Objective To explore the methods and mesures for the pre-analytical quality control of test specimen and to improve the accuracy and reliability of test results.Methods According to the relevant requirements of IS015189,various measures for the specimen circulation process and collection technology two aspects were taken to control the full links of clinical specimen collection and transport,and the incidence of unqualified specimen before and after the improvements were analyzed.Results After the imple-mentation of the improvement measures,the incidence of unqualified specimens was decreased significantly.Conclusion Implemen-tation of the whole aspect of pre-analytical quality control can effectively improve the quality of specimen in order to improve the test quality.

Objective To apply PDCA(plan,do,check and action)cycle to optimize management and shorten the turnaround time(TAT)of five sex hormone tests for improving clinical efficiency and patient satisfaction.Methods A PDCA management team was established to retrospectively analyze the current status of sex hormone TAT in 2021.In 2022,PDCA tools were utilized,including fishbone diagrams for cause analysis,Pareto charts for root cause identification,formulation and implementation of corresponding im-provement measures and monitoring of TAT changes before and after PDCA.Results Through the corrective measures,such as staff personnel training,increasing testing equipment,optimization process and other improvement measures,the median TAT of sex hor-mone samples in 2022(post-PDCA improvement)was 54 minutes which was significantly lower than 61 minutes in 2021(pre-PDCA)(P＜0.05).Conclusion PDCA cycle management effectively shortened the TAT of sex hormone samples,enhanced clinical diagnostic efficiency and patient experience,improved doctor-patient relationships,while also elevated the quality management standards of labo-ratories.

Objective: To investigate the physical properties of Ti-6Al-4V clasps generated by selective laser melting (SLM) with different construction directions and to compare these clasps with cast clasps, which could provide a basis for fabricating SLM clasps with high precision and excellent mechanical properties. Methods: Ti-6Al-4V clasps were fabricated by SLM at 0 degrees (SLM0 group), 45 degrees (SLM45 group) and 90 degrees (SLM90 group) (n = 12). Twelve clasps were cast by the casting method as the control group. Meanwhile, four metal abutments were cast randomly as the abutments of the four groups. X-ray was used to detect cracks in the clasps of each group. The roughness of the clasps was measured by confocal microscopy, the fitness tests between clasps and abutment were processed by stereomicroscopy, and the microstructure of clasps in each group was observed under a metallographic microscope to evaluate the physical properties. Results : There were 0-8 visible cracks in the casting group but no obvious defects in the SLM groups. The maximum surface roughness was observed in the cast group (18.102 ± 3.762) μm, while the minimum roughness was observed in the SLM90 group (5.942 ± 1.486) μm (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in surface roughness between the SLM0 group [(8.711 ± 2.378) μm] and the SLM45 group [(8.513 ± 1.161) μm]. Fitness was worst in the casting group [(68.445 ± 14.876) μm] and best in the SLM90 group [(33.417 ± 5.880) μm] (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in fitness between the SLM0 group [(52.917 ± 12.102) μm] and the SLM45 group [(50.889 ± 7.011) μm]. In addition, the growth direction of the β grains was roughly parallel to the build direction, and acicular α grains were present between β grains. SLM was composed of fine grains, while the cast group had large grains. Conclusions Specimens generated by SLM had finer grains than cast specimens. In addition, SLM90 clasps had the highest fitness and the lowest surface roughness.