0.05). Conclusion Compound salbutamol sulfate aerosol was able to improve the symptoms of patients with asthma, and the efficacy and safety of this drug are similar to that of Combivent. The results indicated that compound salbutamol sulfate aerosol may be a safe and effective drug in the treatment of asthma.

Purpose　The source of earthworm toxin, its ingredients and the methods to take it off were studied.Methods　The irritable secretor was dialyzed, and then examined by UV-Vis spectrum instrument.The proteins was analyzed with electrophoresis. The toxicity was tested in vivo.Results　The proteins of irritable secretor 0.242mg/kg iv cause a mouse to death.Many bands were separated from the proteins with SDS-PAGE， among which two kinds were the principal. Even with different stimulus the secretor of earthworm was identical in ingredients.Conclusion　The results demonstrated that the earthworm proteins of irritable secretion had toxicity and the toxin could be removed from earthworm by adding NaCl or 40V electricity.

BACKGROUND: Ganglioside (Gls) is a kind of N-acetylneuraminatecontaining glycosphingolipid, which is abundant in neural tissues and exerts neuroprotective roles, and has been found its changes in content and composition pattern after cerebral ischemia or hypoxia diseases.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on brain gangliosides after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and explore the possible mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen treatment to ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion damage.DESIGN: Randomized-control observation.SETTING: Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic College, Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: Animal models were established at Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences (Key Laboratory of Beijing) from March to April 2002. All indexes were determined at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic College, Capital University of Medical Sciences. A total of 54 SD male rats were selected and randomly divided into 9 groups: shamoperated group; ischemia/reperfusion 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours group; and hyperbaric oxygen 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours group with 6 rats in each group.METHODS: Animal models with cerebral ischemic/reperfusion were established in the other 8 groups, except the sham-operation group. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by a four-vessel occlusion and reperfusion allowed after 20-minute ischemia. The rats in sham-operation group were operated in the same way except of arterial occlusion. The rats in the HBO group were placed in experimental animal chamber. After 5-minute wash by pure oxygen, the pressure of oxygen cabins was increased to 0.1 MPa in 5 minutes and kept stable for 45 minutes, then decreased to ambient level within 10 minutes. The rats in the HBO groups were treated once by hyperbaric oxygen at reperfusion 3, 24, 48 and 96 hours respectively; while the rats in the ischemia/reperfusion group and sham-operation group were placed in normal atmospheric environment. The rats of HBO and ischemia/reperfusion groups were killed by decapitation at the 6th, 24th, 48th and 96th hours respectively, and the brains removed quickly. Gls and its percentage content in each group were detected with high performance thin-layer chromatography plate.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total content of gangliosde in the whole brain tissue of rats and its percentage content.RESULTS: Totally 54 rats were involved in the result analysis without drop out. ①The contents of Gangliosides in HBO groups at 24 and 48 hours was significantly higher than those in sham-operation group and ischemia/reperfusion group at corresponding time phase (F=12.730,122.246,P ＜ 0.01), but there was no significant difference between ischemia/reperfusion and sham-operation groups (P ＞ 0.05). ② N-acetylneuraminosylgalactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl- (N-acetylneuraminosylα2→8- N-acetylneuraminosyl) -galactosylglucosylceramide (GT1b) proportion in the ischemia/reperfusion 24 hours group was lower markedly than that in the S-O (F=13.575,P ＜ 0.01); Both galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl- (N-acetylneuraminosyl- α2→8-N-acetylneuraminosyl) - galactosylglucosylceramide (GD1b) and galactosyl- N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminosyl)galactosylglucosylceramide (GM1) in the reperfusion 48 hours group were lower than those in the sham-operation group (F= 4.015,3.979,P ＜ 0.05); (N-acetylneuraminosyl)galactosylglucosylceramide (GM3)in ischemia/reperfusion 24 hours group was much higher than that in sham-operation and any other ischemia/reperfusion groups (F=21.450,P＜ 0.01 ); An unknown increase of GM3 was found again at the 96th hour;③GM1and GM3 proportion in the hyperbaric oxygen group was higher than that of sham-operation group at the 24th hour (F=3.970,21.450,P＜ 0.05, ＜ 0.01), and all of GD1a, GD1b and GT1b were lower than that in the sham-operation group at the same times (F= 13.575,5.745,8.783, P＜ 0.05-0.01), but GT1b was remarkably higher than that in ischemia/reperfusion group (F=8.783 ,P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The pattern of brain gangliosides changed after transient whole cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The new mechanism of neuron damage after transient whole cerebral ischemia/reperfusion might be the decreasing of GT1b, GD1b and GM1 with increasing of GM3 proportion. The hyperbaric oxygen treatment could ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion damage by increasing total gangliosides content and GM1 proportion and accelerating GT1b restoration to normal level. It is unknown that the effect of percentage content of GD1a and GD1b decreased.

OBJECTIVETo explore the neuro-protective effect and mechanism of qingkailing injection (QKL) against cerebral injury caused by E. coli-meningitis (CM).

METHODSThe CM model rabbits were treated by ampicillin with QKL as adjuvant. The leukocyte count and protein content in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), the contents of water, sodium, potassium and calcium in cerebral tissues were measured before, 16 h and 26 h after Bacillus coli injection respectively. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was determined at the same time.

RESULTSAdjunctive treatment with QKL can not only inhibit the increase of leukocyte cells, protein content in CSF, and water, sodium, calcium content in cerebral tissues, but also the decrease of potassium content revealed during simple antibiotic treatment. It also can decrease the expression of MMP-9 in cerebral tissues of rabbits with CM.

CONCLUSIONAs an adjunctive treatment, QKL can prevent transient inflammatory reaction and aggravation of brain injury in CM induced by simple antibiotic treatment, its mechanisms might relate with calcium antagonism and attenuation of MMP-9 expression in brain tissues.

Ampicillin ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Brain ; metabolism ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Injections ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; biosynthesis ; Meningitis, Escherichia coli ; drug therapy ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Rabbits

BACKGROUND: With social development, the average life span is prolonged. The issue of aging has increasingly attracted people's attention. It is necessary to promote the health status and the guality of life of the elderly..OBJECTIVE: To understand the status and distribution features of several common diseases which influence the quality of life of elderly.DESIGN: Random cluster sampling methods and a cross-section survey.SETTING: Beijing Institute of Geriatrics of Beijing Hospital.PARTICIPANTS:Totally 1 558 old people aged ≥60 years living in 10 communities affiliated to Jianguomen district office of the Eastern District of Beijing City,and 8 villages affiliated to Xiangyang and Henan Villagers'Commissions of Shunyi County of Beijing from May 1997 and October 1997 were recruited.In fact,1 434 persons responded,with a response rate being 92％,319 males and 498 females came from the city;242 males and 375 females came from the villages.METHODS:Questionnaires were filled up,and physical examinations were conducted in all the elderly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The 6 common diseases were observed among the elderly: Hyperplasia of prostate, abnormal audition, cartaract ,osteoarthritis, fracture and constipation.RESULTS:Totally 1434 elderly entered the stage of result analysis.①The incidence of hyperplasia of prostate in the males from the urban areas was lower than that in the rural areas (61.4％,65.7％, P ＜ 0.01 ). ② The incidence of abnormal audition among the elderly from the urban areas was lower than that in the rural areas (53.9％,64.7％,P ＜ 0.01).③ The incidence of cataract of the two eyes in the elderly from the urban areas was higher than that in the rural areas(46.4％,44.4％, P ＜ 0.01). ④ The incidence of osteoarthropathy in the elderly from the urban areas was higher than that in the rural areas (24.4％,14.9, P ＜ 0.01). ⑤ The incidence of fracture in the elderly from the urban areas was higher than that in the rural areas (14.2％,9.1％, P ＜ 0.05). ⑥ The incidence of constipation of the elderly in urban areas was lower than that in the rural areas(18.2％,23.0％,P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:There is a difference between the elderly from the urban areas and the rural areas in hyperplasis of prostate,abnormal audition, cataract, osteoarthropathy, fracture and constipation, and this is related with the economy, nutrition, medical conditions and cultural traits.Therefore, attention should be attached to nutrition and health knowledge of the elderly and prevention and treatment of common diseases among the elderly people.