Ideological and political education is an important means to effectively respond to public health emergencies. In response to the huge impact of major public health emergencies on people’s emotions and ideological cognition, this paper combined the relevant theories of emergency ideological and political education and integrated the mission and tasks of responding to major public health emergencies and ideological and political education, so as to improve the pertinence of emergency ideological and political education. This paper elaborated the concepts of major public health emergencies and emergency ideological and political education, introduced the research basis of emergency ideological and political education, focused on exploring the basic characteristics, development criteria, and value pursuit of emergency ideological and political education in major public health emergencies, and prospected the development direction of emergency ideological and political education in the new era.