Objective To investigate the curative effect of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NMV) and its influence on plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in senile patients with cot pulmonale complicated with respiratory failure. Methods Eighty senile patients with cot pulmonale complicated with respiratory failure were randomly divided into treatment group (40 cases) and control group (40 cases). The treatment group was treated by NMV combined with routine therapy, and the control group was treated by only routine therapy including respiratory stimulant,lowering pulmonary artery pressure, cardiotonic agents, diuretics and nasal catheter oxygen inhalation. Blood pressure, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), blood gas analysis (pH, PaO2, PaCO2 ,SaO2) and clinical symptoms and signs were observed before and 72 hours after treatment. The plasma levels of BNP and ET-1 were also measured before and after treatment. Results Compared with the control group, the clinical symptoms and signs were significantly improved, SaO2 and PaO2 were significantly elevated, and PaCO2, HR and RR were significantly reduced in NMV group (t=2.23 ～ 3.92, P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). The plasma levels of BNP and ET-1 were significantly decreased after treatment in both groups,especially in the treatment group (t=2. 93,3. 56, P<0.01). The plasma levels of BNP and ET-1 had significantly negative correlation with PaO2 (r=-0.69,-0.61 ,P<0. 01) ,and positive correlation with PaCO2 (r= 0.51,0.42, P<0. 05). Conclusions NMV can improve hypoxemia and CO2 retention in senile patients with cot pulmonale complicated with respiratory failure,and may have some influences on neuroendocrine functions.

Objective To explore the normal range of the volume of frontal lobe in Chinese adults of the Han nationality and provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain. Methods This is a clinical multi-center study. Two hundred Chinese healthy volunteers (age range= 18 to 70) recruited from 16 hospitals were divided into 5 groups, i. e. , age range from 18 to 30, age range from 31 to 40, age range from 41 to 50, age range from 51 to 60, and age range from 61 to 70. Each group contained 20 males and 20 females. All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T1 weighted threedimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence. We used the manual method to trace the region of interest and measured the left and right frontal lobe volumes separately. All the data were analyzed with SPSS (version 13.0). The sex differences in the frontal lobe volumes were analyzed by independent-samples t test, and the side differences were analyzed by paired-samples t test. Correlation and regression analysis was used between the age and the frontal lobe volumes. Results In 200 healthy Chinese Han volunteers, the total frontal lobe volumes was (563 ± 73) cm3. For male, the volumes of the left and the right frontal lobe were (288±42) cm3 and (292 ±41 ) cm3 ,respectively. The volumes of the left and right frontal lobe in 100 women were (273 ±30) cm3 and (274 ± 30) cm3 respectively. The differences of sex (t = 3. 334, P < 0. 05 ) and side ( t = - 3.09, P < 0. 05 ) in the total frontal lobe volumes reach significant. There was no significant differences in women ( t = - 1. 304, P > 0. 05 ). There were negative correlations between the frontal lobe volumes and age in men and women ( r = - 0. 586, - 0. 498, P <0. 01 ). Conclusions The total frontal lobe volume of men was larger than that of women. The volume of the right frontal lobe was larger than the left frontal lobe in men, and the asymmetries didn't exist in women.The total frontal lobe volumes were both shrinking with age in men and women, which was more rapid in men than in women.

OBJECTIVETo observe the differences in onset time and the overall efficacy of the acupuncture therapy of dredging Governor Vessel and regulating mentality combined with fluoxetine and the fluoxetine for post-stroke depression(PSD).

METHODSSixty-three patients were randomly divided into an acupuncture intervention of dredging Governor Vessel and regulating mentality group(acupuncture and medication group, 33 cases) and a control group (medication group, 30 cases). In the medication group, 20 mg fluoxetine was used by oral administration, once a day at 7:00 in the morning, continuously for 4 weeks. In the acupuncture and medication group, based on the oral administration of fluoxetine, the acupuncture intervention of dredging Governor Vessel and regulating mentality was applied mainly at Baihui(GV 20), Fengfu(GV 16), Shenting(GV 24), Shuigou(GV 26), Dazhui(GV 14) and Shendao(GV 11), once a day, 6 times a week, continuously for 4 weeks. Twenty-four items in Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD), modified Edinburgh Scandinavia Stroke Scale(MESSS) and activity of daily life scale(ADL, Barthel index, BI) were used before and after 2-week and 4-week treatment. The efficacy was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSAfter 2-week treatment, the HAMD score and the MESSS score in the acupuncture and medication group were obviously decreased and the BI score was apparently increased(all P<0. 01). In the medication group, however, the score of every scale was not statistically different from that before treatment(P'>0. 05). After 4-week treatment, HAMD scores and MESSS scores in the two groups were obviously decreased and the BI scores I were apparently increased(all P<0. 01). After 2-week and 4-week treatment, the HAMD scores and the MESSS scores in the acupuncture and medication group were lower than those in the medication group and the BI scores were higher than those in the medication group(P<0. 01, P<0. 05). The total effective rate of anti-depression (97. 0%, 32/33) the total effective rate of nerve function impairment(90. 9%, 30/33) and the total effective rate of daily life activity(97. 0% 32/33) in the acupuncture and medication group were better than 80. 0% (24/30), 80. 0%(24/30), 83. 3%(25/30) in the medication group(all P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe acupuncture therapy of dredging Governor Vessel and regulating mentality could reduce the onset time of anti-depression medicine treatment of PSD and enhance the overall efficacy. Therefore, it enhances the clinical compliance.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Antidepressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Depression ; drug therapy ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; complications ; psychology

OBJECTIVETo determine the contents of tiliroside [kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-(6 " -p-coumaroyl) glucopyranoside] in the Daphne genkwa.

METHODThe separation was performed on ZORBAX XDB C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), using acetonitrile and water/acetic acid mixture (1,000/1) (gradient elution: 0-18 min, 26 : 74; 18-33 min, 80 : 20) as mobile phase with the rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1) at 25 degrees C, the wavelength for measurement was 310 nm.

RESULTThe linearity was in the range of 0.1-5.0 microg (n=6), and the correlation coefficient was 0.9999. The average recovery for compound tiliroside was 101.50% (RSD 0.90%) (n=6).

CONCLUSIONThis method is accurate, reliable and reproducible to determine tiliroside in the D. genkwa.

Acetonitriles ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Daphne ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; Oils, Volatile ; pharmacology ; Plant Stems ; chemistry

Objective To analyze the reason of drug shortages in medical institutions and take corresponding prevention measures to ensure drug supply .Methods The drug outbound orders in 2012 were retrospectively analyzed to trace the pro‐curement plan of badly‐needed drugs and the delivery time of supplier .Excel was used to carry out classification and statistics for the information of drug shortages combined with the explanations that the supplier failed to supply to summarize the exter‐nal cause and internal cause of drug shortages in medical institutions .Results In 2012 ,the dispensing department received a to‐tal of 46862 plans ,and 1423 items were badly‐needed drugs .The drug shortage rate was 3 .0% .643 times of drug shortages were caused by external causes which accountedfor 45 .2% of all the shortages ;780 times of the drug shortages were caused by internal causes which accounted for 54 .8% .Price inversion accounted for 40 .7% in the external causes that lead to the drug shortages ,and it was the top of the external causes for drug shortages .The low‐priced small varieties and generic drugs ac‐counted for 71 .2% of drug shortages caused by external causes;in the internal causes of drug shortages ,the inventory control accounted for 45 .0% ,ranked the first .Conclusion The scientific and reasonable drug price ,the improvement of bidding poli‐cy ,the joint effort of all parties of drug supply chain ,and the enhancement of the early warning and management of the badly‐needed drugs can reduce drug shortage .

OBJECTIVE: To study molecular mechanism of suppressive effect of macrophages posttrauma on T cell functions. METHODS: A murine closed trauma model was used, macrophages were harvested from the abdominal cavity and added into the culture system of T cells, which were separated from splenocytes in normal mice using nylon column. T cell functions and intracellular messenger molecules were determined. In addition, the effect of macrophages' removal from splenocytes of traumatized mice on T cell functions and intracellular messenger molecules was investigated. RESULTS: Macrophages posttrauma in vitro could obviously suppress ConA stimulated normal T cell functions such as T lymphocyte transformation, interleukin 2 (IL-2) production, IL-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Ralpha) expression, IL-2 mRNA and IL-2Ralpha mRNA levels, and elevate cAMP contents of activated normal T cells while decreasing cGMP contents, intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) concentration and protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Removal of macrophages from splenocytes of traumatized mice could at certain degree reverse the suppression of T cell functions, decrease cAMP contents while increasing cGMP contents, [Ca(2+)]i concentration and PKC activity. CONCLUSIONS: Macrophages posttrauma may suppress T cell functions via altering messenger molecule levels in activated T cells.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether macrophages post trauma have inhibitory effect on normal T cells via direct cell to cell contact. METHODS: A murine amputation injury model was used, macrophages were harvested from abdominal cavity and treated with mitomycin-C to abrogate the secretion of cytokines. Separation of T cells from splenocytes in normal mice was performed using nylon column method. Mitomycin-C treated macrophages from control and traumatized mice were added into the normal T cell culture systems, then various parameters of T cell functions were determined. RESULTS: The production and secretion of interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) could be abrogated after macrophages were treated with 25 &mgr;g/mL mitomycin-C for 30 minutes. Mitomycin-C treated macrophages from traumatized mice could obviously suppress T lymphocyte transformation, IL-2 mRNA and IL-2Ralpha mRNA levels, IL-2 production, IL-2Ralpha expression, IL-2 mediated lymphocyte proliferation response of normal T cells, could not affect IL-2-IL-2R interaction but elevated suppressive action of Ts cells. Removal of Ts cells from T cells could almost abolish the inhibition of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: Macrophages post trauma can suppress T cell functions by depressing IL-2 and IL-2Ralpha gene expression via direct cell to cell contact, and this effect may be mediated mainly by increasing the action of Ts cells.

【Objective】   To explore the prescriptions related to the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases in Prescriptions of Peaceful Benevolent Dispensary (Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang,《太平惠民和剂局方》, TPHMHJJF), and investigate the medication and prescription rules. 【Methods】   The prescriptions of TPHMHJJF for treating spleen and stomach diseases were screened, and the data set was established by entering the prescriptions and standardized drug names using WPS Excel 2019. Herb frequency statistics, efficacy categorization, property, flavor, meridian tropism, association rules, cluster analysis, factor analysis, and complex network analysis were performed using Python 3.6.8 programming language and Gephi 0.9.2 visualization software. 【Results】   A total of 239 prescriptions were included after the screening, and the dosage forms were mainly pills and powders. The study involved 200 herbal medicines, among which 40 herbs had a frequency of ≥ 12. The herb with the highest frequency was Ganjiang (Zingiber Rhizoma). The herb properties were mainly warm in nature, with the most pungent herbs. Most herbs were attributed to the spleen and stomach meridians, and tonifying medicine were the main species. The association rule analysis identified 26 second-order association rules and 16 third-order association rules, with "Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) → Fuling (Poria)" as the leading rule in the former and "Fuling (Poria) + Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizome) → Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma)" as the leading rule in the latter. Also, cluster analysis divided the top 30 herbs into six herb combinations that can warm the middle, move Qi, and dry dampness effectively. Factor analysis extracted 13 common factors, with Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), and Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizome) as the highest contributing factors. Lastly, complex network analysis yielded the core prescription of 14 herbs, with Ganjiang (Zingiber Rhizoma), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome), and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) among the herbs with a higher weighting degree. 【Conclusion】  TPHMHJJF is mainly based on the use of warming herbs to treat spleen and stomach diseases, and its medication rule can be summarized into three aspects: (i) primarily using warming and tonifying to warm the middle and dissipate cold, (ii) using the method of moving Qi with aromatic nature to delight the spleen and appetize the stomach, and (iii) emphasizing the regulation of Qi and blood to calm the five zang-organs.

Objective To Analyze the expression profiles of LncRNAs and mRNAs in ovarian epithelial cancer cell lines by gene mi-croarray, and then provide experimental evidences for investigating the function of LncRNAs associated with ovarian cancer. Methods The differentially expressed LncRNAs and mRNAs in ovarian epithelial cancer cell lines, such as A2780, HO8910 and SKOV3, and ovarian epithelial cell line HOSEpiC were analyzed by gene microarray. The differentially expressed mRNAs were further performed the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The expression levels of six candidate LncRNAs, which had significant difference between the o-varian epithelial cancer cell line and the ovarian epithelial cell line, were further verified by qRT-PCR. Results There were 227 up-regulated LncRNAs and 483 down-regulated LncRNAs in A2780, HO8910 and SKOV3 cell lines. The differentially expressed mRNAs in A2780, HO8910 and SKOV3 cell lines were mainly enriched in the tumor-related pathways such as PI3K-AKT, mTOR and TNF-α( P<0.05) . The expression levels of PTPRG-AS1, CCNT2-AS1, XLOC 009869 and LINC01138 in ovarian epithelial cancer A2780, SKOV3 and OVCR3 cell lines were up-regulated (P<0.05), while those of RP11-252P19.2 and RP11-744I24.2 in ovarian epithelial cancer A2780, SKOV3, OVCR3 and 3AO cell lines were down-regulated ( P<0.05) . Conclusion The differentially expressed LncR-NAs and mRNAs in ovarian epithelial cancer cell lines may be obtained by gene microarray, and the differentially expressed mRNAs are associated with the tumor-related pathways such as PI3K-AKT, mTOR and TNF-α, which may provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.

Objective: To investigate the visual application of the CiteSpace software in the field of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) . Methods: The literature on WMSDs research, published from 1991 to 2017, was retrieved in Web of Science database. The CiteSpace 5.2 was used to make visualization analysis on the hotspots and tendency of the keywords, authors, countries (regions) and research institutes in relevant literature. Results: A total of 3224 literatures were included in the analysis. The amount of the literatures published was increasing annually. The key word co-occurrence network showed that the research hotspots mainly focused on the study of epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms, and other aspects of WMSDs. The cooperation network and time network of counties and regions showed that America and Europe were at the leading position in the field of WMSD, and the top three were America, Canada and Sweden. The developing countries, like Brazil and China, had also begun to make relative research since 2000. In research cooperation, the collaboration among countries, research institutions was relatively close, and multiple leading core authors and teams were formed in the international arena. Conclusion The CiteSpace software can directly demonstrate the hotspots and tendency in the area of WMSDs.