In recent years, the incidence rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) keeps increasing, and the age of onset tends to become younger. NAFLD has become one of the major public health problems in the 21st century. This article reviews the research advances in the association between some chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10) and NAFLD in recent years, in order to provide directions for the research on the pathogenesis and prevention and treatment of NAFLD.