Objective The present study was to differentiate the hyperdensities on CT immediately after intra-arterial thrombolysis in patients with acute isehemic stroke.Methods Twenty two patients with acute ischemic stroke were treated with intra-arterial combining with intravenous thrombolysis within 6 hours after onset.All patients underwent nonenhaneed CT scans before,immediately and 24 hours after thrombolytic therapy.The hyperdensities on CT after intra-arterial thrombolysis were analyzed retrospectively.Results Five hyperdense areas were seen in 22 patients immediately after thrombolytie therapy.According to their locations, CT values and follow-up CT scans,the hyperdensities on CT imaging were classified into two groups:contrast enhancement and hemorrhagic transformation.The former was characterized by rapid clearance of the hyperdensity lesion with maximum Hounsifild Unit＜90,on the contrary,the latter was noted by persistence of hyperdensity lesion after 24 hours CT scan with maximum Hounsifild Unit＞90.Two of the five hyperdense lesion patients were confirmed to be contrast enhancement with location in cerebral cortex,the other were hemorrhagic transformation,mostly located in basal ganglia.Hyperdensity in patients with contrast enhancement showed neurological improvement although no further medical cares were offered.Conclusions Different kind of hyperdensity on CT immediately after intra-arterial thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke can be differentiated according to its location,CT value and follow-up CT scan.When contrast enhancement occurred,no further medical care is needed.

AIM: Accommodation is one of the most important functions of human eye, while its mechanism is still under discussion. This paper aimed to study accommodation mechanism with numerical simulation.METHODS: A simulation model was constructed to study the mechanism of accommodation based on the experimental data derived from published resources. The displacement and pressure are applied on the model to study the deformation of lens during accommodating.RESULTS: The simulation showed that, as the eye was accommodating, the thickness of the lens increased linearly,and the lens diameter decreased linearly. The optical power of the lens increased as the accommodation increased. This result was accord with the public facts in accommodation.Furthermore, the pressure was found to have a great influence on the shape of the lens and the optical power. The lens became thinner and flatter as the pressure increased and the pressure caused a remarkable increase of lens' optical power.CONCLUSION: The outcome of this paper is consistent with the Helmholtz's hypothesis on accommodation to some extent. The analytical model presented in this paper can be used in the theoretical study of the accommodation mechanism of the human lens.

Objective To compare the differences between Hertel exophthalmometry and CT on exophthalmos measurement,and explore its practical application value in forensic medicine.Methods Fifty-six normal individuals without eye injuries or diseases were selected as the control group.The absolute values of exophthalmos were measured in the standardized CT image workstation.The difference of binocular exophthalmos was compared in normal group.Forty-seven cases with unilateral orbital fracture were divided into injured eye group and normal eye group according to the presence of binocular orbital fractures.The differences of the absolute values of eophthalmos from the same eye and the relative values of eophthalmos between two eyes for same person measured by Hertel exophthalmometry and CT were analyzed.Results There was no statistical difference of exophthalmos between the normal eyes measured by CT method.In the normal eye group,the absolute value of exophthalmos measured by CT method was (16.66±5.41) rm,which was (16.16±4.45)mm when measured by the Hertel exophthalmometry method.There was no statistical difference between two groups (P＞0.05).In the injured eye group,there was statistical difference between the absolute values of exophthalmos measured by two measurement methods (P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference of the relative values of exophthalmos between the injured eyes and the normal eyes by two measurement methods (P＞0.05).Conclusion CT method has a good consistency with Hertel exophthalmometry,which can be applied into the practice of medicolegal expertise.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Chinese herbs for supplementing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation on heart function of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODSOne hundred patients with ACS after successful PCI were randomly assigned to a Western medicine (WM) treatment group (WMG) and a combined treatment group (CMG) treated by Chinese herbs for supplementing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation, besides Western medicine treatment, with 50 cases in each group. Both treatment courses were 6 months. The followup was scheduled at baseline, 6 months and 1 year after PCI, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, Chinese medicine (CM) symptom scores, blood stasis syndrome scores, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were observed, serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and hyper-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) were measured, an echocardiogram was conducted to examine left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), inter-ventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), and ventricular wall motion index (VWMI).

RESULTSCompared with the baseline, LVEF significantly increased (P<0.01), and CM symptom scores, blood stasis syndrome scores, VWMI, LVEDV, LVESV, NT-proBNP, and Hs-CRP all decreased (P<0.01) in both groups at 6 months and at 1 year after PCI. There were no significant differences in all the above parameters at 1 year vs those at 6 months after PCI (P>0.05). VWMI, LVEDV, LVESV, NT-proBNP, Hs-CRP, LVEF, and CM symptom and blood stasis syndrome scores were all improved obviously in CMG than those in WMG (P<0.05 or P<0.01) at 6 months and at 1 year after PCI. There were no significant differences in NYHA functional class between CMG and WMG at different follow-up timepoints; it was notable that value was 0.054 when comparing the cases of NYHA functional class between the two groups at 1-year follow-up. During the 1-year follow-up, 3 MACE and 11 MACE occurred in CMG and WMG, respectively; the MACE rate in CMG was lower than that in WMG (6% vs 22%, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONChinese herbs for supplementing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation could improve heart function, reduce the CM symptom scores and blood stasis syndrome scores, and decrease the incidence of MACE in patients with ACS after successful PCI.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; surgery ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Cardiotonic Agents ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronary Circulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Function Tests ; drug effects ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood ; New York ; Peptide Fragments ; blood ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; adverse effects ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Qi ; Societies, Medical ; Syndrome ; Ultrasonography ; Yin-Yang

OBJECTIVETo study the relation between histopathologic grading and some of the cytogenetic and molecular biology characteristics of breast cancer.

METHODSOn the basis of estrogen receptor (ER) expression, DNA content, S-phase fraction (SPF), bcl-2 and mutant p53 protein (mtp53) expression were examined by FCM in 121 breast cancer patients. In 66 patients with invasive ductal breast cancer, histopathologic grading was also examined.

RESULTSThe aneuploidy rate and DNA index (DI) were significantly different in grade I, II and III breast cancer. SPF and mtp53 expression significantly increased with increase in histopathologic grading (P < 0.05), but bcl-2 did not show this trend. SPF and mtp53 expression were significantly more in breast cancer with negative ER than in those with positive ER (P < 0.05). Again, no such differences in bcl-2 regardless of ER expression. Correlations existed between DI vs SPF, DI vs mtp53, and SPF vs mtp53 expressions (P < 0.01) but bcl-2 did not correlate with any one of them.

CONCLUSIONCytogenetic and molecular biology studies on the basis of histopathologic grading may provide more information in prognostic prediction of breast cancer.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aneuploidy ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; DNA, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, Estrogen ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; S Phase ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Cycloheximide (CHX) inhibits protein synthesis in most eukaryotic cells and it is a well-known tool commonly used in biochemical research. In this paper, the antiviral spectrum of CHX against several DNA and RNA viruses have been evaluated. CHX showed strong inhibitory activities against several RNA viruses such as HIV-1, influenza viruses, coxsackie B virus, enterovirus (EV71) and several DNA viruses such as HSV and HCMV. Especially the strong inhibitory activities of CHX against coxsackie B virus and enterovirus caught our attention, since effective drugs available in clinic are limited. The SAR of CHX derivatives also has been discussed in the paper. The hydroxyl group at C-2' and carbonyl group at C-2" of CHX are essential for its antiviral activity. And modification to these groups results its derivatives' antiviral activities reduced or lost.
Antiviral Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cycloheximide ; analogs & derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; DNA Viruses ; drug effects ; Enterovirus ; drug effects ; Enterovirus B, Human ; drug effects ; Humans ; RNA Viruses ; drug effects

Objective To establish the brain injured models induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the infantile rats, and then, investigate the expression changes ofneutrophil elastase (NE) in the models to explore its mechanism. Methods Eighty 1-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into LPS inducement group (injected LPS via external carotid, n=40) and control group (injected normal saline via external carotid, n=40). Each group was equally subdivided into 2 subgroups: 24 and 48 h after the injection groups, respectively. Rats were drawn blood at different time points to detect the content of NE,and then, they were decapitated to detect the content of NE and Evans blue (EB) by the methods of formamide and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results The content of EB and NE in the brain tissue and the content of NE in the serum in LPS inducement group were significantly higher than those in the control group at each time point (P＜0.05). Positive correlation was noted between the content of NE and EB in the brain tissue 24 and 48 h after the LPS inducement (r =0.903, P＜0.00 1; r =0.908, P＜0.001). Conclusion NE involves in the process of infectious brain injury of infantile rats,which is positively correlated to the damage degree of blood-brain-barrier.

Objective To evaluate the application effect of broth microdilution(BMD)method in susceptibility testing of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MDR-MTB).Methods The Roche's proportion method and BMD method were adopted in drug susceptibility testing on 108 MDR-MTB strains and 11 non-MDR-MTB strains in Hainan Province.Whole genome sequencing(WGS)was performed on strains with inconsistent results by the above two methods.Results The average time to acquire drug susceptibility testing results by Roche's propor-tional method and BMD method were 28.0 and 8.5 days,respectively.Roche's proportional method showed higher resistance rates to isoniazid(INH),rifampicin(RFP),ethambutol(EMB),kanamycin(KM),and capreomycin(CPM)than BMD method(all P＜0.001).BMD method showed higher resistance rates to protionamide(PTO)and para-aminosalicylic acid(PAS)than Roche's proportional method(both P＜0.001).Taking Roche's proportional method as the gold standard,the sensitivity and specificity of BMD method for testing drug resistance were 50.00％-100％and 95.69％-100％,respectively.Except EMB(87.39％)and INH(94.96％),the consistency rates of the BMD method in testing drug resistance of other drugs were all ≥95.00％.The overall consistency rate between Roche's proportional method and WGS was 76.19％(32/42),while the consistency rate between BMD method and WGS was 23.81％(10/42),difference was statistically significant(x2=23.048,P＜0.001).34 MTB strains showed inconsistent results by two drug susceptibility testing methods.Among the 26 MTB strains that were resis-tant in Roche's proportion method but sensitive in BMD method,22 strains(84.62％)had mutations in relevant re-sistance genes.Among the 11 MTB strains that were sensitive in Roche's proportion method but resistant in BMD method,5 strains(45.45％)had mutations in relevant resistance genes.Conclusion BMD method is an accurate and rapid MDR-MTB susceptibility testing method,but further improvement and optimization are still needed.Drug resistance is closely related to mutations in relevant resistance genes.

To explore the anti-HSV-1 effect of silencing gD gene expression by RNA interference, five 21-nucleotide duplex small interfering RNAs(siRNAs) targeting the HSV1 gD sequence were designed and the gD-EGFP fusion gene expression vector was constructed, then co-transfected into Vero cell, and screened the effective siRNA through analyzing the intensity of the EGFP fluorescence. Finally, the anti-HSV1 effect was confirmed by plaque reduction assay, real-time PCR and daughter virus titration of HSV1 infected Vero cells transfected with siRNAs. The study demonstrated that siRNAs could effectively and specifically inhibit gD gene expression in HSV1-infected cells, but only had a little effect on HSV1 infection, so taking gD as the target of siRNA against HSV1 needs further study.
Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Vero Cells ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of susceptibility loci in chromosomes 1q21-25 and 6p21-25 and schizophrenia subtypes in Chinese population.

METHODSA genomic scan and parametric and non-parametric analyses were performed on 242 individuals from 36 schizophrenia pedigrees, including 19 paranoid schizophrenia and 17 undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees, from Henan province of China using 5 microsatellite markers in the chromosome region 1q21-25 and 8 microsatellite markers in the chromosome region 6p21-25, which were the candidates of previous studies. All affected subjects were diagnosed and typed according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revised (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). All subjects signed informed consent.

RESULTSIn chromosome 1, parametric analysis under the dominant inheritance mode of all 36 pedigrees showed that the maximum multi-point heterogeneity Log of odds score method (HLOD) score was 1.33 (α = 0.38). The non-parametric analysis and the single point and multi-point nonparametric linkage (NPL) scores suggested linkage at D1S484, D1S2878, and D1S196. In the 19 paranoid schizophrenias pedigrees, linkage was not observed for any of the 5 markers. In the 17 undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees, the multi-point NPL score was 1.60 (P= 0.0367) at D1S484. The single point NPL score was 1.95(P= 0.0145) and the multi-point NPL score was 2.39 (P= 0.0041) at D1S2878. Additionally, the multi-point NPL score was 1.74 (P= 0.0255) at D1S196. These same three loci showed suggestive linkage during the integrative analysis of all 36 pedigrees. In chromosome 6, parametric linkage analysis under the dominant and recessive inheritance and the non-parametric linkage analysis of all 36 pedigrees and the 17 undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees, linkage was not observed for any of the 8 markers. In the 19 paranoid schizophrenias pedigrees, parametric analysis showed that under recessive inheritance mode the maximum single-point HLOD score was 1.26 (α = 0.40) and the multi-point HLOD was 1.12 (α = 0.38) at D6S289 in the chromosome 6p23. In nonparametric analysis, the single-point NPL score was 1.52 (P= 0.0402) and the multi-point NPL score was 1.92 (P= 0.0206) at D6S289.

CONCLUSIONSusceptibility genes correlated with undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees from D1S484, D1S2878, D1S196 loci, and those correlated with paranoid schizophrenia pedigrees from D6S289 locus are likely present in chromosome regions 1q23.3 and 1q24.2, and chromosome region 6p23, respectively.

Adult ; Chromosomes, Human ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Loci ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Schizophrenia ; genetics ; Young Adult