Objective To analyze the anatomic changes and dosimetric variations of patients with head-and-neck cancer during intensity-modulated radiotherapy and to assess the necessity of re-planning the treatment course.Methods Twenty-one nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were selected to receive the second CT scan in the course of intensity-modulated radiotherapy,targets and organs at risk were re-contoured on the new CT images with the help of deformable registration software.Actual dose distribution delivered by the original treatment plan was calculated on the second CT image,and then the volume and doses of targets and organs at risk were compared between the planning CT and second CT.Results The volume of patient's head-and-neck outlines and GTVnd decreased significantly,the volume of cord and brainstem didn't change much,while the volume of left and right parotids decreased significantly by (24.23 ± 12.15)％ and (25.82± 10.46)％,respectively.The parameters D95％ and Dmean of PGTVnx kept stable,but the parameters D1cc of spinal cord PRV and brainstem PRV increased by (8.12± 10.32)％ and (14.60±18.85)％ respectively.The mean dose of the left and right parotids increased significantly by (27.43±17.67)％ and (26.76±12.46)％,respectively.Conclusion The anatomical changes of patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy will cause significant dosimetric variations of the cord,brainstem and parotids,so it's meaningful and necessary to re-design the treatment plan in the course of radiotherapy.Repeat CT imaging and replanning during the course of IMRT is essential to ensure adequate doses to target volumes and safe doses to normal tissue.

OBJECTIVETo compare the constituents of the volatile oil in Cinnamomum migao from different regions of southwest in China in order to evaluate the quality of C. migao.

METHODGC-MS was employed to analyze the constituents of the volatile oil in C. migao.

RESULTThe volatile oil compositions of C. migao collected from 27 of cultivation regions were obviously different. Based on the chemical differences of the volatile oil compositions, C. migao was divided into four chemotype, they were eucalyptol, eucalyptol -cyclohexene, eucalyptol -alpha-terpineol, and eucalyptol -sabinene. The eucalyptol-type was cultivated in Luodian, guizhou province and Funing regions, Yunan province. The eucalyptol-cyclohexene-type was cultivated in Zhengfeng and Wangmo regions, Guizhou province. The type of eucalyptol, eucalyptol -sabinene and eucalyptol -alpha-terpineol were cultivated in Ceheng and Libo regions, Guizhou province.

CONCLUSIONCombined with the geographical distribution, It is indicated that the volatile oil compositions in fruit of C. migao may have some relations to the specie itself characteristics and different elevations environment.

Cinnamomum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis

Cytoplasmic processing bodies, termed P bodies, are involved in diverse post-transcriptional processes including mRNA decay, nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD), RNAi, miRNA-mediated translational repression and storage of translationally silenced mRNAs. Regulation of the formation of P bodies in the context of multicellular organisms is poorly understood. Here we describe a systematic RNAi screen in C. elegans that identified 224 genes with diverse cellular functions whose inactivations result in a dramatic increase in the number of P bodies. 83 of these genes form a complex functional interaction network regulating NMD. We demonstrate that NMD interfaces with many cellular processes including translation, ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, intracellular trafficking and cytoskeleton structure.We also uncover an extensive link between translation and RNAi, with different steps in protein synthesis appearing to have distinct effects on RNAi efficiency. Moreover, the intracellular vesicular trafficking network plays an important role in the regulation of RNAi. A subset of genes enhancing P body formation also regulate the formation of stress granules in C. elegans. Our study offers insights into the cellular mechanisms that regulate the formation of P bodies and also provides a framework for system-level understanding of NMD and RNAi in the context of the development of multicellular organisms.
Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; genetics ; Cytoplasmic Structures ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Helminth ; Genome, Helminth ; genetics ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay ; physiology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Helminth ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of anemia in patients diagnosed with extranodal nasal-type natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL).Methods Clinical data of 1 225 NKTCL patients receiving the first course of treatment from 10 medical institutions in China were retrospectively analyzed.According to the diagnostic criteria in China,anemia was defined as the hemoglobin (Hb) level＜ 120 g/L for the male and＜ 110 g/L for the female from the sea-level area.The severity of anemia was classified into the extremely severe anemia (Hb ≤ 30 g/L),severe anemia (31-60 g/L),moderate anemia (61-90 g/L) and mild anemia (＞90 g/L).Results Among 1 225 patients,199(16.2％) were complicated with anemia,who had more adverse prognostic factors compared with their counterparts without anemia.Among NKTCL patients with anemia,the proportion of patients with stage Ⅱ-ⅣV,a median age＞ anemia,Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of 2-4 and NK/T-cell lymphoma prognostic index (NKTCLPI) ≥ 2 was relatively high.Patients with anemia obtained worse clinical prognosis than those without anemia.The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in NKTCL patients with anemia were calculated as 49.4％ and 35.4％,significantly lower compared with 63.3％ and 56.0％ in their counterparts without anemia (both P＜0.01).Single factor analysis demonstrated that anemia,age,ECOG score,group B symptom,lactate dehydrogenase,primary tumor site,primary tumor invasion and staging were the prognostic factors of OS and PFS.Multivariate analysis revealed that anemia was still the independent prognostic factor.Conclusions Anemia is not common in patients with NKTCL and these patients obtain poor clinical prognosis.Anemia is an independent prognostic factor for patients with NKTCL.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of extra-nodal nasal NK/T cell lymphoma originated from the larynx. Methods Clinical data of 15 cases of extra-nodal nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma originated from the larynx were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival ( OS ) and progression-free survival ( PFS) were calculated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The effect of different clinical factors on the clinical prognosis was assessed by univariate analysis. Results Among 15 patients,13 cases were male and 2 female. The median age of onset was 40 years. In 8 cases,the lesions were confined to the larynx,and only 4 cases suffered from cervical lymph node involvement. According to Ann Abor staging, 11 cases were classified as grade I,3 as gradeⅡand 1 as gradeⅢ.The median OS was 28. 0 months and the 5-year OS was 32. 0％.The median PFS was 24. 7 months and the 5-year PFS was 33. 3％.Among 14 patients with stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ,the clinical prognosis of patients receiving combined chemo-radiotherapy was significantly better than those of their counterparts undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone ( median OS:37. 2 vs. 11. 2 vs.3. 7 months,P=0. 004) . Conclusion Extra-nodal nasal NK/T cell lymphoma originated from the larynx is extremely rare, predominantly in middle-aged male patients. The general condition is relatively favorable. Patients present with multiple lesions in the early stage and relatively poor prognosis. The clinical efficacy of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy is probably higher compared with that of radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone.

Objective To evaluate the performance of progressive optimization algorithm-based Auto-Planning module in automated volumetric-modulated arc therapy(VMAT)planning for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Thirteen treated VMAT plans of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were re-planed with Auto-Planning module. Only one cycle of automated optimization of the Auto-Planning module was performed for each plan without any manual intervention. The dosimetric parameters of the automated treatment plans were compared with those of the manual plans. Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. The time required for automated planning using the Auto-Planning module was also measured. Results All plans generated with the Auto-Planning module met the routine dosimetric requirements and were acceptable for clinical use. The homogeneity index of targets was superior in the automated plans than in manual plans(P= 0.000).In addition,the automated plans had significantly improved protection for some organs at risk than the manual plans. The mean dose to the left and right parotids were reduced by 7.75 Gy(P=0.000)and 5.79 Gy(P=0.000)in the automated plans,respectively. Furthermore,the V60(0.58% vs. 3.12%,P=0.000)and Dmean(34.11 Gy vs. 40.78 Gy,P= 0.000)of the mandible were also significantly lower with Auto-Planning than with manual planning. Conclusions Auto-Planning module can improve the overall quality and consistency of treatment plans,and reduce the workload and time of treatment planning,resulting in substantially enhanced treatment planning efficiency.