BACKGROUND: Type Ⅱ collagen has been used as the carrier for chondrocyte transplantation in animal models, but whether type Ⅱ collagen may cause arthritis or mediate cytotoxicity remains unknown.OBJECTIVE: To detect the cellular immune functions of the New Zealand rabbits immunized by porcine type Ⅱ collagen.DESIGN: An exploratory comparative study based on the observations.SETTING: An institute of trauma surgery of a municipal hospital.MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Institute of Trauma Surgery,Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital from August 1999 to February 2000. Six New Zealand rabbits, whose body mass ranged from 2.0 kg to 3.0 kg, were chosen of either gender.METHODS: The rabbits were immunized by porcine type Ⅱ collagen for 60days, during which the plasma was regularly taken for detection of type Ⅱ collagen antibody. On the 60th day, the peripheral blood as well as the spleens and lymph nodes were taken to separate the lymphocytes, which were subjected to secondary stimulation with type Ⅱ collagen in vitro to observe the reactive cell proliferation. The lymphocytes were randomly divided into two groups, and the first group was treated with phytohemagglutinin(PHA) of different concentrations to serve as the positive control, in which non-specific immunity was examined; The second group was treated with type Ⅱ collagen of different concentrations for examining specific immunity.peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal and immunized rabbits.RESULTS: On the 21st day, the titer of the antibody presented the first peak, and 40 days after the re-injection of the antigen the second peak appeared, which maintained for 20 days and then gradually descended. The lymphocytes of the normal rabbits proliferated in response to PHA stimulation but not to the first stimulation with the type Ⅱ collagen. The lymphocytes of the immunized rabbits exhibited significant proliferation upon stimulations with both PHA and type Ⅱ collagen. At the concentration of 25 mg/L, type Ⅱ collagen stimulation was sufficient to induce lymphocyte proliferation, the peak of which occurred when the collagen concentration reached 50 mg/L.CONCLUSION: Xenogenic type Ⅱ collagen at an adequate concentration may induce the increase of the type Ⅱ collagen antibody in immunized rabbits and proliferation of lymphocytes of the spleens and peripheral blood to cause cellular immune reaction and even immunological arthritis in relation to the transplantation.

OBJECTIVETo analyze a girl with moderate mental retardation and speech and language disorders with cytogenetics technique and next-generation sequencing (NGS).

METHODSG-banding chromosome analysis was used to ascertain the karyotype of the child and her parents, and NGS was used for determining the size and origin of the abnormal chromosome fragment. Mate-pair and PCR were used to determine its parental origin.

RESULTSThe karyotype of the child was determined to be 46,XX,add(1)(q44)dn, while her parents were both normal. NGS revealed that the child has harbored a partial trisomy of 6q24.3-q27, and the breakpoint was mapped to at 6q24.3q27. In addition, a 2.5 Mb microdeletion at 1q44 was found in the patient.

CONCLUSIONNo recognizable phenotype was associated with 1q44 deletion. The abnormal phenotypes presented by the child may be attributed to the 6q24.3-q27 triplication. Compared with conventional cytogenetic analysis, NGS has a much higher resolution and great accuracy.

Adult ; Child ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosome Disorders ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Intellectual Disability ; genetics ; Male ; Monosomy ; genetics ; Trisomy ; genetics

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological characterization of primary esophageal benign tumor (EBT). Methods:A total of 1,058 EBTs were enrolled from 500,000 cases in an esophageal and cardiac tumor biological sample and clinical information data-base of Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research (1973-2015) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. SPSS 21.0 software was applied for data analysis. Results:In this database, 1,058 cases with primary EBTs among the 249,246 esopha-geal tumor patients with detailed clinical and pathological information were identified with an incidence of 0.42%(1,058/249,246). A total of 544 patients were male with an average age of 50±11 years old, whereas 514 patients were female, with an average age of 52± 11 years old. Among the 10 types of EBTs, leiomyoma was the most common type (84.50%, 894/1,058), followed by papilloma (6.90%, 73/1058). Adenoma (0.38%, 4/1,058) was the rarest type. Leiomyoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and neurofibroma mainly oc-curred in male patients. By contrast, lipoma, granulosa cell tumor, schwannoma, and hemangioma mainly occurred in female patients.All five cases of hamartoma occurred only in female patients. Given the incidence of≥50%as the common standard, the common EBT in sequence in young male patients was leiomyoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor, whereas that in young female patients was granulosa cell tumor and lipoma. The common EBT in sequence in older male patients was papilloma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and leiomyoma, whereas that in older female patients was schwannoma, papilloma, leiomyoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and hamartoma. Additionally, lipoma, hemangioma, neurofibroma, and adenoma in male patients and neurofibroma in female patients oc-curred in older patients. The different ages of patients with EBTs (P=0.034) and leiomyoma (P=0.004) had a statistical significance. In these EBTs, leiomyoma, papilloma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and schwannoma mainly occurred in the middle esophagus, where-as lipoma mainly occurred in the lower esophagus. The major treatment for EBT in the present study was surgery (57.54%, 492/855), which was followed by endoscopic resection (38.01%, 325/855) and others (4.45%, 38/855). Conclusion:The incidence of EBT is low, with a couple of different histological types. Gender, age, and predilection sites are different depending on the histological types of EBTs. Surgery and endoscopic resection are the major treatment methods.

To detect the cellular immunity state of New Zealand white rabbit immunized by pig type II collagen. The New Zealand white rabbit was immunized by type II collagen for sixty days. The plasma was collected at a regular interval and the anti-type II collagen antibodies were examined. At the sixtieth day, the peripheral circular lymphocytes and the lymphocytes separated from spleen cells of rabbit and lymph nodes were collected and were stimulated by type II collagen in vivo again. The regulation of reactive cellular proliferation caused by the stimulation was detected. The experiment samples were divided into two groups. The first group was the positive control group by adding different concentrations of PHA and the non-specific immunity was assayed. The different concentrations of type II collagen were added to the second group and the specific immunity was assayed. The lymphocytes of normal rabbits showed proliferation by PHA stimulation but no proliferation by the first stimulation of type II collagen. Obvious proliferation due to the stimulation of both PHA and type II collagen in the immunized rabbit were observed. It shows that certain concentration of heterogeneous collagen may cause an increase of anti-type II collagen antibody in immunized rabbit and may cause a proliferation of lymphocytes in rabbit spleen and peripheral blood. The heterogeneous type II collagen causes cellular immunity in vivo.
Animals ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Collagen Type II ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; Histocompatibility Antigens ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; Male ; Rabbits ; Spleen ; cytology ; Swine ; Transplantation, Heterologous