Objective To investigate the chemical constituents in the barks of Populus davidiana. Methods The constituents were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were determined on the basis of chemical and spectral data. Results Sixteen compounds were isolated and twelve of them were identified as 3?-acetoxyurs-12-en-28-oicacid (Ⅰ), ?-sitosterol (Ⅱ), 4-methoxyphenol (Ⅲ), 3-methoxyphenol (Ⅳ), sakuranetin (Ⅴ), scopoletin (Ⅵ), 2R, 3R-dihydro-7-methoxy-kaempferol (Ⅶ), salicyloyltremuloidin (Ⅷ), tremuloidin (Ⅸ), ?-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (Ⅹ), salireposide (Ⅺ), and sakuranin ( ⅩⅡ ). Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, and ⅩⅡ are isolated from the plants of Populus L. for the first time.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents in the barks of Populus davidiana. Methods The constituent was isolated by column chromatography and its structure was determined on the basis of chemical and spectral data. Results Compound Ⅰ was identified as (E)-5-hydroxy-2-[3, 4, 5,-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy] benzyl 3-(4-hydroxypenyl) acrylate. Conclusion Compound I is a new phenolic glycoside named as davidianoside.

BACKGROUND:The aim of spinal mobilization and spinal manipulation is to correct vertebral subluxation. However, facet joint pressures are not clear during these two therapies.
OBJECTIVE:To compare human lumbar facet joint pressures during simulated high-velocity, low-amplitude spinal manipulationversuslow-velocity, low-amplitude spinal mobilization.
METHODS:Totaly 12 adult fresh lumbar spinal specimens (T12-S2) were divided into two groups randomly. Parameters of simulated spinal mobilization (n=6): preload angle 15° (speed 3°/s), maximum angle 20° (speed 1°/s), with 9 N horizontal force to L5 spinous process. Parameters of simulated spinal manipulation (n=6): preload angle 15° (speed 3°/s), impulse angle 20° (impulse speed 33°/s), with 22 N horizontal force to L5 spinous process. Pressures of bilateral L4-5/L5-S1 facet joints were measured with Tekscan system.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) During two spinal manipulative therapies (rotation to the right and then back to the neutral position), pressures of right facet joints decreased first and then increased gradualy, while pressures of left facet joints changed oppositely. (2) Pressures of right facet joints were similar regardless of manipulation type (P > 0.05). The maximum pressure of left facet joints was larger during manipulation than that during mobilization (P < 0.05). (3) Descending speed of pressures of right joint was larger during manipulation than that during mobilization (P < 0.01), and no significant difference in ascending speed of pressure of right facet joints was detected (P > 0.05). Both ascending and descending speeds of the left facet joints were larger during manipulation than that during mobilization (P < 0.01). (4) During two spinal manipulative therapies, pressures of ipsilateral facet joints decreased first and then increased, while pressures of contralateral facet joints increased first and then decreased. Joint pressure after treatment restored to that before treatment. (5) Impulse speed and magnitude of pressures of facet joints during manipulation were larger than that during mobilization. Facet joints are more possible to be injured during manipulation than that during mobilization. During manipulation, we should pay attention to the speed and intensity of the impact.

Objective To investigate the effect of acidic tumor microenvironment on invasion and migration and its mechanism in glioma cells. Methods (1) The pH value of the medium was adjusted by acid-base titration. Human glioma cells U87 and U251 were cultured in the acid group and the normal group with pH values of 6.4 and 7.4, respectively; and 3 d after cultivation, the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) and CD44 were detected by Western blotting; Transwell assay was used to examine the invasion and migration of U87 and U251 cells; immunofluorescence was employed to examine the CD44 expression. (2) The U87 and U251 cells were divided into small interfering RNA (siRNA) -nonsense sequence group and siRNA-CD44-1 group, and the siRNA nonsense sequences and siRNA-CD44-1 interfering fragments were transfected by lipofectin-3000, respectively; three d after transfection, the migration and invasion abilities of cells from the two groups were detected by Transwell assay. (3) U87 and U251 cells were divided into acid group (cultured with a pH value of 6.4), blank control group, siRNA nonsense sequence group, siRNA-CD44-1 group, and siRNA-CD44-2 group; and cells from the later four groups were cultured with a pH value of 7.4; after culture for 4 d, the siRNA-nonsense sequence group, siRNA-CD44-1 group and siRNA-CD44-2 group were transfected with siRNA-nonsense sequences, siRNA-cd44-1 interfering fragments and siRNA-CD44-2 interfering fragments, respectively; three d after transfection, the expressions of CD44, N-Ca, Vimentin, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 proteins in these 5 groups were detected by Western blotting. Results (1) As compared with the normal group, the expression levels of HIF-2α and CD44 in U87 and U251 cells of the acid group were significantly increased; both Transwell and invasion experiments showed that the number of transmembrane cells in the acid group was significantly larger than that in the normal group (P<0.05); immunofluorescence staining showed that the CD44 expression in acid group was significantly higher than that in normal group (P<0.05). (2) Both Transwell and invasion experiments showed that the number of transmembrane cells in the siRNA-CD44-1 group was significantly smaller than that in the siRNA nonsense sequence group (P<0.05). (3) Western blotting showed that the expression levels of CD44, N-Ca, Vimentin and MMP-2 in U87 and U251 cells of the blank control group, siRNA nonsense sequence group, siRNA-CD44-1 group, and siRNA-CD44-2 group were obviously decreased as compared with those in the acid group; the expression levels of CD44, N-Ca, Vimentin and MMP-2 in U87 and U251 cells of the siRNA-CD44-1 group and siRNA-CD44-2 group were obviously lower than those in the siRNA nonsense sequence group. Conclusion Acidic tumor microenvironment enhances the capabilities of invasion and migration of glioma cells through increasing CD44 expression.

Objective To study the influence of micro (miR)-325 in progression of glioma and its molecular mechanism by regulating transferrin receptor (TFRC) gene expression in glioma cells. Methods (1) Thirty-five glioma tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues were collected during surgical excision performed in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2018. The miR-325 and TFRC mRNA expression levels in the glioma tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues were detected by inverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR); the expression of miR-325 in glioma tissues of patients with different clinical characteristics and the survival curves of patients with low or high miR-325 expressions were compared. (2) RT-qPCR was used to examine the miR-325 expression in HA, U251, and U87 cell lines in vitro; the regulatory relations between miR-325 and its potential target gene TFRC in U251, and U87 cell lines were measured by luciferase report assay; miR-325 mimic and its negative control were transfected into U251 and U87 cell lines for 48 h, and then, the mRNA and protein expressions of TFRC were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively; control small interfering RNA (siRNA)+nonsense inhibitor, TFRC siRNA+nonsense inhibitor, and siTFRC+miR-325 inhibitor were transfected into U251 and U87 cell lines for 48 h, respectively, Western blotting was employed to detect the TFRC protein expression, cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay, and cell invasion was detected by Transwell assay; pcDNA3.1 empty vector+nonsense sequence, TFRC pcDNA3. 1+nonsense sequence, TFRC pcDNA3.1+miR-325 mimic were transfected into U251 and U87 cell lines for 48 h, respectively, TFRC protein expression was detected by Western blotting, cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay, and cell invasion was detected by Transwell assay. Results (1) As compared with those in the adjacent tissues, the miR-325 expression was significantly decreased and the TFRC mRNA expression was statistically increased in glioma tissues (P<0.05); the TFRC mRNA expression and miR-325 expression were negatively correlated in glioma tissues (P<0.05); as compared with patients with Karnofsky functional status scores≥80, patients with scores<80 had significantly decreased miR-325 expression; as compared with glioma tissues of WHO grading I-II, glioma tissues of grading III-IV had significantly decreased miR-325 expression (P<0.05); the survival rate of patients with low miR-325 expression was statistically lower than that of patients with high miR-325 expression (P< 0.05). (2) As compared with that in HA cells, the miR-325 expression was statistically down-regulated in U87 and U251 cells (P<0.05); in TFRC wild-type (TFRC WT) transfected cells, the miR-325 mimic group had significantly lower luciferase activity than the nonsense sequence group, while the miR-325 inhibitor group had significantly higher luciferase activity than the nonsense inhibitor group (P<0.05); as compared with those in the nonsense sequence group, the TFRC mRNA and protein expressions were statistically decreased in U87 and U251 cells of miR-325 mimic group; as compared with those in the control siRNA+nonsense inhibitor group, the TFRC protein expression and absorbance value were significantly decreased, and number of invasive cells was significantly smaller in the siTFRC+nonsense inhibitor group; and as compared with those in the siTFRC+nonsense inhibitor group, the TFRC protein expression and absorbance value were significantly increased, and number of invasive cells was significantly larger in the siTFRC+miR-325 inhibitor group (P<0.05); as compared with the pcDNA3.1 empty vector+nonsense sequence group, the TFRC protein expression and absorbance value were significantly increased, and number of invasive cells was significantly larger in the TFRC pcDNA3.1 +nonsense sequence group, and as compared with the TFRC pcDNA3.1+nonsense sequence group, the TFRC protein expression and absorbance value were significantly decreased, and number of invasive cells was significantly smaller in the TFRC pcDNA3.1+miR-325 mimic group (P<0.05). Conclusion The miR-325 expression is decreased in glioma cells and has a tumor suppressor effect; patients with low miR-325 expression have poor prognosis; miR-325 inhibits cancer cell progression by inhibiting the expression of the target gene TFRC.

Objective:To explore the genetic characteristics and evolution of hantavirus carried by rodents in port area of Ningde in Fujian province in the summer of 2020.Methods:Rodents were captured in the port area of Ningde, the RNA was extracted from rodent lung tissues and detected by using specific kit. The positive samples were used for whole-genome sequencing of the virus. Bioinformatics software was used for the analysis on the similarity and genetic variation of the sequences.Results:A total of 112 rodents were captured, including 5 Rattus norvegicus and 2 Rattus flavipectus, the positive rate of hantavirus was 6.25% (7/112). By virus gene sequencing, two hantavirus complete genome sequences were obtained (named as FJ35 and FJ36, GenBank accession numbers: MW449188-MW449193). The genetic analysis results showed that the hantavirus detected in positive samples were SEOV and shared 99% nucleotide similarity with hantavirus strains LZSF21 and JX20140581 isolated from Shandong province. Phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method showed that the hantavirus detected in positive samples belonged to S3 subtype, sharing the same subtype with hantavirus strains Z37 from Zhejiang province, LZSF21 from Shandong province, and zy27 and Gongzhuling 415 from northeastern China. Compared with FJ372, the amino acid variation of N259S was observed at sites 251-264 of nucleoprotein, which might be related to antigenicity. Another variation of Q81R was observed in glycoprotein compared with SEOV 80-39 segment of coded amino acid of international reference strain, which might also cause the change in antigenicity. Conclusion:The high positive rate of hantavirus in rodents in the port area of Ningde- would increase the risk of natural human infection and epidemic in local area. The hantavirus positive rodents in this focus might be from an endemic area in Shandong. It is necessary to strengthen the imported rodent control in the port area of Ningde. The virus detected in 2 positive samples belonged to SEOV subtype Ⅲ and shared high homologies of nucleotides and amino acid sequences with the hantavirus strains in surrounding area. However, some slight variations occurred in glycoprotein and nucleoprotein amino acid sequences, which might cause changes in its antigeniity.

Anti-tumor drug research and development in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rapidly developing, and the clinical application of high-throughput sequencing technology is also becoming widespread. Accordingly, researchers are focusing on human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) gene as a rare target of NSCLC, and a series of exploratory studies has been performed. Traditional chemotherapy and immunotherapy are unsatisfactory in the HER-2 mutant population, whereas the survival improvement of anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibodies and pan-HER inhibitors is limited. The development of antibody drug conjugate (ADC) ushers in a turning point for HER-2-mutated NSCLC, and new ADC drugs represented by trastuzumab deruxtecan are making a breakthrough. It opens up a new era of precision therapy for advanced HER-2-mutated NSCLC. Additionally, novel HER-2 inhibitors show very encouraging initial efficacy and safety, and clinical trials are ongoing. This review focuses on the latest progress of research on HER-2-mutated NSCLC.