Objective To investigate the effect and significance of Ginsenoside Rg1 on the expression of neuron specific enolase (NSE) after focal cerebral ischemia in adult rats.Methods Ginsenoside Rg1 was given intraperitoneally in the rats twice a day at dose of 20 mg/kg for 5 days. Then the models of cerebral ischemia were made by occluding middle cerebral artery using an intraluminal filament method. At 3, 24, 48 and 72 h after focal cerebral ischemia, the neurological deficit score was evaluated and immunohistochemistry technique was used to observe the expressions of NSE. The above parameters were compared to control group and sham operation group.Results Compared with control group,at all the time points the neurological deficit scores were significantly decreased in Ginsenoside Rg1 group (all P

Many studies have shown that experimental umbilical cord blood stem calls are even more primitive, more self-renewal, differentiation and reproductive potential of ex vivo expansion than bone marrow stem cells and peripheral blood stem calls. The preservation of cord blood stem cells and umbilical cord blood transplantation, and other clinical applications have made significant progress, but blood is also facing many problems. This article reviewed a variety of cord blood stem/progenitor calls of the biological characteristics of liver calls proliferation, differentiation, and the building of umbilical cord blood bank of neurology in clinical application.

Tibial plateau fracture,one of the most common fractures,includes simple and complicated fractures.Inappropriate treatment could result in pain and deformity,which has a bad effect on patient life.With the development of the surgical technique,a lot of methods could be selected when an orthopedist deals with these fractures.X-ray,one of the most common assistant examination,is the preferred method for tibial plateau fracture and could diagnose most of these fractures.Due to high resolution,CT scan could find these micro-fractures which X-ray cannot find and it could supplement the Schatzker type.MRI could find ligament,meniscus and arthrodial cartilage injury.Surgical approach includes anterolateral approach,medial approach,posteromedial approach,post approach,anterior approach.Anterolateral approach could be used for most of tibial plateau fractures.Posteromedial approach is used for medial plateau fracture involving post plateau fracture or post plateau fracture alone.Common plate,locking plate,dual plate and external fixation are commonly used fixation method.Dual plate is often used for complicated tibial plateau fracture.However,how to make accurate diagnosis and choose appropriate fixation is crucial for patients.We will summarize the application of X-ray,CT scan and MRI in diagnosis of tibial plateau fracture.Commonly used approaches to the proximal tibia,which together allow for the treatment of any proximal tibia fracture,will be described in this article.

Objective To investigate whether the combination of hydroxyapatite/tri-calcium phosphase (HA/TCP) and distraction osteogenesis technique would greatly reduce the time for the treatment of bone defects and enhance bone consolidation.Methods Osteotomy was made in the left tibia of all the 36 rabbits (age 20-24 weeks,body weight 2.2-2.8 kg),and a 1.0 cm length of the tibial shaft was removed below the tibiofibular junction.All rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups,12 per group.Group A:The 1.0 cm defect gap was immediately reduced with the tibia shortened for 1.0 cm.Group B:The 1.0 cm defect gap was immediately filled with 1.0 cm restorable porous HA/TCP cylindrical block.Group C:The 1.0 cm defect gap was immediately reduced with the tibia shortened for 0.5 cm,and the remaining 0.5 cm defect gap was filled with 0.5 cm restorable porous HA/TCP cylindrical block.Then all the tibia was fixed with unilateral lengthener.For Group A and Group C,the lengthening started on the seventh day postoperatively,and lasted for 10 days and 5 days respectively.Group B didn't perform lengthening.All the rabbits wore terminated on the 37th days postoperatively.Serial radiographs were taken on the day of surgery,12,17,27 and 37 d postoperatively.The excised bone specimens were subject to micro-CT,mechanical testing,and histological examinations.Results Compared with the other two groups,the results in Group C were better in the terms of bone mineral content 454.44 ±89.98 mg,tissue mineral content 454.40±89.97 mg,maximum torque,maturity of regenerate bone,and the speed of bone consolidation and remodeling.Complete bone healing was achieved in the Group C within 37 days,but not in the Group A and B within 37 days.Conclusion The combination of HA/TCP and distraction osteogenesis technique can reduce the treatment time and promote bone consolidation compared with single treatment.

Objective To study the effect of different dose of VitC in the flap survival.Methods The Wistar rat was used as the experimental animal.On the back of each rat,a skin flap,measuring 1.5cm?6cm,caudally based,was elevated and separated wound edges and the flap bed from the flap itself by a silicone sheet.The VitC 30mg/ml,120mg/ml,300mg/ml were taken in the areas between flap and sheet respectively.With 8 rats in each group,the VitC group was as trial group,while the physiological saline group was as control group.On the seventh day after the flap elevation,flap survival length measurement would be done.Results The flap survival length changed with the dose of VitC.When the dose of VitC was 120 mg/ml,the maximum length was got.When the dose of VitC amounted to 300 mg/ml,the flap will be necrotic.Conclusion The effect of VitC on flap is bidirectional: suitable dose can improve its survival in some way;the flap will be necrotic along with the increase of the dose.The clinical side effect of VitC in whole body toxic effect is often noticed,such as renal toxicity,while the partial side effect is often ignored.The experiment shows that large local dose of VitC will result in side effect.So the dose of VitC should be controlled to reduce side effect.

Objective To design a new flap model using for study on effects of some drugs which would maximize flap survival,and to evaluate its experimental availability.Methods The Wistar rat was used as the experimental animal.On the back of each rat,a skin flap,measuring 1.5 cm ? 6 cm,caudally based,was elevated and separated.Wound edges and the flap bed were separated from the flap by a silicone sheet and the drug was put in the areas between flap and sheet.On the seventh day after the flap elevation,historical and physiological measurement to blood flow and skin specimens would be done.The repeatability of the model was calculated.Results Single pedicle separaration flap needed 26 rats as samples when the resolution was 10% in testing,while the back flap model(10 cm ? 3 cm ) needed 28 rats.The needed samples were 2 rats and 5 rats respectively when the resolution was 25%.So it was believed that with high repeatability,the model of pedicle separation flap met the basic principle of testing design and was suitable for the study of the same kind.Conclusion The model can be used with confidence to study the effects of drugs on the flap survival.

BACKGROUND: A new material of porous carbonated hydroxyapatite cement (PCHC) is discovered using foaming technique.The new material characterizes original solidification and forms porous structure.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical effect of PCHC on repairing cancellous bone defect.METHODS: Among 30 New Land rabbits, 25 ones were considered as surgery group, whose bilateral condyles of femur was used to establish bone defect model (5.5 mm diameter and 12 mm depth). PCHC was implanted into the left side, which was considered as the experimental group, and carbonated hydroxyapatite cement (CHC) was implanted into the right side, which was considered as the control group. Another 5 rabbits were used as normal mechanical control group. Both PCHC and CHC were dip in simulated body fluid (SBF) to test mechanical intension. PCHC and CHC were then implanted into muscles of back in the surgery group. Rabbits Were-sacrificed after 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks postoperatively. Mechanical analysis was tested following intra-bone and intramuscular implantation, and compressive strength was then tested following dipping into SBF.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PCHC: Intra-bone mechanical strength was lower at 2 weeks, the lowest at 4 weeks, but then closed to intension of normal cancellated bone at 8 weeks, higher than normal cancellated bone at 12 weeks, and recovered to the level of normal cancellated bone at 16 weeks. CHC: Intra-bone strength was higher than that of PCHC at 2 weeks, decreased at 4 weeks, gradually increased at 8, 12, and 16 weeks, but still lower than intension of normal cancallated bone. Compressive strength of both PCHC and CHC was not changed following dipping in SBF; however, compressive strength was changed remarkably following intramuscular implantation. The results demonstrated that PCHC characterized by immobilization in situ and mechanical supporting. Thus it could be used for one kind of bone substitute material to repair the bone defect.

Objective To assess the clinical value of high-frequency ultrasonography in diagnosis of the brachial plexus disease. Methods Forty-two patients with suspected brachial plexus disease underwent high-frequency ultrasonography. The ultrasonographic findings were compared with clinical data. Results Among the 42 patients, 33 were diagnosed as brachial plexus abnormalities, while 9 as normal according to clinical data. With high-frequency ultrasonography, 26 patients were diagnosed as abnormal brachial plexus and 16 patients as normal. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosing brachial plexus abnormalities was 78.79%, 100% and 83.33 %, respectively. Conclusion High-frequency ultrasonography is useful in evaluating the brachial plexus disease and may become an important imaging methods for brachial plexus.

Objective To study the effect of the VitC, bFGF, Magnesium sulfate and Papaverine in single pedicle separation flap survival. Methods The Wistar rats were used as the experimental animal. On the back of each rat, a skin flap, measuring 1.5 cm?6cm, caudally based, was elevated. Wound edges and the flap bed were separated from the flap itself by a silicone sheet. The VitC, bFGF, Magnesium sulfate and Papaverine were taken in the areas between flap and sheet. With 8 rats in each group, the drug-taken group was as trial group, while the physiological saline group was as control group. On the seventh day after the flap elevation, flap survival length was measured. Results The selected drugs could improve flap survival in some way, among which the effects of the VitC was the most distinct. Conclusion All the drugs can improve blood-flow, so it is believed the selected drugs can improve flap survival by improving flap’s blood-flow.

Objective To observe the effect of low frequency electrical stimulation on dysphagia after stroke. Methods 60 patients with dysphagia after stroke were divided into treatment group and control group with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with swallowing exercise, while the treatment group was treated with low frequency electrical stimulation in addition. They were assessed with Fujishima's swallowing evaluation before and after treatment. Results The score increased after treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and increased more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Low frequency electrical stimulation can improve the effects of swallowing exercise on dysphagia after stroke.