Objective To investigate the state of endemic fluorosis, running status of water improvement project to reduce fluoride in Jiangsu province, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of endemic fluorosis. Methods In 2008, in the ten key counties of endemic fluorosis (zone), in Xuzhou,Lianyungang and Suqian, a stratified sampling method was employed to select 40 diseased villages according to their past water fluoride survey data. All children aged 8 to 12 were examined dental fluorosis, and all adults over 16 years were examined clinical skeletal fluorosis. Thirty per cent of the 40 diseased villages were selected, and 20 adults over the age of 16 in each selected village were examined by X-ray, respectively;50% of the 40 diseased villages were selected, and 30 any time urine samples of children aged 8 to 12 in each diseased village were tested urine fluoride. In each city, select a county, the status of water improvement project to reduce fluoride, water supply capacity and coverage in the county were investigated. Results A total of 3560 children aged 8 to 12 were examined, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 38.51% (1371/3560), tooth defect rate was 5.34% (190/3560), and dental fluorosis index was 0.8. Seven hundred and eight urine samples were tested, the median urinary fluoride was 1.47 mg/L and the range was 0.08 ~ 10.08 mg/L. Clinical detection of skeletal fluorosis was 21.3% among adults over the age of 16, and X-ray detection rate of skeletal fluorosis was 39.2% (123/314).Investigated a total of 248 facilities of centralized water improvement projects, no funds to run or damaged 49, the water fluoride > 1.0 mg/L was 18. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis in Northern Jiangsu province has not been controlled completely, but has a rising trend, we should further strengthen the supervision of water fluoride reduction.

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Interferons ; therapeutic use ; Leukemia, Mast-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mastocytosis, Cutaneous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mastocytosis, Systemic ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Radiography ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Spleen ; pathology ; surgery ; Splenectomy ; Tryptases ; metabolism

The gene types of breast cancer can be classified into three types according to its molecules: Luminal type A, Luminal type B, HER-2-positive type, triple negative type. Authors combined pathological characteristics of breast cancer, biological characteristics, and comprehensive treatment, used syndrome typing based medication, and explored treatment meticulous ideas and methods of "treating the same disease with different methods" as well as "different treatment methods in accordance with patients individually".
Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics

Endoscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Intestine, Small ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Objective To investigate the correlation between apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms and expression of p38MAPK of injured astrocytes in the early stage.Methods Scratch injury to astrocytes of three different alleles of APOE (ε2,ε3,andε4) was induced.RT-PCR and Western-blot were applied to detect dynamic changes of intracellular p38MAPK before injury and at 12,24,48,and 72 hours postinjury.Results Expression of p38MAPK in APOEε2,ε3,andε4 astrocytes increased gradually over time,whereas before and 12-hour after injury,the difference was insignificant in pair comparison (P ＞ 0.05).p38MAPK in APOEε2,ε3,andε4 astrocytes revealed progressive up-regulation at 24,48,and 72 hours postinjury,but the expression in APOEε4 astrocytes was the highest (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In the early period of injury,highly expressed p38MAPK in APOEε4 astrocytes indicates a more active p38MAPK-induced inflammatory response in APOEε4 carriers which may contribute to acute exacerbation and poor outcome.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of Rituximab (RTX) in treating children with refractory steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS).Methods:The clinical data of 10 children with refractory SRNS receiving RTX in the Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital from September 2013 to March 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The age of onset of 10 children (including 5 males and 5 females) was (4.47±2.75) years old.The renal biopsy showed focal segmental glomerular sclerosis in 5 cases (50%), minimal change nephropathy in 3 cases (30%), IgM nephropathy in 1 case (10%), and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in 1 case (10%). Ten children received RTX treatment (1 or 4 doses; 375 mg/m 2 once; maximum: 500 mg) at the age of (6.74±2.62) years old.There were 8 patients (80%) receiving a single dose of RTX, 1 patient (10%) receiving 3 doses, and 1 patient (10%) receiving 8 doses.The follow-up time was 11.93 (5.17, 25.66) months.The remission rates at the 3-month follow-up, 6-month follow-up and last follow-up were 30% (3 patients), 40% (4 patients), and 40% (4 patients), respectively.The 24-hour urinary proteinuria and serum albumin levels were improved in 10 children after RTX treatment, but there were no significant statistical difference(all P>0.05). No significant difference was found in humoral immunity and renal function before and after RTX treatment (all P>0.05). During the treatment and follow-up, 3 patients (30%) developed infusion reaction, 2 patients (20%) showed severe pulmonary infection, and 1 patient (10%) died of severe pulmonary infection. Conclusions:RTX is effective in treating some children with refractory SRNS, and a long-term follow-up should be conducted to prevent infection.

AIM: To test the ability of multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) in the detecting of glaucoma by comparing the mfVEP recorded from normal subjects and glaucoma patients.METHODS: The mfVEP of 32 normal eyes (n =21) and of 58 eyes (n =37) with primary glaucoma were recorded with the Vision Monitor electrophysical apparatus by the second kernel analysis and to determine the correlation of the topographic location between them.RESULTS: There were significant variability (the coefficient of variation was 43.05%) in mfVEP RMS amplitude in the normal subjects; The RMS amplitude of eyes with glaucoma were smaller than that of the normal eyes and significantly statistical difference were found in the relatively center (namely the 0° -10° ring zone) and in superior nasal quadrant (P＜0.05) while there were no significantly statistical differences of the latency time between them.CONCLUSION: The normal subjects have large individual variability of mfVEP responses. The RMS amplitude of the mfVEP of glaucomatous eyes descends, especially in center zone and superior nasal quadrant.

OBJECTIVETo observe effects of serum Bushen Huoxue prescription(Chinese characters) on classic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways of osteoblasts, and explore mechanism of Bushen Huoxue prescription (Chinese characters) for preventing osteoporosis.

METHODSTwenty health female rats were randomly divided into two groups, including Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group and saline group,10 in each group. Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group and Saline group were gavaged Bushen Huoxue and saline every day for 1 week. Bushenhuoxue containing serum and saline containing serum were got according to methods of serum preparation of drug-containing. The osteoblasts was cultured with neonatal rat skull according to Enzyme Consumer Law, and was identified by Wright-Giemsa staining (R-J) and alkaline phosphatase staining (ALP). The third generation of osteoblasts was divided into three groups, including saline group, normal group,Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group. Each group were added to 15% appropriate medium. ALP activity of osteoblasts and osteoblasts proliferation rate were tested, mineralized nodules were observed, the expression of β-catenin, Runx2, Osx mRNA of osteoblasts were tested by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThere was blue granules in cytoplasm, cell nucleus was flint with 1 to 3 nucleoli showed by R-J staining, morphology of osteoblasts were cultured. ALP staining showed cytoplasm with purple granules, the results showed that the cultured cell was osteoblasts. The content of ALP in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group was (6.272±0.131) ,appreciation rate was (0.81? 0.172), and could significantly improve differentiation and proliferation activity of osteoblasts compared with Saline group (P< 0.01). There were four different size orange nodules, the Maximun nodule was 1.0 x 1.0 cm in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group after Alizarin red staining, the results showed Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group could obviously improve mineralization of osteoblasts. The expression of mRNA of β-catenin, Runx2 and Osx in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group were (1.782±0.944), (1.935±0.994) and (1.610±0.811) by RT-PCR,it was significantly increased compared with saline group (P<0.01), but there was no difference between Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group and normal group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONBushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group could obviously promote differentiation, proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts through activation of Wnt, β-catenin signaling pathway. It suggested that the mechanism of action of Bushen Huoxue (O'f f Il.t)particle clould prevent osteoporosis through the activation of Wnt, β-catenin signaling pathway.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Wnt Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; drug effects ; beta Catenin ; genetics ; metabolism

Knee osteoarthritis is one of the common type of arthropathy, the clinical stage of the typical patients belongs to the middle-late stage, so it urges to improve the early diagnosis. At present, magnetic resonance imaging is most used in clinical diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis, and with the development of different MRI sequences, the sequences of early articular cartilage lesions are used in clinic. In the early diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis, the simple and practical methods such as ultrasonography is becoming a trend, and the specific biomarkers of early knee osteoarthritis have become the hot research. This overview article outlined the methods of early diagnosis from the ultrashort echo time MRI, ultrasonography and biomarkers.
Biomarkers ; analysis ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Radiography ; Ultrasonography

ObjectiveTo study the metastructure volumes of medial temporal lobe in diagnosis the patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) using 3 dimensional MRI.Methods23 AD patients according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria and 23 normal controls (NC) were examined with 3D-MRI.Hippocampus formation,amygdala,entorhinal cortex ( EC ),perirhinal cortex ( PC),and comu temporale were measured with 3D-MRI.ResultsSensitivity and specificity of diagnosis AD were 73.9％,97％ ( Hippocampus formation) ;39.1％,95.7％ (amygdala) ;73.9％,95.7％ (EC) ;95.7％,87.0％ (PC) and 34.8％,39.1％ ( cornu temporale).Overall discriminate function =cornu temporal × 3.887 + PC × 5.960 - EC × 0.074 + amygdale × 3.489 + hippocampus formation × 6.656- 22.449.Over-all-accuracy was 91.3％.ConclusionThe total volume of PC can better diagnosis the mild to moderate AD than other structure of medial temporal lobe.The changes of the medial temporal lobe volume could be used in diagnosis the patients with Alzheimer's disease.