid and 0.1-50 μg/mL (r =0.992 2)for procyanidin B2 ,respectively.The average recoveries of catechin,epicatechin,gallic acid and PCB2 were 98.36%,98.21%,89.60% and 98.47%,respectively and the RSDs were 1.39%,0.84%,2.12% and 2.46%,respectively.The method is simple,accurate,reproducible and can be used for assay of C,EC,GA,PCB2 in procyanidins.There was a great difference in the content of four substance in procyanidins purchased from dif-ferent manufacturers.

Objective To investigate the modulation of affective pictures on experimental tonic cold and heat pain in a behavioral study. Methods Fifteen healthy female subjects went through the tonic cold and tonic heat stimulation when watching the affective pictures in a counter-balanced order after the pictures were grouped into the pleasant, the unpleasant and the neutral picture sets. The pain tolerance time ( PTT ) was recorded.Results The tolerance time was prolonged when watching the pleasant and unpleasant pictures contrast to thatwhen watching the neutral ( Unpleasant ( 146.20 ± 13.68 ) s, Neutral ( 86. 73 ± 12.93 ) s, Pleasant ( 145.27 ±15.99 ) s, F(2,42) = 5.718, P ＜ 0.01 ) ). However, no significant difference was observed in the heat pain test under the different experimental conditions ( Unpleasant ( 74.73 ± 15.78 ) s, Neutral ( 68.80 ± 15.85 ) s, Pleasant ( 78.80± 14.81 )s, F(2.42) =0. 109, P＞0.05) ). A correlation between the residual difference of arousal in pleasant and neutral picture sets and the residual difference of heat PTT in pleasant and neutral picture sets was investigated (r = 0.546, P = 0.035 ). Conclusion Besides the emotional valence,the arousal may be one of the key elements that modulate the tonic pain.

Objective To investigate the relationship of glycosylated hemoglobin A1C(HBA1c) and 2 hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPBG) with 12-hour urinary albumin excretion rate(UAE).Methods One hundred and thirteen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),whose fast blood glucose(FBG) levels after treatment were less than 7.0 mmol/L,and 54 healthy subjects were the control group in this study.The level of HBA1c was detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The level of 2hPBG was measured by glucose oxidase assay and the level of UAE was detected by radioimmunoassay.According to the level of HBA1c and 2hPBG,the patients were divided into 4 groups: group A(HBA1c7% and PBG

Objective To develop a curriculum of a training course for oncology nurses in regard to patient education in sexuality for breast cancer patients. Methods Delphi Method was used in the study. Two rounds of questionnaire investigation were conducted among 21 specialists in breast nursing care, sexology, and psychology. The curriculum was developed after revised based on the comments and suggestions brought up in the experts. Results The training curriculum in sexual health of the breast cancer patients for oncology nurse consisted of 5 sections, professional education, sexology, medicine, psychology and practice, which were divided into 45 teaching topics included in 13 courses. The comments of the specialists on the training curriculum were consistent. The coefficients of variation ranged from 0.07 to 0.20. The coordination coefficient was 0.344. Conclusions The current study developed an integral curriculum for oncology nurses in regard to patient education in sexuality for breast cancer patients, which will benefit oncology nurses for their nursing practice.

Objective To explore the value of magnetic resonance perfusion imaging of 3D arterial spin labeling(3D-ASL)in the diagnosis of transient ischemic attack(TIA).Methods 78 of patients were diagnosed TIA on MR routine scan [T1 WI,T2 WI,T2-FLAIR,diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)],magnetic resonance angiography(MRA)and 3D arterial spin labeling(3D-ASL).The re-sult were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results In 78 patients,the abnormal routine scan was 0 case(0%);abnormal MRA 41 cases (52.6%);abnormal 3D-ASL 47 cases(60.2%);combination with each other were 60 cases(76.9%).29 cases with artery stenosis and abnormal ASL,12 case with artery stenosis and normal ASL,19 cases with normal vascular and abnormal ASL,18 cases with normal vascular and normal ASL.Conclusion 3D-ASL is better than routine magnetic resonance sequences in the diagnosis of TIA,which is convenient and should be a routine scanning sequence of TIA.3D-ASL,MRA and DWI have their own advantages and disadvantages, combination use can improve the diagnosis accuracy of TIA.

Objective To explore the value of computed tomography (CT)and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)in the diagno-sis and delineation of the extent of malignant external otitis (MEO).Methods Clinical manifestations and imaging features of 10 pa-tients with definite diagnosis of MEO were collected and analyzed.Plain and contrast-enhanced CT of the ear were performed on all 10 patients,of which 6 patients also received MRI scans.Results Abnormal soft tissue opacity within the external auditory canal and involvement of surrounding structures were found in all 10 patients.Bone erosion of the external auditory canal was showed in 7 pa-tients.Other CT findings included bone erosion of skull base and intracranial involvement.Abnormal soft tissue of the external audi-tory canal,effusion in the mastoid cavity and medullary abnormalities were showed very well on MR images in 6 patients while the cortical bone erosion was not well showed.Conclusion Imaging features of the lesions in the external auditory canal,bone erosion of skull base and intracranial involvement play crucial roles in the diagnosis and delineation of the extent of the lesion in patients with MEO.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the permeability of blood-brain barrier in rats subjected to global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each):sham operation group (group S),global cerebral I/R group (group I/R) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Global cerebral I/R was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries combined with hypotension (MAP was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg) in anesthetized rats.In group D,dexmedetomidine was infused at a rate of 3μg· kg-1 · h-1 until 2 h of reperfusion after a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 3 μg/kg was injected intravenously immediately after onset of I/R.The rats were sacrificed at 24 h of reperfusion and their brains were immediately removed for microscopic examination of hippocampal CA1 region and for determination of the cell apoptosis,brain water content,Evans blue content and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression.Results The number of apoptotic cells was significantly larger,and brain water content,Evans blue content and AQP4 expression were higher in groups I/R and D than in group S (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The number of apoptotic cells was significantly smaller,and brain water content,and Evans blue content and AQP4 expression were lower in group D than in group I/R (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Global cerebral I/R-induced pathological changes were significantly attenuated in group D.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can decrease the permeability of blood-brain barrier and attenuate global cerebral I/R injury in rats,and down-regulation of AQP4 expression may be involved in the mechanism.

In the presence of hydrochloric acid, tetraethoxysilicane was hydrolyzed and formed silica sol. Non-labeled immunosensor was fabricated by droping the mixture solution of the silica sol and antibody of aflatoxin B_1 on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. In this work, a Fe(CN)_6~(3-/4-) phosphate buffer solution) was employed as base solution for investigating cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic(EIS) performances of the sensor, respectively. The experimental results t indicated that because of the complex formed by the immunoreaction hindered the diffusion of Fe(CN)_6~(3-/4-) on the electrode surface, the redox peak current of the immunosensor in CV obviously decreased, and its electron transfer impedance linearly) increased with increasing the concentration of aflantoxin B_1(AFB). When the medium acidit and incubation) time were pH 6.5 and 20 min, respectively, the biggest electron transfer impedance changed value before and after the immunoreaction was obtained. Under the optimal conditions, a linear range to concentration of aflatoxin B_1 was 1-10 μg/L with a detection limit of 0.1 μg/L(S/N=3). Proposed method is of high sensitivity and stability, it has been successfully applied to determine AFB_1 in maize, rice and peanut.

Objective The purpose of this study is to define the pollution level of CO2 pneumoperitoneum in operation room and its influence on the health of medical personnel,and put forward certain countermeasures.Methods This research consisted of four groups of experiments,and gradually proved that the use of pneumoperitoneum machine would lead to air pollution in the operation room,and the health of medical staff were influenced too.The four experiments were:the maximum CO2 gas leakage experiment;laparotomy and pneumoperitoneum surgery in the operating room CO2 gas concentration control experiment;CO2 gas concentration increase on the influence of the medical staff experiment; long-time pneumoperitoneum surgery operating room CO2 gas concentration change experiment.Results The maximum CO2gas leakage situation could cause the operation room CO2 gas concentration to increase(＞ l 000× 104); pneumoperitoneum machine in actual use process,could cause the increase of CO2 gas concentration in operation room; increase of CO2 gas concentration had an impact on the vital signs of the medical staff,the heart rate and blood pressure were statistically different before and after the operation; during pneumoperitoneum surgery for a long time,indoor CO2 gas concentration increased (＞1000× 10-6)and reduced quickly postoperation.Conclusions The use of C02 pneumoperitoneum machine in operation room influence the health of medical personnel.Effective protective measures dealing with gas pollution should be taken to reduce the chronic injury to medical staff.