Objective To evaluate the application of CT myelography (CTM) in detecting the site of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and analyze it's imaging features.Methods Six patients (3 women and 3 men) with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) were included, who met the criteria of the International Headache Classification (2nd edition, 2004). Five patients subsequently underwent whole spine MRI and all 6 patients underwent CTM. Autologous blood mixed with omnipaque (300 mg/ml) was injected followed by selective puncture at the leak site indicated by CTM. Results MRI was failed to find leak site in the 5 patients, whereas CTM successfully found leak sites in all 6 patients. There were 1 to 7 leak sites respectively with an average of 4.2 sites (totally 25 points). Leak sites at cervical (12 sites) and thoracic (12 sites) were more frequent than at lumbar (1 site). CTM was featured by linear leakage of the contrast medium along the spinal nerve roots, paraspinal collections of hyper-density contrast medium and beak-like enlargement of the nerve sleeves. All patients responded well to the treatment, with complete resolution of symptoms. Conclusion CTM has been shown to be a study of choice to accurately define the location and extent of a CSF leak.

AIM: To investigate the effect of microRNA (miR)-30c on the viability and migratory ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by targeting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).METHODS:The HUVECs were transfected with miR-30c mimic and inhibitor or negative control (NC), and then the expression levels of miR-30c, PAI-1 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.The viability and migratory ability of HUVECs were measured by CCK-8 assay and wound healing test .After bioinformatic analysis, the assessment of miR-30c binding to PAI-1 3’-UTR was carried out using a luciferase reporter gene assay .RESULTS:miR-30c directly down-regu-lated PAI-1 levels by binding to the 3’ UTR seed sequence of PAI-1 mRNA.Furthermore, transfection of a miR-30c mimic down-regulated the expression of PAI-1 at mRNA and protein levels, leading to enhanced migratory ability and viability of the HUVECs.However, transfection of a miR-30c inhibitor up-regulated the expression of PAI-1 at mRNA and protein le-vels, leading to decreased migratory ability and viability .CONCLUSION:Regulation of miR-30c level changes the migra-tory ability and viability of HUVECs by affecting the PAI-1 expression, indicating the involvement of miR-30c in modulating endothelial function .

Objective To study the therapeutic and toxic effects of 32 P-chromic phosphate-poly (L-lactic) acid (32p-CP-PLLA) microparticle intratumoral administration into BALB/c nude mice bearing BxPc-3 human pancreatic carcinoma.Methods Twenty four nude mice bearing tumors were injected with 0,9.3,18.5 and 37.0 M Bq 32p-CP-PLLA microparticle,respectively.The relative tumor growth rates were observed every day,and white blood cells,platelets and body weight were measured.At 14 d after administration,the tumors were removed,histological examination and immunohistochemical analysis were performed.Results The relative tumor growth rates of each treatment group was lower than 40％.Histological examination showed the degenerative necrosis at the site nearby the mircoparticle.Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the Microvessel density (MVD) and the expression of Bcl-2 in treated group were lower than those in control group.In contrast,the expression of bax in treated group were higher than those in control group.The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein significantly decreased in the treatment group,which were 3.83 ± 0.43,0.47 ± 0.13,1.10 ± 0.32,2.19 ± 0.57 for 0,9.3,18.5 and 37.0 MBq 32 P-CP-PLLA microparticle,respectively ( t =2.36 - 2.77,P ＜ 0.05).MVD were 31.2 ± 2.3,23.8 ± 1.5,14.8 ±0.8,11.0 ± 1.2,respectively.Dose dependence was observed in both HE and IHC staining after 14 d treatment ( t =2.30 - 2.57,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Intratumoral injection of 32p-CP-PLLA microparticle might be a safe,easy and effective radionuclide interventional therapy for pancreatic carcinoma.

Objective To explore the toxicity and safety of 32P-CP-PLLA seeds interstitial implantation. Methods 30 beagle dogs were randomly divided into 10 groups according to different drugs (32P-CP-PLLA and 32P-CP),different doses (185, 370 and 740 MBq) and different sites (gluteus and liver). At different time-points after surgery, the weights of dogs were measured. The blood routine and blood biochemical indexes,PC Ⅲ ,HA,CG,PCⅣ and LN were examined. ECT imaging was performed and histology was observed dynamically. Blood, urine and faeces were measured continuously for 12 weeks and 30 days, respectively. Results ECT imaging demonstrated in seed groups and 32P-CP muscle groups radioactivity concentrated continuously in the area of implantation, without liver imaging. 471.67 MBq/m2 of 32 P-CP was injected in liver,while the absorbed dose was 31 Gy,without significant liver damage. When the dose was 794. 28 MBq/m2 , the absorbed dose was 56 Gy,with strong liver and systemic toxicity. But implanting seeds at the same or higher dose, the absorbed dose was 89.83-178.68 Gy in the area of implantation, and the rest liver was 1.09-2. 18 Gy,without liver damage. Dogs in liver group died at 23, 29 and 45 d, respectively, and the inspections of liver fibrosis were higher than the means of the other groups.Blood routine and blood biochemistry indexes between the other groups showed no significant differences.Effective half-life of 32P-CP-PLLA was 11.78 d, while that of 32P-CP was 6. 82 d in liver, and 8. 73 d in gluteus. Mild to moderate injury were found in liver group at 4 weeks. Moderate to serious injury were found. Liver cell necrosis and proliferation were found at 4-6 weeks in other liver groups. In muscle groups,only cellular edema was found in muscle groups at 2 week. The radioactivity count rate in blood for seed groups showed slowly jagged decreasing over time, and decreased exponentially for 32PCP groups. The radioactivity count rate in urine and faeces were multi-peak descending in seed groups. Conclusions 32P-CP-PLLA seeds have the advantages of suitable target location, degradable, non-migration and easy to protection, and it could be used in treatment for different blood supply types of solid tumors. Liver of beagle dog could endure the dose from 32 P-CP-PLLA seed twice as 32P-CP lethal dose.

AIM: To determine whether triptolide induce apoptosis of synovial cells in collagen - induced arthritis(CIA) in rats. METHODS: The male Wistar rats were used to make CIA models by immunized with Bovine collagen Ⅱ ( BC Ⅱ )in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). A total of 20 CIA rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, triptolide group (10 rats) and CIA control group (10 rats). Triptolide group were administered with triptolide at 40 μg/kg body weight intramuscularly every three days. CIA control group andanother 10 age - matched normal rats were given normal saline instead. The rats were sacrificed on the 31st day after the triptolide administration. The pieces of synovium of the rat knee joints were harvested. The synovium was examined by HE staining and electron microscope. The apoptosis was tested by TUNEL and flow cytometer. RESULTS: The earlier phase of apoptotic synoviocytes were observed under the electron microscope. The flow cytometry showed that the percentage of the apoptotic cells was (3.98 ± 1.16)% in the triptolide group, (1.83 ± 0.82)% in the CIA control group, and (0.87 ±0.24)% in the normal group (P＜0.01: triptolide vs control group). While the percentage of the cells in DNA synthesis phase was (3.3± 1.2)% in the triptolide goup, (8.0± 1.4)% in the CIA control group, and (3.4 ± 0.7)% in the normal group.There is significantly different in the apoptosis changes between the triptolide group and the CIA control group ( P ＜ 0.01: triptolide vs CIA control group). The TUNEL labeling demonstrated that the percentage of the apoptotic cells was (4.5 ± 1.0)% in the triptolide group, (2.2 ± 1.0) % in the CIA control group, and ( 1.0 ± 0.4) % in the normal group. The difference of apoptotic rate between the triptolide group and the CIA control group is significant ( P ＜ 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that triptolide can induce apoptosis in CIA rats, which may be one of the mechanisms that triptolide treats the rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the contents of loganic acid,swertiamarin,6′-O-β-D-glucosyl gentiopicroside,gentiopi-croside,sweroside,isoorientin and isovitexin in wild and cultivated Gentiana officinalis,and to provide basis for rational use of G. officinalis. METHODS:UPLC method was adopted. The separation was performed on ACQUITY UPLC? BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm,1.7 μm) with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.04% phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 242 nm,and column temperature was 30 ℃. RESULTS:For loganic acid,swertiama-rin,6′-O-β- D-glucosyl gentiopicroside,gentiopicroside,sweroside,isoorientin and isovitexin,a good linearity was obtained in the range of 2.1-537.1 μg,1.05-270 μg,0.92-236 μg,11.1-2 830 μg,0.75-192 μg,0.167-102 μg,0.216-52.80 μg(r≥0.999 5), respectively. Their average recoveries were 97.72%-99.84%(RSD≤3.39%,n=6). The contents of loganic acid,swertiamarin, 6′-O-β-D-glucosyl gentiopicroside,gentiopicroside,sweroside and isoorientin in the wild sample were higher than in the cultivat-ed;the content of isovitexin was lower than the cultivated,but there was no statistical significance(P>0.05). The sum of gentiopi-croside and loganin acid content were all higher than 2.5% in both wild and cultivated samples,and met the requirements of 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(first part). CONCLUSIONS:The content difference of 7 indicative constituents in wild and cul-tivated G. officinalis is not statistically significant,and the indicative constituents of the pharmacopoeia is qualified.

Objective To investigate the instant clinical efficacy of intra-arterial infusion of fasudil combined with routine anti-vasospasm for symptomatic cerebral vasospasm (SCVS). Methods The clinical data of 21 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to ruptured aneurysm, who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from May 2010 and February 2014, were retrospectively analyzed. The lesions included Fisher gradeⅡ(n=2), gradeⅢ (n=16) and gradeⅣ (n=3). Endovascular embolization of the aneurysm was carried out within 48 hours after the confirmation of the diagnosis with total cerebral DSA;no bleeding occurred during the operation and routine anti-vasospasm therapy was given. Within 4-9 days after the onset of the disease, all 21 patients presented SCVS. Half dose systemic heparinization, superselective intra-arterial infusion of fasudil (30 mg fasudil+250 ml saline, lasting for 30 min) were adopted. Reexamination of angiography performed at 15 min after fasudil infusion was employed, and the results were evaluated with NIHSS score by comparing the preoperative findings. Results Imaging examination performed after the treatment showed that significant improvement was obtained in 15 patients and no obvious changes in 6 patients. Clinical symptoms were remarkably improved in 11 patients, partially improved in 4 patients and remained unchanged in 6 patients. The mean NIHSS score was improved from preoperative 28.6 to postoperative 21.2. Conclusion For the treatment of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm, superselective intra-arterial infusion of fasudil is effective and safe, and it has good clinical application value.

Through detailed investigation of the market circulation of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix, at the same time, this article collected relevant articles, conducted comparative study on genuine and conventionally used Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix from the aspects of textual research, functions, chemical composition and pharmacological effect, and discussed the results of the study.

AIM: To determine whether triptolide induce apoptosis of synovial cells in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. METHODS: The male Wistar rats were used to make CIA models by immunized with Bovine collagen Ⅱ (BCⅡ) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). A total of 20 CIA rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, triptolide group (10 rats) and CIA control group (10 rats). Triptolide group were administered with triptolide at 40 ?g/kg body weight intramuscularly every three days. CIA control group and another 10 age-matched normal rats were given normal saline instead. The rats were sacrificed on the 31st day after the triptolide administration. The pieces of synovium of the rat knee joints were harvested. The synovium was examined by HE staining and electron microscope. The apoptosis was tested by TUNEL and flow cytometer. RESULTS: The earlier phase of apoptotic synoviocytes were observed under the electron microscope. The flow cytometry showed that the percentage of the apoptotic cells was (3.98?1.16)% in the triptolide group, (1.83?0.82)% in the CIA control group, and (0.87?0.24)% in the normal group (P

Objective To explore the possibility and safety of ~(32)P-colloidal chromic phosphate interstitial injection.Methods Ten Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 5 groups (n ＝ 2) according to different doses (185 and 370 MBq) ,different sites (gluteus maximus and liver) and cold colloid as a control group.At different time-points after surgery,the weights of dogs were measured,and the blood and blood biochemical inspections were examined.ECT imaging was performed and histomorphology was observed dynamically.The radioactive counts of body surface for 90 days,blood for 12 weeks and urine and feces for 30 days were measured continuously.Measured data were expressed by mean ±standard error ((x) ±s) and SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results ECT imaging demonstrated that the whole liver imaging was obtained although the radioactive distribution was uneven in liver groups,and the radioactivity concentrated continuously in the area of injection,but no liver imaging in muscle groups.Dogs in group 4 lost weight progressively and reduced by 2.7 kg till 45 d after operation.While the mean weight increments in the other groups were 3.0,1.6,0.8 and 3.1 kg in order.In group 4,PLT and RBC reduced obviously.Dogs died at 23 or 45 d.AST and ALT were elevated sharply before death.In the other groups,blood and blood biochemistry inspection showed there were no significant statistical differences.The highest radioactive counts after operation were obtained from the injection spot,while the urinary bladder and the spleen were followed.The peak of blood cpm in liver groups presented at 5 min.Peak values were 0.5 × 10~7/min and 1.0 × 10~7/min,respectively.The blood cpm in the muscle groups was always maintained at 3 × l0~5/min.Histology study showed the hyperemia dropsy changes in muscle groups and 185 MBq liver group in 4 weeks,while after 8 weeks the organizational structure restored normally.There were partial liver cells necrosis in 4 weeks,and the massive liver cells balloon type changes in 6 weeks,as well as obvious hyperemia dropsy and the hepatic lobe structure unclear in 370 MBq liver group.For the radioactive counts of urine and excrement,the peak appeared at 13 and 12 d respectively,and the peak values were (42.0 ±3.3) × 10~4 and (29.6 ±4.5) ×10~4 /min in muscle groups,respectively ;while the peak appeared at 5 and 9 d,respectively and the peak values were (49.0 ± 10.2) × 10~4 and (28.5 ± 7.1) × 10~4 /min in liver groups,respectively.Cumulative excretion ratios in urine and excrement were 36.58% and 10.62% in muscle groups,respectively and 23.48% and 8.76% in liver groups till 30 d,respectively.The liver absorbed doses were 30.6 and 55.6 Gy in liver groups,while those were 2.3 and 6.5 Gy in muscle groups.The maximus absorbed doses of gluteus were 53.4 and 98.1 Gy in muscle groups.Conclusions When ~(32)P- colloidal chromic phosphate of 794.39 MBq/m~2 was injected into the liver of Beagle,the liver absorbed dose was 56 Gy,which could be lethal dose for its strong liver toxicity and systemic side effects.Injection of 463.98-772.93 MBq/m~2 in muscle of Beagle could be safe.~(32) P-colloidal chromic phosphate interstitial injection is secure to treat the solid tumors with poor and middle blood supply which could be reached by puncture.