BACKGROUND:Differentiation of growth factor-induced cells into fibrocartilage is the hot topic in the research of meniscus tissue engineering. The in vitro construction and in vivo reconstruction of menisci are closely related with the effect of growth factors. OBJECTIVE:To review the current development of growth factors in meniscus tissue engineering, and to investigate the mechanism. METHODS:The VIP database (http://lib.cqvip.com), CNKI database (www.cnki.net) and PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) were retrieved for the related articles from January 2008 to March 2013 with the key words of“meniscus tissue engineering, cartilage, growth factors”. A total of 53 articles on the research of growth factors in meniscus tissue engineering were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were various growth factors in cartilage tissue engineering research, and the new growth factors have been found in the constant. The research on the regulation effect of growth factors on cartilage was changed from the research of single growth factor model to the research of the interactions between multiple growth factors;the molecular mechanisms of growth factors in regulating the cartilage have also been extensively studied. Growth factors have good application prospects in tissue engineering, but there are stil many problems to be solved, such as during the healing of menisci, the expressions and the effect of different growth factors are different in different time points. So how to play the interaction between growth factors timely and appropriately thus stimulating the in vivo microenvironment, investigating the molecular mechanisms of growth factors in regulating the cartilage, as wel as finding the new growth factors are the research focus in meniscus tissue engineering.

BACKGROUND:Smal intestinal submucosa is characterized as antimicrobial activity, good biocompatibility, bio-mechanical properties, and rapid degradation in vivo, similar to the extracellular matrix of meniscal
fibrochondrocytes.
OBJECTIVE:To observe whether there exists a good histocompatibility between smal intestinal submucosa and synovial mesenchymal stem cells.
METHODS:Smal intestinal submucosa was treated with physical and chemical treatment. And hematoxylin-eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy observation were performed. Then, smal intestinal submucosa extracts were prepared for the fol owing experiments. (1) Pyrogenic test:smal intestinal submucosa extracts were injected into the ear vein of New Zealand white rabbits. (2) Skin sensitization test:smal intestinal submucosa extracts, paraformaldehyde solution and normal saline were respectively injected intradermal y into New Zealand white rabbits. (3) General toxicity test:smal intestinal submucosa extracts and normal saline were respectively injected into the ear vein of New Zealand white rabbits. Smal intestinal submucosa was co-cultured with osteogenic rabbit synovial mesenchymal stem cells, and smal intestinal submucosa cultured alone served as control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were some intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, fat cells and other cells adhered onto the surface of smal intestinal submucosa after physical treatment. While, the amount of residual cells decreased sharply after chemical treatment. But the main structure and the component had not been changed. The surface of smal intestinal submucosa was smooth and no cells remained, and there was a three-dimension network spatial structure. The porosity was 80%. Smal intestinal submucosa is a non-toxic, nonirritating, non-immunogenic biomaterial with very good biocompatibility, which has a good histocompatibility with rabbit synovial mesenchymal stem cells.

Three forms of the major surface antigen (SAG1)of Toxoplasma gondii, that is the membrane form, the secrete form and the intracellular form, were constructed and used to immunize BALB/c mice. The humoral response in the mice immunized with the membrane form and the secrete form of SAG1 appeared earlier and stronger than those mice immunized with the intracellular form. Result from the challenging infection demonstrated that the protection in the mice immunized with the membrane and the secrete forms was also stronger than in the mice immunized with the intracellular form. We suggest that the immune efficiency of the three forms of SAG1 in the mouse model is different.

BACKGROUND: Previous artificial ligament is easy to break for material fatigue and to appear synonitis for materialbiocompatibility.OBJECTIVE: To observe the application effect of ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS) artificial ligament inreconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament via follow-up.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An own control, follow-up observation was performed between August 2004 andJanuary 2007 at the Department of Orthopedics and Joint Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury, including 16 with sport injury and 12 withvehicle accident injury.MATERIALS: The main component of LARS artificial ligament (Laboratoire d'Applieation et de Recherche Scientifique,France) is the high-tenacity polyester fiber polyethylene terephthalate.METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury were performed arthroscopic reconstruction of theligament with LARS artificial ligament and were averagely followed up for 20 months.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients' anterior drawer test, Lysholm score, range of motion prior to transplantationand in follow-up.RESULTS: The knee unstable symptom of 28 patients disappeared, anterior drawer test was negative, joint function wasgood with the flexion of 5.71 to 129.64 degrees. Average Lysholm score raised from (45.7±9.82) points prior totransplantation to (86.5±6.44) points after transplantation (P < 0.001). All patients resumed normal activities at 2 monthsafter transplantation, without acute or chronic synovitis and host response to materials.CONCLUSION: LARS artificial ligament is a relatively safe transplantation material and especially suitable to reconstructanterior cruciate ligament with sport injury. Mid-/short-term follow-up shows good result.

Objective To assess the clinical significance of modular femoral component in restoring femoral offset after total hip arthroplasty.Methods Data of 75 patients,who had undergone THA with modular femoral component from June 2009 to June 2012,were retrospectively analyzed.There were 42 males and 33 females,aged from 44 to 83 years (average,64.7±12 years).There were 40 cases of left hip and 35 cases of right hip.The average Harris hip score was 54±6 (range,32 to 65) before operation.The Zimmer M/L Taper hip prosthesis with Kinectiv technology was used in all patients.Preoperative templating was utilized to accurately predict the prosthetic size and the femoral offset.During the surgery,the femoral offset was measured accurately,and the appropriate femoral neck prosthesis was selected in order to restore the femoral offset and reconstruct hip abductor moment arm.The femoral offset and leg length were measured according to X-rays after operation.The Harris hip score was used to assess the clinical results.Results The femoral offset was reconstructed in all patients,ranging from-3.0 to 3.0 mm (average,1.3±0.3 mm).The average leg length discrepancy was improved to 3.0±0.8 mm.All patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months (average,19.7 months).The average hip abduction angle was 40°±10° at 12 weeks after operation.The average Harris hip score was 86±13 (range,65-94) at 12 weeks after operation and 95±15 (range,78 to 98) at final follow-up.There was no hip dislocation and femoral acetabular impingement syndrome.Conclusion Modular femoral component can restore femoral offset without changing the leg length,which can result in good hip abductor strength,range of motion of the hip and stability,as well as less complications.

BACKGROUND:A large amount of studies have confirmed that synovial mesenchymal stem cells have the similarity in cellmorphology, immune phenotype, colony forming ability and differentiation potential with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. But bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are better than synovial mesenchymal stem cells in the ability to differentiate into cartilages. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the possibility of using synovial mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells for meniscal tissue engineering. METHODS:The synovial mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from rabbit synovial tissues with limiting dilution monoclonal culture method, and then the cells were purified. The morphology, ultrastructure, molecular phenotype, proliferation kinetics, karyotype and tumorigenicity of the in vitro cultured cells were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The synovial mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the rabbit synovial cells had high proliferation capacity during in vitro monolayer culture. The synovial mesenchymal stem cells grew to peak at 6 days, and the doubling time was (30.2±2.4) hours. Flow cytometry results showed the synovial mesenchymal stem cells could express some molecular makers of mesenchymal stem cells, such as CD44 and CD90. DNA contents check, karyotype test and oncogenicity test confirmed isolated and purified synovial mesenchymal stem cells were the normal diploid cells without tumorigenicity, so the cells can be used as seed cells for meniscal tissue engineering.

MTH1 (MutT Homolog1 )as MutT homologous en-zyme,is a nucleotide pyrophosphatase,mainly involved in DNA damage repair process,especially plays an important role in the process of DNA replication in tumor cells.Recent studies have found that MTH1’s function is responsible for the development of a variety of tumors.Studies have shown that,MTH1 can remove tumor cells’oxidative DNA elements detrimental to the function-al structure,protecting tumor cell division and proliferation, maintaining tumor cell survival,however,normal cells do not need MTH1.Therefore,MTH1 may be only closely associated with abnormal cell growth.This makes MTH1 as therapeutic tar-gets that have been paid much attention.This article reviewed the relationship of MTH1 and tumor,discussed the mechanisms of MTH1 in tumor growth MTH1 and tumor treatment,so as to provide reference for clinical research and treatment of tumor.

Aim To discuss the impact of important ac-tive ingredient of garlic diallyl sulfide———DATS on platelet activating factor (PAF ) mediated melanoma metastasis and its mechanisms.Methods ①MTT was used to test the effect of different concentrations of DATS on B16F10 and A375 melanoma cell growth number;②Scratch test and transwell were employed to test the effect of different concentrations of DATS on B16F10 and A375 melanoma cell migration;③ West-ern blot was used to test the effect of DATS on expres-sion of MMP-2,ERK,p38 induced by PFA;④Intrave-nous injection of tumor metastasis model was used to check the inhibition of DATS in PAF-mediated melano-ma metastasis.Results B16F10 cells relative growth rate fell to 73.21% and 48.78%,respectively,when DATS concentration reached 50 and 100 μmol·L-1 . DATS inhibited the levels of PAF-induced migration of melanoma cells B16F10 and vertical migration signifi-cantly,and inhibited B16F10 cells migration induced by PAF through inhibiting the expression of MMP-2, paxillin protein,FAK and other proteins.Conclusion DATS can significantly inhibit PAF-induced tumor metastasis, which is related to the inactivation of MAPKs.

Objective To examine the effect function of platelet(Pt)assemble rate(PLTAR) and the change of protein kinase B(PKB) active by cilostazol (CS)and aspirin (AS)on elderly patients with acute coronary sydrome(ACS). Methods Forty-eight elderly patients with ACS were divided randomly into two groups:CS group (100 mg,n=26),AS group (300 mg,n=22).Twenty-six healthy elderly were into the group of normal control(NC group) . The CS group and AS group were treated by routine anticoagulation and antiplatelet.PLTAR and PKB activity were measured at 10 minutes before treatment and at 7 days after treatment 3.5,6.0,24.0 hours. Results The maximum PLTAR in elderly CS group and AS group was elevated significantly compared with NC group(P

Objective To explore the differences of the joint function and the patient's satisfaction between two different methods to reconstruct limb length for unilateral Crowe Ⅳ developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).Methods The clinical controlled study were used.21 cases with unilateral DDH Crowe Ⅳ treated with total hip arthroplasty were divided into 2 groups randomly.The patients in the first group were reconstructed the limb with the compensatory length and those in the second group were did with the real length.The patients were followed up 10 years.Two independent sample t-test was used to compare these two operations.Harris scores and SF-36 scores were used in the test.Survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier method was involved in the survival of the prosthesis and then test with Log-rank test.X-ray films of different period were compared to confirm the prosthetic loosening.Results Seventeen patients were followed up 8-10 years.There were no significant differences both in Harris score and most of the SF-36 scores at the median follow-up of 10 years.The item mental healthy of SF-36 expressed significant difference.Five patients required revision.There were 10 cases suffered with polyethylene wear,6 cases with severe osteoporosis in greater trochanter,and 3 cases with osteolytic reaction.Conclusion There are no significant differences between the two surgical method in the survival rate of prosthesis and the joint function in the median follow up.The satisfaction of the control groups is lower than the trial groups both at the early stage after the operation and the median follow up.The revision rate between the two groups is similar but the reason is different.