0.05). Conclusions CEUS can accurately display the perfusion changes of CIRD model of dogs,it's more sensitive than the BUN and SCr. DPI and TTP are the most sensitive quantitative indexes of CEUS.

Objective To evaluate the contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in quantitative diagnosis of chronic renal insufficiency. Methods Correlation of CEUS indexes with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) detected by 99mTc-DTPA renography was examined. Thirty-three cases of clinical chronic renal insufficiency were enrolled in the study. They were 15 males and 18 females with average age of (43.33±6.78) years. After intravenous bolus injection of 1 ml SonoVue,CEUS of renal cortex blood perfusion was performed successfully, and a time-intensity curve (TIC)was created with PHILIPS iU22 system's QLAB software. A 148 to 222 MBq dose of 99mTc-DTPA was injected as a bolus from antecubital vein. Renal scintigraphic images were collected immediately and GFR was obtained. Results The significant correlation coefficients between GFR and CEUS quantitative indexes were as follows: rAUC (area under curve)=0.886 (P＜0.05), rA (slope rate of ascending curve, A) =0.804(P＜0.05). However, rDPI (derived peak intensity, DPI)=0.021 (P＞0.05), rTTP (time to peak, TTP) =0.043 (P＞0.05), rα (slope rate of descending curve,α)=0.039 (P＞0.05). Conclusion CEUS can precisely display the hemodynamic change of chronic renal insufficiency, which is well correlated with GFR by 99mTc-DTPA renography.

Objective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in quantitative diagnosis of chronic kidney dysfunction(CKD) by comparing it with color Doppler imaging (CDFI). Methods Tirty-three cases (15 males and 18 females) of clinical confirmed CKD (stage Ⅲ～Ⅴ)were included. Forty-five healthy volunteers were performed as control group. CEUS and CDFI were performed on each patient. After intravenous bolus injection of 1ml SonoVue each side,CEUS of renal cortex blood perfusion was collected successively,and a time-intensity curve(TIC) was created with Philips iU22 system's QLAB software. Resistance index(RI) and peak systolic velocity(PSV) of renal partial arteries were also tested. Results Compared with normal kidney,CKD patients had delayed perfusion and decreased intensity. Changes of area under curve(AUC), derived peak intensity(DPI), slope rate of ascending curve(A)and time to peak(TTP) were statistically significant ( P ＜0. 05). Sensitivities of AUC,DPI,A and TTP in diagnosis of CKD (stage Ⅲ～Ⅴ ) were 91.2% ,84. 9% ,90.9% and 85.3%, their specificities were 95.4%,88.9% ,93.3% and 90.9%, their accuracies were 93.6%, 87. 2%, 92.3% and 88. 5%, respectively. The results of CEUS were better than RI in CDFI (sensitivity 70.4%, specificity 37. 8%, accuracy 52.2%).Conclusions CEUS can precisely display the hemodynamic change in CKD ( stage Ⅲ～Ⅴ ), and is more sensitive than CDFI.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of quantitative analysis of dynamic 3-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (3D-CEUS) for treatment effects of microwave coagulation on xenograft tumors in nude mice. Methods: BALB/c nude mice transplanted of HepG2 cells were divided into treatment group(n=16) and control group(n=16). The tumors were treated by incomplete microwave coagulation in the treatment group when their maximum diameters were about 0.8~1.0 cm. The baseline ultrasound and dynamic 3D-CEUS were performed on 1 d before treatment, 3 d after treatment, 7 d after treatment and 14 d after treatment. Time-intensity curves of the tumors were obtained by fitting. The quantitative parameters were also obtained, including peak intensity (PI), time to peak (TTP), mean transit time (MTT), slope (S), area under the curve (AUC), area under the curve of wash-in (AWI), and area under the curve of wash-out (AWO). Results: There were significant differences(P=0.029) between the two groups in PI, S, AUC, AWO on 3 d and 14 d. The differences in other parameters were not statistically significant (P>0.05). On 1 d before treatment and 7 d after treatment, none of the parameters had statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions The quantitative analysis of dynamic 3D-CEUS is feasible to assess the treatment response on xenograft tumors in nude mice.

Objective To investigate the value of clinical pharmacists in clinical treatment through the practice of clinical pharmacists participating in clinical drug treatment and providing pharmaceutical care to patients .Methods Clinical pharmacists were involved in therapeutic scheme making , medication education and drug effect and adverse reaction tracking of one patient of liver cir -rhosis complicated with pleural effusion .Results The effects of drug treatment were improved and the adverse drug reactions were re -duced after the participation of pharmacist in clinical treatment and the implementation of pharmaceutical care for the patient .Conclu-sion The participation of pharmacist in clinical drug therapy could enhance normative and reasonable usage of drugs .This participa-tion is decisive and valuable in clinical treatment .

Cognitive dysfunction is one of the serious sequelae of stroke. Brain-computer interface technology, as a rehabilitation technology to promote the neural function recovery, has been gradually applied to the assessment and rehabilitation of cognitive dysfunction after stroke. Brain computer interface establishs connection between the human brain and the machine, conducts closed-loop feedback training, helps patients improve brain functional activities, and finally achieves cognitive rehabilitation. This article introduces the current clinical application of brain-computer interface in rehabilitation of cognitive function after stroke and its possible neurophysiological mechanism, aiming to provide a new idea for rehabilitation of stroke patients.

Objective To evaluate the correlation and consistency of dynamic three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasonography ( 3D-CEUS ) and two-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (2D-CEUS) in the time-intensity curve ( TIC) parameters of quantitative analysis in liver neoplasms. Methods Thirty patients were examined with 2D-CEUS and dynamic 3D-CEUS.The dynamic raw data were analyzed by quantitative analysis software. The regions of interest were manually selected around the entire lesion;TIC curves were generated and fitted respectively. Quality of fit ( QOF) was used to evaluate the degree of fit between the fitted curve and the initial ccoefficients of S,PI and AUC were 0.92,0.72 and urve. The corresponding 2D-CEUS and 3D-CEUS quantitative parameters of the same lesion were compared,including peak intensity ( PI),slope ( S),area under curve (AUC),time to peak (TTP) and mean transit time (MTT). The correlation of the intensity-related quantitative parameters and the consistency of the time-related quantitative parameters were analyzed between the two kinds of CEUS. Results The consistency of time related quantitative parameters,including MTT and TTP,were 0.97 and 0.96,and the correlation were 0.94 and 0.93. The correlation 0.65,respectively. Conclusions The quantitative results of 3D-CEUS are stable and reliable,and have fair concordance with 2D-CEUS. Dynamic 3D-CEUS can be used for clinical evaluation of the blood perfusion of liver neoplasms.

Objective? To design a Seminar curriculum model for graduate nursing students based on the discussion of SCI papers and evaluate its effect on students' scientific research ability. Methods? Using the cluster sampling method, 57 graduate nursing students from a medical university were selected as the control group, and 58 graduate nursing students were selected as the experimental group. Using SCI nursing papers as the subject of discussion, the control group implemented the empirical Seminar curriculum model. The experimental group constructed and implemented the curriculum model based on the research capability structure model and the Seminar learning objectives. The effects of the intervention were evaluated using the Research Motivation Scale (RMS), the Nursing Research Self-Efficacy Scale (NURSES), the Nursing Staff Scientific Research Self-Assessment Scale (SRASES), and the Seminar Survey Questionnaire. Results? After the course, the scores of RMS total score, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation of the nursing students in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). At the end of the course, the scores of the NURSES total scores, scientific knowledge resources of the nursing students and "effect of collective research" in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). At the end of the course, the scores of the total scores and dimensions of the SRASES in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusions? The Seminar curriculum model based on SCI papers can improve the motivation, scientific research efficacy and scientific research ability of graduate nursing students to a certain extent. However, it is still necessary to further explore the curriculum model to help students avoid the motivation of scientific research failure and the understanding and application of theory.

Objective To introduce and enhance an experimental technique for intraventricular drug delivery via an implantable osmotic pump.Methods Eight-week-old male SD rats were selected and the requisite equipment and reagents were prepared.The osmotic pump was assembled and brought to operational status before conducting the implantation surgery.Following anesthesia,the rats underwent skin preparation and the upper surface of the skull was surgically exposed.A point directly above the ventricle was located using a brain stereotaxic apparatus,and a small hole was drilled at that location with a high-speed cranial drill.The pump body was then implanted subcutaneously in the neck and the needle was inserted into the drilled hole,and secured with dental cement.Once solidified,the needle base was removed,the subcutaneous soft tissue and scalp were sutured in layers,and the animal was returned to its cage for rearing in isolation.Results The osmotic pump was successfully implanted subcutaneously in the rat's neck,the needle was securely fixed to the skull,and the catheter interface remained intact.The rats were sacrificed and the brain tissue was removed.Examination of the extracted brain tissue revealed no significant hematoma around the puncture site or needle tract,and the presence of blue dye in the ventricular and adjacent tissues indicated successful drug delivery to the ventricle.Conclusions The introduction of a brain stereotaxic apparatus to aid localization,coupled with enhancements to the operational procedure,may improve the accuracy and safety of the implantation process resulting in a high success rate for intraventricular drug administration.

Objective To investigate the imaging features of dysplastic nodules with a focus of hepatocellular carcinoma ( DN-HCC ) on contrast-enhanced ultrasound ( CEUS ) and to improve the diagnostic accuracy . Methods The clinical data of 60 patients and CEUS imaging of 62 hepatic nodules [DN-HCCs , n =54 ;dysplastic nodules (DN) , n =8] pathologically proved were reviewed retrospectively . According to Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (CEUS LI-RADS) , the lesions were categorized . Results Significantly different CEUS patterns between DN-HCCs and DNs were observed ( P < 0 .05) . During the arterial phase ,54 DN-HCC lesions showed various enhancement patterns [ hypervascular ,59 .3％ ( 32/54 ) ;nodule-in-nodule ,9 .3％ ( 5/54 ) ;isovascular ,13 .0％ ( 7/54 ) and hypovascular ,18 .5％ (10/54)] . Of the 54 DN-HCC lesions ,44 .4％ (24/54) showed washout during the late phase .Of the 8 DN lesions ,62 .5％ (5/8) showed iso-enhancement during the arterial phase ,25％ (2/8) showed hypo-enhancement ,and 12 .5％ (1/8) showed hyper-enhancement . No DN lesion showed washout during the late phase .According to CEUS LI-RADS (LR) algorithm ,27 .8％ (15/54) DN-HCCs were LR-5 ,46 .3％ (25/54) DN-HCCs were LR-4 ,25 .9％ (14/54) DN-HCCs and 100％ (8/8) DNs were LR-3 . Regarding hyper-enhancement ( including local hyper-enhancement ) during the arterial phase or hypo-enhancement (including local hypo-enhancement) during the late phase as the diagnostic standard of DN-HCC , the diagnostic sensitivity , specificity and accuracy value were 83 .3％ , 87 .5％ and 83 .9％ , respectively . Conclusions The imaging features of hyper-enhancement during the arterial phase or hypo-enhancement during the late phase on CEUS are useful to diagnose DN-HCCs .