Objective To investigate the risk factors of rupture of intracranial aneurysms.Methods Two hundred and seventy eight patients with cerebral aneurysms admitted from January 2000 to December 2013 were enrolled in study,including 122 cases with ruptured intracranial aneurysm (rupture group) and 156 cases without rupture (non-rupture group).The clinical data were collected from two groups,risk factors of aneurysm rupture were studied by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results The rates of female gender,smoking history,hypertension and atherosclerosis in rupture group were significantly higher than those in non-rupture group [70.5％ (86/122) vs.59.0％ (92/156),42.6％ (52/122) vs.29.5％ (46/156),63.9％ (78/122) vs.51.9％ (81/156) and 69.7％ (85/122) vs.51.3％ (80/156);x2 =3.943,5.175,4.034 and 4.319,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05];the width of aneurysm neck and diameter of aneurysm in rupture group were significantly lower than those in non-rupture group (all P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the rates of aneurysm rupture in patients with aneurysm diameter of ＜ 5 mm,5-8 mm and ＞8 mm were 63.4％ (64/101),40.9％ (38/93),25.0％ (20/84),respectively,Z =27.180,P =0.000;the rates of aneurysm rupture in patients with aneurysm neck width of ＜4 mm was higher than that with width ≥ 4 mm [67.3％ (66/98) vs.31.1％ (56/180),x2 =33.832,P =0.000].Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aneurysm diameter is an independent risk factor for rupture of intracranial aneurysm (OR =3.759,95CI:1.638-6.879,P =0.001).Conclusions The diameter of intracranial aneurysm in an independent risk factor for aneurysm rupture.Female gender,history of smoking,underlying hypertension and atherosclerosis,and the width of aneurysm neck may also related to the rupture of intracranial aneurysms.

Aim To study the chemical constituents of Rhododendron ovatum Planch. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and identified on the basis of their physiochemical and spectral data. Results Seven compounds were isolated and identified. Their structures were established as 3,5,7-trihydroxylchromone 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (I), taraxerol (II), β-sitosterol (III), betulinic acid (IV), quercetin (V), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (VI), and D-glucose (VII). Conclusion Compound I is a new compound. Compounds II-VII were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective:To investigate the expression of interleukin-7 in human liver and stomach,identify the splice variants of IL-7.Methods:Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used for investigating the expression of IL-7.According to IL-7 gene cDNA,the primers were designed and synthesized,then the splice variants of IL-7 in human cancer tissues was identify,cloned into vector and sequenced.Results:The results showed that(1)the expression of IL-7 mRNA was nearly equal between human liver and stomach,(2)two new bands of IL-7 was obtained from liver cancer and gastric carcinoma,one lacks exon 4,another exon 5.Conclusion:IL-7 gene is expressed highly in both human liver and stomach.In addition,human liver cancer and gastric carcinoma can produce splicing variants of IL-7 by alternative splicing.

Objective:To investigate the brain activation patten associated with visual sexual stimuli.Method:Thirteen healthy right-handed women were enrolled through advertisements on campus.They were scanned under functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) when they watched emotional neutral films excepts and erotic films excepts.Statistic on theses data reveals the difference of brain activation.Result:The results showed that,compared to emotional neutral films,sexual visual stimuli were associated with the activation of a set of bilateral brain areas including lateral occipital cortex,postcentral gyrus,superior parietal lobule,occipital fusiform gyrus, hippocampus,and so on.Most activated brain areas are bilateral.Only in inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis(Z=3.64,P<0.0001) and pars triangular(Z=3.42,P=0.003) there were significant right hemispheric activation.Conclusion:fMRI results indicate that inferior frontal gyrus is related to the visual sexual stimuli of women subjects,and is specified on the right hemisphere rather than left one.This sphere-special area may play an important role on sexual message processing.

Objective To investigate the resistance of clinical isolates from Shanghai Huashan Hospital in 2005.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by Kirby-Bauer method.Results were analyzed according to CLSI 2005.Results Of the 3 896 clinical isolates,gram negative bacilli and gram positive cocci accounted for 68.1% and 31.9% respectively.About 93.2%(465/499)of S.aureus isolates were identified as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus,94.9%(260/274)of coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CNS)isolates were methicillin-resistant.No vancomycin-resistant strain was found.The resistance rates of E.faecalis and E.faecium to high level gentamicin(120 ?g)were 67.4% and 82.8% respectively.Two strains of VRE were isolated.Both were VanA type.ESBLs-producing strains accounted for 47.6%(206/433)in E.coli and 69.6%(391/562)in Klebsiella spp(K.pneumoniae and K.oxytoca).Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were still highly sensitive to imipenem and meropenem,resistance rates being 0-4% except Citrobacter isolates,9.1% of which were resistant.However,39.3% and 59.6% of P.aeruginosa strains were resistant to the above carbapenems,respectively.Conclusions The prevalence of MRSA and MRCNS is very high.ESBLs are prevalent in E.coli and Klebsiella spp.Two glycopeptide-resistant E.faecium isolates are identified firstly in Huashan Hospital.Our data will be useful for rational use of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of bacterial infections.

Objective To observe the expression changes of 12 ischemia-related microRNAs (miRNA) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after deep hypothermic low flow (DHLF) in mice.Methods A total of 80 3-w eek-old healthy and clean grade C57BL/6 male mice w ere randomly divided into either a DHLF model group or a sham operation group. Each group w as redivided into 4 subgroups according to the time points of 2, 6, 12, and 24 h (10 in each group). The bilateral carotid arteries of the DHLF model group w ere clipped and a DHLF model w as established, w hile the carotid arteries of the sham operation group w ere not clipped. The mice w ere sacrified at each time point and the brain tissue w as removed. The total RNA w as extracted. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction w as used to detect miRNA expression. Results Compared w ith the sham operation group, the expression levels of 9 miRNAs w ere upregulated, 2 w ere dow n-regulated, and 1 did not have any significant change in the DHLF model group. Conclusions The expression levels of 11 miRNAs changed significantly after DHLF. It might have a regulatory role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after DHLF.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the separation and detection of related substances in baicalein,identify its structure and preliminarily explore the degradation mechanism. METHODS:HPLC was adopted to detect the baicalein,related impurities and forced destruction of degradation products in synthesis process:the column was ES Industries? FluoroSep-RP Phenyl with mobile phase of 0.3%formic acid-methanol-acetonitrile(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was 275 nm,the column temperature was 10℃,and the injection volume was 10μL. LC-MS/MS was conducted to identify the related substances and conjecture degradation mechanism:the column was ES Industries? FluoroSep-RP Phenyl with mobile phase of 0.3%formic acid- methanol (gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was 275 nm,column temperature was 10℃,and the injection volume was 10μL;ion source was electrospray ion source,positive and negative ions,nebulizer pressure was 55 psi and the drying gas flow was 11 L/min,drying gas temperature was 350℃,capillary voltage was 4.0 kV,detection modes were full-scan first-order MS and selective ion full-scan second-order MS,scan ranges were m/z 100-1000 (first-order MS) and 50-500(second-order MS),ionization voltage was 80-135 eV,and the collision energy was 10-30 eV. RESULTS:The linear range of baicalein was 2.4-480μg/mL(r=0.9999);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0%;the limit of quantitation was 7.2 ng,the limit of detection was 2.4 ng. Baicalein was well separated with related substance and 3 major degradation products,the related substance was chemical synthesis precursor wood butterfly;the degradation products were 6,7-quinone derivatives and 7,8-quinone derivatives,which were isomers;oxidative degradation products were benzoic acid phenyl ester derivatives. CONCLUSIONS:The main mechanisms of alkali degradation and oxidative degradation of baicalein include pyran, reciprocal rearrangement and oxidation reaction;the established method is specific and sensitive,and can be used for the detection of related substances in baicalein.

Background: The rate of death among people living with HIV/AIDS has decreased significantly as a result of treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, the issues of drug induced toxicities and complexity of current HAART regimens has remained of great concern. The aim of this study was to determine factors influencing antiretroviral regimen changes among people living with HIV/AIDS in China. Methods: This retrospective study collected data through face-to-face interviews with people living with HIV/AIDS who were receiving HAART, and gathered relevant information from infectious disease hospitals. The following information were collected: social-demographic characteristics, antiretroviral therapies, CD4 cell counts, virus loads, reasons for changing medication and other related data. Mean and percentages were used to describe the frequency of regimen change among patients, and binary logistic regression was employed to test the factors influencing regimen change. Results: 1,123 people who had experienced regimen change were included in the analysis. On average, patients remained on HAART for 10.2 months before changing regimen, and the average CD4 cell count and viral load (VL) were 383.1 cells/μl and 28,132.4 copies/mL respectively when changing regimen. The reasons for modification were determined as treatment failure (52.5％), adverse reactions (32.3％), and other reasons including pregnancy (15.2％). There are significant differences in regimen change among people with different genders (P<0.001), modes of transmission (P<0.001), duration of HAART (P<0.001) and initial CD4 cell counts (P=0.0024). Males, drug users, people taking long-term medication, and those with lower initial CD4 counts when starting HAART tend to change regimen. Conclusion: Treatment failure was the main reason for the change of HAART regimen. Males, drug users, people on long-term medication and those with lower initial CD4 cell counts when starting HAART were most likely to change regimen.

BACKGROUND: Recently the prevalence rate of mass in mammary gland increases significantly than before. To use which kind of technology is not only related with the post-operation recurrence, but also related with the reconstruction of their confidence. Therefore, how to reduce the trauma physically and psychologically in patients to the maximal degree has become the chief factor to choose technology by surgeons.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap, latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap with breast prothesis, local flap and simple breast prothesis after skin-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction.DESIGN: Case analysis.SETTING: Department of Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital,Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 15 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and huge breast benign tumor patients were enrolled into Shenzhen People's Hospital between October 1997 and May 2004, aged from 20 to 46 years. They all got disease in single breast, and 8 of them had preoperative diagnosis of DCIS, T1N0M0 and 7 of them had huge breast benign tumor. Operation program was informed to the patients before operation so as to gain their agreement.METHODS: Skin-sparing mastectomy was performed with circular shape incision at areola and using TRAM flap, latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap with breast prothesis, local flap and simple breast prothesis to fill breast. Slight skin of musculo-cutaneous flap could compensate the nipple and areola when performing reconstruction. At the reoperation, nipple was made at the transferred flap.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To observe the patients with or without recurrence or transfer after operation and local healing of wound.RESULTS: With the cooperation of general surgeons the operation was done in 15 cases and 14 cases of them were followed up for more than 1 year. The reconstructed breasts were with good symmetry with the opposite one, normal skin sensation, natural shape and inconspicuous scar.CONCLUSION: This is an excellent alternative method for mastectomy and breast reconstruction based on the avoidance of recurrence of breast cancer in severe operation.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of root canal therapy for periapical periodontitis of maxillary primary incisors accompanied by crown defects .Methods :A total of 114 children patients with periapical periodontitis of maxillary primary incisors (162) accompanied by crown defects ,who were admitted for root canal therapy during January 2010 and December 2012 ,were allocated into the caries group (85 incisors) and the trauma group(77 incisors)according to whether they had trauma history or not .Among them ,there were 75 incisors from 2‐3 years group and 87 incisors from 3‐4 years group .The efficacy analysis were conducted after one year root canal therapy with Vitapex calcium hydroxide paste from J .Morita Corporation . Results :The total cure rate was 62 .35% during one year follow‐up .The cure rate in trauma group was lower than that in the caries group ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .01) .The cure rate of 2‐3 years group was lower than that of 3‐4 years group ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .There was no significant difference regarding cure rate among children with different genders or mobility degrees ,as well as with or without sinus(P>0 .05) .Conclusions :The long term efficacy of root canal therapy for periapical periodontitis of maxillary primary incisors with traumatic history is inferior to that for periapical periodontitis of maxillary primary incisors caused by caries .