10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.004

AIMTo study effects of genistein and daidzein on chole sterol levels in serum of ovariectomized rats. METHODS70 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: control group, model group, estrogen g roup, genistein groups of high dose and low dose, daidzein groups of high dose a nd low dose with 10 rats in each group. All rats were ovariectomized except for that of the control group. One week after operation, the soyisoflavones were ad ministrated with different dose of genestein and daidzein for 6 weeks. Six weeks after operation, the rats were killed, with serum and liver taken, and the leve ls of total serum cholesterol (sTC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL- C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total liver homogenate ch olesterol (hTC), were measured. RESULTSThe level of sTC, hTC, LDL-C in serum of ovariectomized rats of model group increased significantly, c ompared with control group. Eestrogen reduced the levels of sTC, hTC and LDL-C, but had no effects on the levels of the HDL-C. Genistein reduced the levels of sTC, hTC and increased the level of the HDL-C, but had no effect on that of LD L-C. Daidzein reduced the levels of sTC, hTC, LDL-C, but had no effect on the level of the HDL-C. CONCLUSIONGenistein and daidzein suppressed the increase of cholesterol levels of serum in ovariectomized rats through deff erent pathways. The effect of daidzein on serum cholesterol level of rats is mor e potent than that of genistein.veloftheHDL C .CONCLUSION　Genistein

BACKGROUND:The effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on osteoclast-induced bone resorption is controversial and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Most of the studies indicate that AGEs can enhance bone resorption, while some othersshowthe opposite effects.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of AGEs on osteoclast-induced inorganicmatrixdissolution and organic componentdegradation and the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS:RAW 264.7 cels were induced to generate osteoclasts,and AGEs (50-400 μg/mL) or control-bovine serum albumin (100 μg/mL) was added since the beginning of the induction. The effect of AGEs on bone resorption was evaluated by analyzing the area of resorption pits on the Osteo Assay Surface plates and the expression of cathepsin K. Furthermore, the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cels, nuclei per osteoclasts and the expression of integrinανβ3were detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The area of resorption pits and expression of cathepsin K in AGEs groups were significantly decreased compared withthecontrol group, and this inhibiting effect became more obvious with the increase of AGEs concentration. TRAP staining also showed that number of TRAP-positivemultinucleated celsand nuclei per osteoclast were significantly reduced in an AGE dose-dependent manner. Quantitative PCR revealed that the expression of integrin ανβ3decreased significantly with the extension of AGEs incubation time. These data indicate that AGEs can exert inhibitory effects on organic and inorganicmatrixdegradation induced by osteoclasts. The underlying mechanism may be involved in the inhibitory effects of AGEs on directed differentiation and cel fusion of osteoclast precursor cels, and migration and adhension of osteoclasts.

Objective To explore the implementation effect of nurses′ hierarchical training plan based on training outline and nurses′ needs. Methods Nurses′ hierarchical training outline was established in accordance with three theoretical training modules(humanistic accomplishment, professional competence, career planning/development) as well as three skill training modules(basic nursing skills, specialist nursing skills and first aid nursing skills); the training needs of nurses were investigated by adopting a self-made Training Needs Questionnaire, then the hierarchical training plan was developed based on the training outline and nurses′ training needs. Results There were some differences in the training needs of different levels of nurses in the fields of clinical knowledge and skills,nursing management, nursing education, scientific research and new nursing guidelines and progress(F=2.80-22.47,P<0.05 or 0.01). Before the implementation of nurses′ hierarchical training plan based on training outline and nurses′ needs, nurses′ satisfaction about training, theoretical examination result, clinical working ability and patients′satisfaction towards nursing were 89.06%(228/256),94.80%(1 185/1 250), 96.63%(1 060/1 097) and 95.35%(5 470/5 737), respectively. Then, after the implementation, the corresponding values got improved into 96.76%(239/247), 97.44%(1 297/1 331), 98.75%(1 106/1 120) and 99.22%(6 070/6 118),which were statistically significant(χ2=11.11-176.27,P<0.01). Conclusion Integrating nurses′hierarchical training outline with the training needs helps to provide targeted hierarchical training so as to improve the professional quality of nurses and the patients′satisfaction towards nursing.

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cross-sectional study. PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk factors associated with the severity of pain intensity in patients with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) in Southern China. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of activity limitation and work absence throughout the world, so a firm understanding of the risk factor associated with NSLBP can provide early and prompt interventions that are aimed at attaining long-term results. METHODS: Participants were recruited from January 2014 to January 2016 and were surveyed using a self-designed questionnaire. Anonymous assessments included Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The association between the severity of NSLBP and these potential risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 1,046 NSLBP patients were enrolled. The patients with primary school education, high body mass index (BMI), those exposed to sustained durations of driving and sitting, smoking, recurrent LBP had increased VAS and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores with lower SF-36 scores (p<0.01). Workers and drivers compared with waiters and patients who lifted >10 kg objects in a quarter of their work time for >10 years had higher VAS and ODI scores with lower SF-36 scores (p<0.01). Multiple logistic regression showed lower levels of education, LBP for 1–7 days, long-lasting LBP in last year, smoking, long duration driving, and higher BMI were associated with more severe VAS score. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of NSLBP is associated with lower levels of education, poor standards of living, heavy physical labor, long duration driving, and sedentary lifestyle. Patients with recurrent NSLBP have more severe pain. Reducing rates of obesity, the duration of heavy physical work, driving or riding, and attenuating the prevalence of sedentary lifestyles and smoking may reduce the prevalence of NSLBP.
Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Body Mass Index ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Low Back Pain ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Smoke ; Smoking

Prostate cancer is one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. Although the incidence of prostate cancer in China is lower than that of European and American countries, it shows a trend of significant increase year by year. At the same time, the high proportion of advanced prostate cancer patients in China at the time of diagnosis has seriously affected the treatment effect. In recent years, with the joint efforts of the majority of Chinese medical staff, there has made great progress in the early screening, early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. This article reviews and summarizes the progress in health screening and early treatment of prostate cancer in China in recent years to provide a basis for early clinical diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.