Objective To explore the significance of gene mutations of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) C677T,cystathionine ?-synthase(CBS)844ins68,T27796C and methionine synthase (MS A2756G) in the development of brain stroke. Methods There were no obvious differences in age and sex among the four groups. The plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels of 78 patients with cerebral infarction, 26 patients with cerebral hemorrhage, 29 patients with other neurological diseases and 50 healthy control elders were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Moreover,the genotypes of MTHFRC677T, CBS844ins68, CBST27796C and MSA2756G were detected by PCR-RFLP in four groups. Results The mean plasma Hcy levels in cerebral infarction or in cerebral hemorrhage was significantly higher than those in other neurological diseases or in healthy control elders. The prevalences of CBS 844ins68 and MS A2756G in the cohort studies were obviously lower than those in Caucasian populations. The plasma Hcy level in C677T homozygote mutation was higher than that in wild type or heterozygote. However,heterozygote mutation of CBS T27796C gene reduced Hcy concentration. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of MTHFR,CBS and MS mutations among four groups. Conclusions Hcy might be associated with brain stroke. Moreover,the prevalences of gene mutations of CBS 844ins68 and MS A2756G might vary with different ethnic groups or geographic regions. The homozygosity of MTHFR C677T might contribute to the increase of total plasma Hcy, and CBS T27796C gene heterozygote mutation might lower the raised total Hcy. In addition, four gene mutations are consistent with the law of heredity balance.

Objective To investigate the rehabilitation needs and technical support for people with disabilities in rural areas. Methods From October, 2017 to February, 2018, 800 persons with disabilities, aged five to 80 years, from 23 villages in five township, Xi'an, Shaanxi, were surveyed with self-designed questionnaire and interview, including the basic situation, disability and training plan, rehabilitation support and skills maintained. Results The persons were mainly aged 50 to 80 years (58.37%), male (65.37%), accepting middle school education or less (46.63%), married (70.63%), living with their family (77.38%), income less than 2000 Yuan (66%), mainly from their family labor (62.62%). Their disabilities were mainly of grade 3 (40.63%), from hemiplegia (30.63%), dependence in living (45.38%), and no systematic rehabilitation program (55.25%). Most of them needed rehabilitation of self-care (40%), accessible guidance (30.63%) and reimbursement from medicare of Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (50.63%), and hoped to participate social activities (41.87%). The rehabilitation supports were as that: the rehabilitation services were mobile or none (67.58%), the guiders of rehabilitation were few or none (48.88%), knew some or less rehabilitation knowledge (64.25%), the professionals accepted no continue education training (40%).Conclusion It is important to improve the rehabilitation technical support system for rural people with disabilities.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the concentration of air pollutants (PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂) and the number of outpatient and emergency visits for pediatric respiratory diseases in a general hospital in Shanghai. Methods Data including pediatric respiratory disease outpatient and emergency visits in a hospital in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from May 1, 2013 to March 20, 2022 were collected. Daily concentration of air pollutants including PM₁₀, SO₂ and NO₂ and meteorological data in Pudong New Area during the same period were collected. A case-crossover study with distributed lag non-linear model was conducted to explore the correlation between air pollutants (PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂) and the number of outpatient and emergency visits for pediatric respiratory diseases. Results The concentrations of PM₁₀, SO₂ and NO₂ were positively with the number of outpatient and emergency visits for pediatric respiratory diseases. The strongest cumulative effect was observed on six days lag (Lag0-5) for PM₁₀. For a 10 μg/m³ increase of the concentrations of PM₁₀, the corresponding increase of cumulative pediatric respiratory disease outpatients was 1.10% (95%CI:0.97%, 1.23%) in Lag0-5. The strongest cumulative effect was observed on eight days lag (Lag0-7) for SO₂ and NO₂. For a 10 μg /m³ increase of the concentrations of SO₂ and NO₂, the corresponding increase of cumulative pediatric respiratory disease outpatients was 5.64% (95%CI:5.16%, 6.13%) and 5.41% (95%CI:5.15%, 5.66%) in Lag 0-7, respectively. The association of PM₁₀ and SO₂ with the number of pediatric respiratory disease visits in males was significantly stronger than that in females. The impact of PM₁₀ on the number of pediatric respiratory disease visits in children aged 0-6 was higher than that in children aged 7-14, while the impact of SO₂ and NO₂ on the number of pediatric respiratory disease visits in children aged 7-14 was higher than that in children aged 0-6. Conclusion The concentration of ambient PM₁₀, SO₂, and NO₂ is positively correlated with outpatient and emergency visits for pediatric respiratory diseases, with obvious lag and cumulative effect. Boys and children aged 0-6 are more susceptible to the hazard of air pollution.