Objective To test our hypothesis that sensitivity to avian influenza A(H5N1)virus varies among mouse strain backgrounds, we compared the pathogenicity of H5N1 viral infection in 5 mouse strains. Methods Onehundred-fifty mice from 2 inbred strains(BALB/c and C57BL/6), and 3 outbred stocks(ICR, NIH Swiss, and KM Swiss)were used. Thirty mice of each strain were subjected to an infected group(20 mice), in which mice were inoculated with 0. 1 mL(104.875 TCID50)of A/Goose/Guangdong/NH/2003(H5N1)virus intra-nasally; ten control mice received noninfectious allantoic fluid. Clinical signs were assessed daily for 14 days post-infection. Necropsy was performed on mice that died during the experiment and those euthanized at end of study. Tissue samples were collected for viral isolation and pathological analysis. Results H5N1 virus infection can cause respiratory illness in all 5 strains with severe or minor acute respiratory distress symptoms, but with different mortality rates: 70% in BALB/c; 50% in ICR; 40% in NIH Swiss; 25% in C57BL/6; and 10% in KM Swiss mice. Necrotizing interstitial pneumonia was found in all cases of death. The virus was isolated from the lungs of all infected dead mice. Conclusion A/Goose/Guangdong/NH/2003 (H5N1)virus can infect all mouse strains used in this study, and can cause clinical symptoms and pathological changes similar to those found in humans infected with HSN1 viruses. However, the pathogenicity of H5N1 viral infection varies significantly between the different mouse strains. Thus, in future study of H5N1 virus infections the mouse strain most relevant to their particular research purpose should be selected as animal model.

The authors propose suggestions for definition of classification position, classification standard, nomenclature and naming methods of chemotype on discussing the significance of chemotype of medicinal plants. This classification of chemotype should be established in infraspecific categories of "forma". Chemotype identification mainly has two aspects. One is that the main constituents are distinct or one or two components are half or more than half of the total chemical content. The main constituents come from the same biosynthetic pathway and have some genetic stability. The other is the chemical variation is genetic. The chemotype of medicinal plants study on the classification has important theoretical and practical value for quality assessment, resource development and the genuine medicinal research. It also can ensure the safe and effective of clinical medicine.
Biosynthetic Pathways ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics ; Terminology as Topic

Numerical taxonomic studies were carried out in order to elucidate the taxonomic relationship among 17 species belonging to Paris. Eighteen characters including 10 morphological, 4 pollen morphological, 2 cytotalonomical and 2 habitat characters were used for the analysis. On basis of UPGMA clustering analysis, two subgenus and seven groups were recognized. The classification of the two subgenus was different from the opinion of subgenus Daiswa and subgenus Paris by Li Heng. The classification of sect. Dunnianae, sect. Axiparis and sect. Paris was correspondence with the classification of Li Heng. But sect. Fargesianae, sect. Marmoratae and sect. Thibeticae which were established based on the especially characters by Li Heng were put into cluster 2, cluster 3 and cluster 4.
Magnoliopsida ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; Phylogeny

In the recent 20 years, three major investigational achievements about Daodi CMM (Chinese medicinal materials) have been made as follows: (1) The herbal textual about Daodi CMM have been collected and revised systematically, and the causes and pattern of Daodi CMM formation and development were illustrated. (2) A series of appraising methods and marks for Daodi CMM have been set up initially, the scientific connotation of Daodi CMM has been clarified primarily, which promotes the development of pharmacognosy discipline consequently. (3) Based on the Daodi CMM research program, the GAP of CMM with good quality, high yield and best benefit has been carried out elementarily, which is helpful to solve some economic problems and troubles which the peasant, countryside and agriculture always worry about. However, there are still some puzzles and misunderstandings about Daodi CMM to be treated with seriously. The main research aspects of Daodi CMM in the future could be focused on: (1) Identification and authentication of the species and producing area of Daodi CMM. (2) Establishment and implement of the commercial specification criterion of Daodi CMM. (3) Standardization of the planting and processing technologies for Daodi CMM.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the content of magnoflorine in main species of Epimedii Herba.

METHODUltrasonic extraction, HPLC analysis.

RESULTThe content of magnoflorine of Epimedium leaves range between 0.0029% and 1.688%.

CONCLUSIONThe content of magnoflorine of Epimedium show large differences between species but relatively stable within the species, E. koreanum Nakai is the highest one and E. brevicornu is the lowest.

The paper analyzed the current status and existing problems of traditional Chinese medicine resources. Blind introduction phenomenon, slow progress of variety breeding, low utilization rate of medicinal parts and herb residue seriously affected the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine resources. This paper raised suggestions according to these problems: to develop directional cultivation based on genuine drug, to develop directive breeding based on improvement the content of effective components, to expanding use the medicinal parts based on diversification and to comprehensive use the herb residue.
Breeding ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

20?10~9/L.The proteinuria decreased or disappeared.The antinuclear antibody decreased or became negative.The level of complement was increased.The following complications were ob- served:septicemia in 2 patients,cytomegalovirus infection in 2 patients,renal toxicity in 1 patient,acute left heart failure in 3 patients and cardiac arrhythmia in 3 patients.There was no transplantation related mortality. Conclusion APBSCT may improve the disease activity and the immunological markers in SLE.It is a valid therapy for refractory SLE,but the long-term effects need to be observed.

Objective To investigate the clinic significance of intracranial pressure (ICP)monitor for operation of hy-pertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Methods Fifty-eight patients suffering from hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage from Jan 2011 to Nov 2012 were included,and were divided into two groups,ICP-monitor group(A group) and non-ICP-moni-tor group(B group). The clinic data of all patients were statistically analyzed and the prognosis was evaluated with six-month follow up period after operation. Results Compared with patients who had ICP monitor post operation, the inci-dence of distance of water and electrolyte reduced significantly in A group; Moreover,the scores of GOS were signifi-cant higher in A group. Nevertheless,there was no significant difference on operative mortality between two groups af-ter operation 14 days. Conclusion The study demonstrates that ICP monitor can guide the clinical therapy,decrease the incidence of complication and improve the prognosis for patients suffered from operation of hypertensive cerebral hem-orrhage.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents in the rhizoma of Iris dichotoma.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of physiochemical properties and spectral analysis.

RESULTEleven compounds, hispidulin (1), rhamnocitrin (2), iristectorigenin A (3), 4', 5, 7, 8-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxy isoflavone (4), 6-hydroxybiochanin A (5), iristectorin B (6), iristectorigenin A (7), kaempferol-7-methyl ether (8), tamarixetin-7-glucoside (9), iristectorin A (10), 3', 3, 5-trihydroxy-4', 7-dimethoxy-flavone-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (11) were isolated and identified.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-11 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

OBJECTIVETo probe into the new idea along with establishment of a novel method for dynamic monitoring and early-warning on the wild resources of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).

METHODThe alterations of wild traditional Chinese medicinal resources were assessed through the price ratio between drug and foodstuff (PRDF) indicating the balance between supply and demand of the specific TCMs, referred to the price ration between pork to foodstuff which is used in national monitoring to the balance between pork supply and demand.

RESULTSince the price of rice was tightly controlled by government, it was selected as a relatively stable reference to build the PRDF in order to take away the non-marketing influence to TCMs price such as CPI and inflation rate. The modified relative alteration trend of TCMs price had been researched through comparing different formulae to build PRDF, including absolute average month price of TCMs, month average price ratio of TCMs to foodstuff (rice) , month-on-month change of TCMs to rice, year-on-year change of TCMs to rice, and difference in value of period-on-period change (DVPPC). In the research, Cordyceps, Glycyrrhiza and totally five herbs were selected as model drugs and the price data were collected from 2002 to 2008. The results showed that DVPPC calculated of relative long time window was more sensitive and stable to reflect the relative alteration trend of TCMs price. For instance, the DVPPC of Ligustici showed continuously increase trend in recent years. This suggested appearance of unbalance between supply and demand of Ligustici, and forced policy intervention to maintain reasonable and continuable utilization of Ligustici resource.

CONCLUSIONThe proposed method and the formula of DVPPC revealed some useful guidance for dynamic monitoring the wild resources of TCMs.