Objective To observe normal range based on normal adult echocardiography with data mining retrospectively.Methods Analyzed the echocardiography data of 15 553 patients who came to Peking university People's Hospital from Nov 2012 to Nov 2014 without obvious abnormalities of cardiac structure and function.The reference range of 15 parameters were calculated and analyzed in correlation with gender,age and other factors for each group.Results The reference ranges of basic measurement parameters in two-dimensional echocardiography:main pulmonary artery diameter(MPA) (2.14 ± 0.22)cm,diameter of ascending aorta (asc Aorta) (2.87 ± 0.35) cm;The reference ranges of basic measurement parameters in M-mode echocardiography:aortic root diameter (Ao root diam) (2.82 ± 0.35) cm,left atrial dimension (LA dimension) (3.14 ± 0.37) cm,interventricular septal end-diastole thickness (Ⅳsd) (0.86 ±0.12)cm,left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (LVIDd)(4.67 ± 0.41)cm,left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole (LVIDs) (2.83 ± 0.34) cm,left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic thickness(LVPWd) (0.85 ± 0.12) cm,end diastolic volume (EDV) (101.21 ± 19.83) ml,end-systole volume (ESV) (31.09 ± 9.07) ml,ejection fraction (EF) (69.55 ± 5.70) ％;The reference ranges of basic measurement parameters in pulsed doppler echocardiography:mitral A wave velocity (MVA) (73.14 ±16.42) cm/s,mitral E wave velocity(MVE) (84.18 ± 16.17) cm/s,E/A (1.21 ± 0.35),aortic peak velocity (Ao V2 max) (124.95 ± 19.87) cm/s.The measured parameters of males were higher than those of females and value of measured was increased with age for example measured parameters in LVIDd (r =0.225,P =0.00),IVSd(r =0.216,P =0.00),LA dimension (r =0.231,P =0.00) and E/A(r =0.212,P =0.00),with age were positive correlated.The range of 15 parameters in this study and the ASE 2015 guide are similar but have slightly different,such as this research shows that men's left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (4.77 ±0.41) cm,the ASE recommend (5.02 ±0.41) cm which is smaller than the result of this study.And this study for women (4.60 ± 0.40) cm is higher than the ASE recommended (4.50 + 0.36)cm.Conclusions Based on preliminary analysis of large data from normal adult echocardiography,the rang of measured values could be used as a normal reference value of echocardiographyfor routine practice in China.

Objective To observe the effect of Wenpishen Nuanganwei Recipes(WPSNGWR)on insulin resistance(IR)and low rank inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Method 80 patients with T2DM were selected and randomly divided into the treatment group(n=40)and the control group(n=40).Patients attended to the education courses for diabetes and were treated with hypoglycemic agent in routine and reasonable diet.To those patients in the treatment group,WPSNGWR decoction was given additionally with one dose taken twice per day,a treatment course for a month,totally for 2 courses.Parameters as fasting blood glucose(FBG),postprandial 2 hours blood glucose(P2HBG),fasting insulin(FINS),C-reactive protein(CRP)before and after treatment were measured,and insulin sensitive index(ISI)was calculated.Results After 2 months of treatment,the serum level of FBG and P2HBG lowered in both groups(P

AIM: To study the effects of taurine on ATP sensitive potassium channel (IK_~-ATP ) during hypoxia in single ventricular myocyte. METHODS: The model of myocardial hypoxia was induced by unmixed and saturated nitrogen. IK_~-ATP activities were measured by whole-cell patch clamp recording. RESULTS: Activities of IK_~-ATP in the cell membrane of hypoxia ventricular myocyte significantly increased, compared to that in the normal. Extracellular injection of taurine (5,10,20 mmol/L) inhibited the increase in the IK_~-ATP activity in the hypoxia myocardium in a concentration-depend manner. Injection of taurine also recovered shorten APD during hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS: Taurine produces its cardioprotective effect by inhibiting the activity of IK_~-ATP in the hypoxia cardiomycytes of guinea pig. The results suggest that the depletion of taurine during myocardial hypoxia contributes to the early activation of the K_~ATP channel. [

Objective: The present study is to observe and compare the different effects of electroacupuncture(EA) at acupoint Neiguan (PC 6), intravenous administration of L-arginine(L-Arg, a precursor of nitric oxide), and the drug administration combined with the EA on acute myocardial ischemia(AMI) in rats. Methods: The rat model of AMI was established by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery, then the animals were divided randomly into 5 groups,i.e. control group, AMI group, L-Arg treatment group, EA treatment group and L-Arg plus EA treatment group, the mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate(HR) and the cardiac functions were observed and recorded. Results: The data showed that MAP, HR and all the indices of cardiac functions in the AMI group were significantly lower than those in control group, and the indices in each treatment group were all improved to different extents, especially in L-Arg plus EA treatment group. Conclusion: The combined use of L-Arg and EA had the better therapeutic effect on the AMI.

AIM:To explore the effect of homocysteine (Hcy)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes.METHODS: HepG2 cells used in the study were treated with 5 mmol/L Hcy. The concentrations of Hcy, triglycerides (TGE) and cholesterol (CHO) in the cells were measured. In high methionine diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia C57BL/6 mice, the concentrations of TGE and CHO in hepatocytes were analyzed. The mRNAs and proteins expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP-78) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP-1) were also assessed.RESULTS: The concentrations of Hcy and lipids (TGE, CHO) in HepG2 cells at different time point were elevated after treated with 5 mmol/L Hcy (P0.05,vs 0 week). The mRNAs and proteins expressions of GRP-78 and SREBP-1 in mice at different time point after high methionine diet were higher than that at 0 week (P

Objective To explore the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1C (SREBP-1C) and glucose-regulated protein 94(GRP-94)in hyperhomocysteinmia and to evaluate the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins on hepatocytes lipids metabolism. Methods After hyperhomocysteinmia C57BL/6 mice model being induced by high methionine diet, TGE and CHO of Hepatocytes were determined, and the expression of SREBP-1C and GRP-94 was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. All data were compared to those in control group′s. Results The level of plasmic homocysteine(Hcy) and hepatocytes TGE or CHO of high methionine diet mice at different time point significantly ascended(P

Objective To explore the value and methods of echocardiographic application in percutaneous left atrial appendage(LAA) closure for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.Methods 6 male patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were enrolled for percutaneous LAA closure,the mean age was (68.7 ± 5.6) years old,the mean CHADS2 (congestive heart failure,hypertension,age≥75 years,diabetes mellitus,and prior stroke or transient ischemic attacks) score was 3.2 ± 1.0.Rheumatic valvular diseases were excluded by transthoracic eehocardiography(TTE) before closure procedure.Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) was performed to guide the punctures of the atrial septum and then monitored the operation all through the closure procedure.Diameter of LAA orifice was measure by TEE to help choosing the closure device.Immediate results of closure and complications were inspected by TEE simultaneously.24 hours,7 days,3 months,6 months and 1 year follow-up were performed using TTE.Results All the 6 patients underwent LAA closure successfully.3 LAmbre(Lifetech Scientific,Shenzhen) devices and 3 Watchman(Boston Scientific,Natick,Massachusetts) devices were implanted respectively in the 6 patients.Mean diameter of the LAA orifice was (22.4 ± 3.3)mm,and mean size of the closure devices was (28.0 ± 2.9) mm.2 mm in width residual flow at the inferior edge of closure device existed in 1 ease.No complication was observed.Post-procedure 24 hours and 7 days post-procedure followup showed optimal results in all cases.Conclusions Implantation of both LAA closure devices can be performed with high success rates in patients with nonvalvula ratrial fibrillation,with high risk for stroke,and who either had contraindication or were not willing to accept oral antieoagulation.Echocardiography plays a core role all through the closure procedure and can make it safer and more efficient.

Objective To analyze the changing rules of schistosomiasis endemic situation before and after reaching the crite-ria of schistosomiasis transmission controlled or transmission interrupted in Zhejiang Province,so as to provide scientific evi-dence for schistosomiasis contro1. Methods Xiuzhou District and Zhuji City were selected and investigated retrospectively to collect schistosomiasis epidemiological information 10 years before they reached the criteria of transmission controlled and the subsequent years until 2008. The database of retrospective investigation was established for analyzing the trends and rules of changes of Oncomelania hupensis snail status and schistosome infection status of cattle and human. Results The snail status and schistosome infection kept a steady declining before reaching the criteria of transmission controlled ,and there were positive correlations between the area of living snails and the infection rates of human and animal in two places(rhuman=0.764,P<0.01, rcatl e=0.709,P<0.01;rhuma=0.775,P<0.01,rcatl e=0.676,P<0.01);No local infection person and animal except residual snails, and found 7 cases of imported infection source were found after reaching the transmission interruption. Conclusion The epi-demic status of schistosomiasis in zhejiang is stable after reaching the criteria of transmission interruption ,and residual snail are easy to re-found and spread under some certain conditions,and some imported cases were found sometimes,which may in-crease the risks for re - emergence of schistosomiasis. The integrated solidification strategy with emphasis on control of residu-al snails and imported cases should be taken in the areas of transmission interruption in the future.

Objective To explore the effect of prevention and treatment of external application of Algoplaque for controlling phlebitis caused by peripheral indewelling needle in vein for patients. Methods This research was divided into two parts,prevention and treatment. As for prevention research,patients were randomly divided into the experimental and the control groups,each group included 30 patients. In the experimental group,we applied directly external application of Algoplaque at the upper of needle puncture site of the vein and nearby the eye. In the control group,we applied the film directly to fix the indwelling needle. As for the treatment research, it was carried out in patients with occurred phlebitis, who were randomly divided into two groups,the experimental group included 30 cases of patients and the control group included 28 cases of patients. Observation time was one to five days. Results The incidence of phlebitis in the experimental group of prevention research was 23%, in the control group it was 90%. The incidence of phlebitis in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The effective rate in the experimental group of treatment research was 96.7% and it was 67.9% in the control group. The difference was very significant. Conclusions External application of Algoplaque can effectively control phlebitis caused by peripheral indewelling needle in vein.

Objective To validate the clinical effect of evidence-based nursing on early rehablilitation of patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing PTCA and intracoronary stenting. Methods 47 patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing PTCA and intracoronary stenting were divided into the nursing group(24 cases)and the control group(23 cases).The nursing group received nursing with evidence-based nursing pattern while the control adopted routine nursing method. The nursing effect in the two groups was compared in the following aspects such as the incidence rate of adverse effect,average hospitalization days, athletic ability and psychological status. Results The incidenece rate of adverse effect Was lower(P＜0.05)and the average hospitalization days were shorter(P＜0.01)than those of the control group with addition of cardiovascular complications(P＞0.05).The athletic ability and psychological status were also superior to those of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Application of evidence-based nursing could hasten the rehabilitative process of patients undergoing PTCA and intracoronary stenting.