Basic research program is essential to the investigation of the pathogenesis of ocular diseases and the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment for these diseases. With increasing support of research grants at various levels, basic research in ophthalmology has gained great achievement in China in recent years. A number of studies have recently been published in well known peer-review international journals and won the State Scientific and Technological Progress Awards. However, we have to keep it in mind that basic research in ophthalmology should be improved qualitatively meanwhile, the imbalance in basic study among different areas needs to be resolved in the near future.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH)syndrome is an autoimmune disease attacking against pigmented cells, resulting in blindness and usually affecting multiple organs including ears, meninges, hair and skin.Correct diagnosis and immediate treatment in the early stage is vital to visual prognosis.Currently, corticosteroids is first-line drug.In addition, VKH patients refractory to corticosteroids can choose other treatment such as immunosuppressive agents and biological agents.

?Acute retinal necrosis syndrome ( ARN) is a serious eye disease, which caused by Herpes virus mostly, with unknown pathogenesis. Because of the aggressive progression, treatment of ARN is difficult, and the blindness rate is extremely high. Current treatment strategies are the combination of the drug therapy and the operative treatment. Drugs commonly used are antiviral drugs, glucocorticoids, and antiplatelet drugs, and the operative treatment includes laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety,therapeutic effect and complications of the operation of multi-section osteotomy and intramedullary fixation for children with osteogenesis impeffecta.Methods One hundred and twenty-three children with osteogenesis imperfecta,including 85 males and 39 females,were selected from August 2005 to August 2008.According to the modified Sillence classification,45 cases was in type Ⅲ,74 in type Ⅳ,and 5 in type Ⅴ.Patients' age was ranging from 2 years and 1 month to 15 years and 7 months (mean,8 years and 3 months).The location of osteotomy was established according to the pre-operative measurement of X-ray image,and all the procedures of osteotomy were completed under direct vision.Then we chose the intramedullary pin with suitable size and insert the pin into femur from greater trochanter,and tibia from pelma.After the surgery,external fixation (spica cast for the femur,long leg plaster cast for the tibia) was made for further stabilization.Plaster supporters were removed 6 weeks later and all children began to stand and walk under the protection of orthoses.In addition,all patients received the treatment of pamidronate disodium periodically.ResultsAll 123 children were followed up for an average of 38months (range,13-64 months).Parents of all children were satisfied with the result of surgical operation,and the children's self-care and motion ability improved obviously.Fourteen children were performed the second operation due to the translocation of Rush pin,and 25 children changed the internal fixation because of the shorter Rush pin 2 years postoperatively.Bone delayed union was not found in all patients.Conclusion Multi-section osteotomy and intramedullary fixation for children with osteogenesis imperfecta could correct skeletal deformity,improve motion ability and avoid second fracture efficiently.However,such complications as translocation of intramedullary pin and changing the internal fixation with the growth of child need to pay more attention.

ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the outcomes of missed Monteggia fractures in children treated with ulnar angulation-distraction osteotomy and plate fixation or external fixation.Methods Nineteen patients,including 11 boys and 8 girls who presented with missed Monteggia fracture,were reviewed from July 2005 to June 2011.Twelve children (Group A) were treated with ulna angulation osteotomy and plate fixation,and 7 eases(Group B) with ulna angulation-distraction osteotomy and external fixator.Thirteen patients were classified as type Bado Ⅰ,and six as type Bado Ⅲ.The age,the delay from injury to surgery,complications,elbow and forearm function,and the healing time of the osteotomy were compared.ResultsAll 19 patients were followed up.The duration of missed dislocation was from 6 to 36 months (mean,10 months).Redislocation of the radiocapitellar joint occurred after surgery in one case in group A.Forearm compartment syndrome occurred in one case after surgery in group B.All patients,except one,regained full elbow flexion in group A and B,various forearm pronation limitation were noted in all patients (mean,15°).The average healing of osteotomy of group A and B was 8 weeks(6-15 weeks) and 22 weeks (10-44 weeks).ConclusionThe ulnar angulation-distraction osteotomy could correct the ulnar deformity in children of missed Monteggia fractures,which is the key issue to be corrected.Both of the fixation strategies can obtain the same treatment results.Preoperative assessment is most important,plate internal fixation was recommended for young age and short delay cases,on the contrary,we prefer to choose external fixator.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of mesohepatectomy for large and centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 136 pa tients who underwent mesohepatectomy for large and centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma at Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,from 2001 to 2007.Intraoperative/post operative data and long-term survivals were analyzed.Results Vascular occlusion time,operative time,intraoperative blood loss,intraoperative blood transfusion and hospital stay were (13.3 ± 9.1) min,(173.1 ±41.1)min,(548.7±320.5)ml,(511.4±231.7)ml and (18.6±8.8)d,respectively.Four patients developed major complications.There was no in-hospital death.The 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates and disease-free survival rates were 71％,46％,29％ and 65％,40％,24％,respectively.Conclusions Mesohepatectomy for large and centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma preserved the maximum amount of functional liver parenchyma.It is safe and reliable and may be used as the treatment of choice.

Objective To evaluate the effect of greater trochanteric transfer for the treatment of coxa brevis in children and adolescents.Methods From August 2005 to January 2011,twenty patients (22 hips)with coxa brevis underwent greater trochanteric transfer.Among them 18 patients (20 hips) were available for evaluation,including 4 boys and 14 girls,with an average age of 11.4 years (range,7.5-15.0 years) at operation.Five cases (6 hips) were caused by Perthes disease,and 13 cases (14 hips) were caused by developmental dysplasia of hip.Four patients (4 hips) had undergone greater trochanteric epiphyseodesis ever before.All patients were fixed with tension screw after the deformity was corrected during the operation.After operation,the human plaster spica was used for 6 weeks in all patients.Results All patients were followed up for 14 to 79 months (average,31 months).At the last follow-up,fatigue or pain in the hips disappeared or improved in 13 patients.Sixteen patients had limping and positive Trendelenburg sign preoperatively,at the last follow-up 9 patients got improvement.Twelve patients (13 hips) had limitation of abduction of the hip,the average range of abduction was 25.38°±1.20°,which was improved to 45.38°±1.05° at the last follow-up.The average articulotrochanteric distance and ratio of the distance from the greater trochanter tip to femoral head center and the radius of the femoral head at the last follow-up was (17.47+3.14)mm and 2.10±0.21,respectively,there were statistical differences compared with those before operation [(-2.89±4.62) mm and 1.59±0.22,respectiovely].The average leg-length discrepancy at the last follow-up was (0.78t±0.26) cm,which had on statistical differences compared with that [(0.83 ±0.33) cm]before operation.Conclusion Greater trochanteric transfer for the treatment of coxa brevis in children and adolescents could improve the clinical symptom,recover the normal anatomy of the proximal femoral,restore the hip biomechanics environment,but could uot improve the leg-length discrepancy.

Objective To evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) using metal-on-metal prosthesis with large diameter femoral head.Methods From October 2007 to December 2007,41 patients (49 hips) underwent large diameter femoral head metal-on-metal THA in our hospital were involved in this study.Clinical outcomes measures were Harris score,hip range of motion and incidence of complications.Abduction angle and anteversion angle of cup were measured on radiological films.The radiolucent line and osteolysis around the prosthesis were also recorded.Results Thirty-nine patients (47 hips) were followed up at least 2 years.The average Harris hip score had improved from (43.8±13.1) points preoperatively to (92.0±5.4) points at final follow-up.All the patients had attained satisfactory results.No late complication happened.For the rang of motion at final follow-up:flexion of the hip had improved from 79.8° to 113.2°,abduction had improved from 20.9° to 40.2°,external rotation had improved from 12.0° to 30.8°.Radiological measurement showed the mean abduction angle of cup was 39.5°±4.9°,the mean anteversion angle of cup was 14.5°±2.1°.No radiolucent line and osteolysis were found after THA.Conclusion The short-term effects of THA using metal-on-metal prosthesis with large diameter femoral head is encouraging,especially for young patients.

In order to investigate the hygienic characteristic of anti-immersion trousers, ten male soldiers dressed in the trousers or in camouflage trousers were subjected to exercise test and sedentary test respectively at room temperature of 17?2℃. In the test, eleven parameters such as core temperature, skin temperature, heat flow and so on were observed. The results indicated that in sedentary tests, the low limb heat flow of the subjects dressed in anti-immersion trousers was larger than that dressed in camouflage trousers; the heat insulation value of anti-immersion trousers was smaller than that of camouflage trousers; and for the other parameters, there was no evident difference between the two group. It suggested that when used on land, hygiene characteristic and effect on body heat balance of the anti-immersion trousers were similar to those of camouflage trousers.

Objective To discuss a method combining serum‐pharmacology and electrophysiology technology ,and to research the mechanism of dilating porcine coronary artery of sodium tanshinone Ⅱ‐A sulfonate (DS‐201) .Methods To give mice intragastric administration solution and measure DS‐201 concentration in mice serum ,and apply the serum to single channel patch to research its effect on big conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels(BKca ) in porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells (PCASMCs) . Results The linear range of concentration containing DS‐201 serum was 0 .73 to 1 .91 μg/mL (r=0 .997 7) ,the recycle rate was 99 .85% -101 .47% ,and the concentration was(7 .32 ± 4 .25)μg/mL ;the result indicates that serum containing DS‐201 has activa‐tion effects on BKCa in PCASMCs ,while there was no statistical significance (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The establishment method of the alcohol extraction of Danshen is useful and reliable .The HPLC method of measuring DS‐201 concentration is precise .Choosing higher quality drugs or raising bioavailability can improve combination of the serum pharmacology and electrophysiological tech‐nique .