4 days, so it is recommended to screen such premature infants carefully.

AlM: To find out the weaknesses of the cultivation of the Chinese ophthalmology physicians and the gap between Chinese and the international ophthalmology physicians, so that provide the advice on the future cultivation of the Chinese ophthalmology physicians.
METHODS: The passrate of the 2013 lCO examinations taken by worldwide examiners by common statistical methods was analyzed.
RESULTS:The results indicated that the test scores of Chinese candidates' were lower than that of the international average level, there was a obvious gap existed between Chinese and other countries' ophthalmology physicians. lt showed that Chinese candidates were not quite adaptable to this examination, basic science and clinical level needed to be improved.
CONCLUSlON:lt may shows that the effects on the mid-anaphase of our country's ophthalmology residency training are not so good, which area we should pay more attentions.

Objective To study the expression level and clinical significance of bcl-XL gene in childhood medulloblastoma.Methods The expression of Bcl-XL protein and bcl-XL mRNA were determined by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization in 41 samples of medulloblastoma tissues,as well as 20 normal brain tissues.Results The positive rate of Bcl-XL protein(90.2%) and bclXL mRNA(95.1%) in medulloblastoma group were significantly higher than those in normal human brain tissues(all P

To investigate the utility of optomap panoramic 200Tx in screening fundus disease among the patients after cataract surgery.
●METHODS: From November 18 th to December 31st , 2013 all 146 post- cataract surgery patients were recruited. All non - mydriatic fundus images were taken with the optomap panoramic 200Tx and were diagnosed by one masked retinal specialist. Non - mydriatic direct ophthalmoscope exam and mydriatic slit-lamp lens exam were also done by other two masked specialists. Comparisons of the three methods were made.
●RESULTS: Among 146 patients ( 161 eyes), 40 eyes (24. 8%) of retinal lesions was detected by non-mydriatic direct ophthalmoscope exam, 59 ( 36. 7%) by non -mydriatic optomap 200Tx exam, and 61 (37. 9%) by slit-lamp lens exam. Nine eyes ( 5. 6%) needed medical intervention immediately. Results of optomap 200Tx exams and slit - lamp lens exams were similar without statistically significant difference ( P > 0. 05), better than direct ophthalmoscope exam ( P < 0. 05) with statistically significant difference.
● CONCLUSlON: Opacification of the refractive medium makes thorough fundus examination impossible. So post-operative fundus examination is highly necessary and should be a routine. Optomap panoramic 200Tx, which shows no statistically difference from mydriatc slit- lamp lens exam, is a convenient and feasible method in discovering fundus pathological changes.

The DNA fragment sized 2 139bp, the same Sequence with AtKup1 gene from Arabidopsis thalianna was used as the templates for DNA family shuffling. The shuffeld AtKup1 gene library was expressed in the mutant of 5. cerevisae in which potassium transporter gene TRK1 and TRK2 were knocked out by homologous recombination. Then the screening was carried out in the low potassium media containing 5. 0 mmol/L KC1 and no histidine in it. it was found that both of diverse and wild AtKup1 gene can rescues the trk1△trk2△yeast mutant strain in low [ K + ] medium. The growth of 2 clones yeast containing diverse AtKup1 were beter than that of AtKup1 wild gene transformant. The sequencig results of the shuffeld AtKup1 showed that there were 2 nucleotide changed, which resulted in 2 amino acid variations in it compared with the original AtKup1. The potassium uptaking capacity of shuffled AtKup1 gene increased significantly when it was transformed into tobacco.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and analyze prognostic risk factors of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 19 cases of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma admitted in our hospital from January 1999 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. The survival function was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier. The possible prognostic risk factors were tested by χ2-test. Results Hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma was diagnosed by pathology in the 19 patients, among which hepatic tunic was infiltrated in 13 cases, peritoneum involved in 1 case, intravascular cancer embolus in 1 case. At that time lymphocyte nodes metastasis in 2 cases were found by regional lymphadenectomy in 7cases. The 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 61% and 42%,respectively. Prognosis of patients with tumor size ＞ 5 cm ( χ2 = 4. 392, P = 0. 036 ), history of heavy drinking ( χ2 = 11.010, P = 0.001 ) or intraoperative blood transfusion ( χ2 = 4. 645,P = 0. 031 ) were worse than others. Conclusion It was difficult to get correct preoperative diagnosis of combined hepatocellularcholangiocarcinoma. Tumor size, history of heavy drinking and blood transfusion were all prognostic related risk factors.

Adolescent ; Apolipoproteins E ; blood ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; complications ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Diseases ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; blood supply ; pathology ; Male ; Thrombosis ; pathology

Objective To summarize the experience of the diagnosis and therapy of chronic pancreatitis (CP).Methods 189 patients with chronic pancreatitis confirmed surgically from 1983 to Aug 1999 admitted in our hospital were retrospectively studied. Results Of all 189 patients, the average age was forty-eight yearsold. The ratio of male to female is 2.1:1. The proportion of confirmed diagnosis to CP is 51.3% within one year and 80.4% within the first five years. The positive rate for diagnosis was 71.9% by CT and 76.9% by ERCP respectively. The positive rate of PABA was 69.7%. While 136(72%) patients received operations, the rate of complication was low. One patient died of infection after pancreatic fistula at the seventh day after surgery, and 97.8% of patients suffered less pain. Conclusions The early diagnosis of CP is difficult. As a delicate operation program set at appropriate time is of vital importance formodifying the course of the disease and improving patients' life quality.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of total-cystectomy in the hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE).

METHODSAn retrospective analysis was made in 223 cases of HCE. The observation targets included the days post operative, blood loss during operation, complications of residual cavity and local recurrence. The patients were divided into two groups: cyst-resection group and cyst ectomy group. The cyst-resection group was divided into two sub-groups, per cystectomy group and liver resection group.

RESULTSThe incidences of residual cavity and local recurrence in the cyst-resection group were lower than that in the cystectomy group (P < 0.01). The incidences of blood loss and average days in ward in the per cystectomy group were lower than that in partial liver resection group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSHCE can decrease the complication of liver residual cavity and local recurrence effectively, total cystectomy should be selected as first procedures for treatment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Cystectomy ; methods ; Echinococcosis, Hepatic ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo delineate the mechanism of primary drug resistance in pancreatic cancer cell lines by investigating multidrug resistant gene 1 and its protein (P-gp).

METHODSReverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) were carried out to investigate the expression of the MDR1 and P-gp in 8 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry was performed to detect P-gp function in SW1990 and HL60 cell lines. In addition, verapamil, combined with chemotherapeutic agents was carried out to evaluate its potential effect in pancreatic cancer cells.

RESULTSThe highest expression level of MDR1 mRNA was proven in SW1990 cell line by RT-PCR, while the absent expression was found in PCT-2. Weak MDR1 mRNA expression were found in PCT-3, PCT-4, ASPC, Cap-1, Mia-PaCa-2 and Panc-1 cell lines. ICC showed that P-gp was localized mainly in the membrane and partly in the plasma. P-gp overexpression was also present in SW1990. The accumulation of Rhodamin123 in SW1990 was significantly decreased (57.9% +/- 5.4%) compared with its expression in HL60 (99.5% +/- 3.3%) (P < 0.05). Verapamil (VPM), combined with ADM or E-ADM showed a potential effect on reversing drug resistance mediated by P-gp in pancreatic cancer chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONSMDR1 and its protein P-gp are indeed expressed in some extent in pancreatic cancer cell lines. VPM combined with ADM might imply a new strategy in pancreatic cancer chemotherapy.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; genetics ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Verapamil ; pharmacology