Objective To study the effect of plant Coleus forskohlii active elements Isoforskolin(ISOF)and CT-E(analogs mixture of Isoforskolin)on human neutrophill(PMN)in vitro in order to uncover the mechanism of their properties of mitigating acute lung injury(ALI).Method The effects of ISOF and CF-E on PMN aggregation induced by N-formyl-methiony-leucyl-phenylalanine(fMLP)was performed by using a 4-channel platelet aggregometer.Cytometry Was applied to analyze the effect of tested samples on adhension between PMN and endothelial cells(ECV-304)activated by using lipopolysaccharides(LPS).Expression of LPS-induced PMN adhension molecules was determined with flow cytometry.Radioimmunoassay Was applied to detect the level of TNT-α liberated bv PMN and intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)level of PMN.Results It was found that ISOF(25,50,100 μmnol/L)and CF-E(1.25,2.5,5 mg/ml)inhibitted PMN aggregation induced by fMLP,PMN adhemion to ECV-304 indeed by LPS,expression of PMN adhesion molecules,and TNF-α level released by PMN.ISOF and CF-E also increased intracellular cAMP level of PMN.Condusions ISOF and CF-E inhibit PMN aggregation,adhension and adhension molecules,and TNF-α released by PMN,while they increase intracellular cAniP level of PMN.It suggests that their specific alleviating the ALI by the mechanism of the modulation of PMN function.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression and distribution of intrahepatic CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in immuno-tolerant and immuno-clearance phase of patients with chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSThe expression of FoxP3 was detected in 19 cases of immuno-tolerant phase and 12 cases of immuno-clearance phase by immunohistochemistry. The relation between the intrahepatic expression of FoxP3 and the clinicopathological features were analyzed.

RESULTSThe positive signal of FoxP3 is located in nuclear of lymphocyte and mainly aggregated in portal areas as well as occasionally scattered in hepatic sinusoids. The expression of intrahepatic FoxP3 in the group of immuno-tolerant phase was significantly increased than those in normal control (P < 0.01), and greatly decreased than those in immuno-clearance phase (P < 0.01). No correlation was observed among the expression of intrahepatic FoxP3, ALT, levels of HBV DNA, HBeAg positive, in patients of immuno-clearance phase, respectively. There were significant differences between immuno-tolerant phase and immuno-clearance phase age, ALT, TBIL, PTA, HBV-DNA and detection of HBeAg but not in sex and family history of HBV infection.

CONCLUSIONCD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells may play important roles in the clearance of HBV as well as in liver inflammation and injury during chronic HBV infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; CD4 Antigens ; immunology ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; genetics ; immunology ; Gene Expression ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; genetics ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the effects of amniotic lacrimal duct stenting on the prevention of dry eye in castrated rabbits.Methods Thirtysix healthy male rabbits were selected,the third eyelid were cut off and antiinfection treatment were given,which were randomly divided into 3 groups (12 cases in each group),the castrated male rabbits models were made.Among them,group A was negative control group,group B was dry eye model group,group C was group of lacrimal amniotic membrane group.At 2 weeks before implantation of amniotic lacrimal duct stent,2 weeks,4 weeks and 6 weeks after implantation,the fluorescent (FL) examination,Western blot,Schirmer I examination,immunofluorescence staining and corneal confocal microscopy were performed.Results The levels of tear secretion and FL in the three groups among different time points were significantly different (F=7.126,P =0.009;F =9.658,P =0.016),and there were significant differences among three groups (F =12.582,P =0.005;F =13.187,P =0.013).The tendency of tear secretion and FL in the three groups were also significantly changed (F =8.531,P =0.007;F =10.652,P =0.019).The epithelial basal cells at 6 weeks after implantation in three groups were 3811 ±414,3820 ± 314,2789 ± 353,and the density of inflammatory cells was 266 ±28,266 ± 29,67 ± 13,there were significant differences among three groups (F =13.442,P =0.012;F =9.231,P =0.021).The K1 6 staining in the duct epithelium were negative,and the expression of α-SMA in the lacrimal duct tissue of group A,B and C was not changed at all time points after implantation of amniotic lacrimal stent,and there was no significant difference (F =14.681,P =0.002).Conclusion The amniotic lacrimal stent implantation has certain effect on the prevention of dry eye in rabbit.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; immunology ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology

ObjectiveTo analyze Echinococcus infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in different zones of Qinghai plateau,Qinghai southern plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,and to provideascientificbasisfor developing controlstrategiesagainstEchinococcosisinfection. Methods Echinococcosis infection in definitive hosts,dogs and foxes,was identified by morphological observation; in domesticated and wild intermediate host animals was identified by anatomy and pathology; some of the suspected samples were further identified by molecular biological methods.ResultsStray dogs in different zones of Qinghai plateau were infected with Echinococcus granulosus,the infection rates were 38.71％(300/775),49.60％(124/250),and 9.76％(4/41 ) in Qinghai southem plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =25.72,P ＜ 0.01 ).in addition,only Qinghai southern plateau dogs were infected with Echinococcus multiloularis,and the infection rate was 16.04％(98/611).The infection rates of fox with Echinococcus multilocularis were 22.89％(38/166) and 30.77％(12/39) in Qinghai southern plateau and Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley,respectively,and wolves were also found to be infected with Echinococcus granulosus in the same areas.The infection rates of domesticated sheep,yaks,goats and pigs with Echinococcosis were significantly different statistically in those different areas(x2 =82.70,41.82,212.63,194.58,all P ＜ 0.01 ).The infection rates of sheep and yaks were higher[43.43％(5664/13 042),49.47％(2917/5896),52.99％ (887/1674),42.18％ (779/1847),50.70％ (1049/2069),52.90％ (685/1295) ] in three areas.The infection rates of goats and pigs [3.26％ (7/215),0.00％ (0/108)] in Qinghai southern plateau were lower than that of other two areas[ 19.51％(119/610),26.91％(43/1598),47.91％(343/716),21.91％(71/324)].The infection rates of Ochotona curzoniae with Echinococcosis were 6.21％ (243/3910),1.80％ (3/167) and 0.00％ (0/199) in Qinghai southern plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =18.50,P ＜ 0.01 ).Moreover,wild intermediate hosts of Echinococcosis,such as Microtus fuscus,Lepus oiostolus,Pseudois nayaur,Procapra picticaudata,and Prodorcas gutturosa were found to be infected only in Qinghai southern plateau.ConclusionsHuman is faced with a threat of Echinococcosis infection from various definitive hosts in different zones of Qinghai plateau.And stray dogs are the most crucial factor.The life-cycles of Echinococcus are very complicated in Qinghai plateau.Qinghai plateau is a key area in prevention and control of Echinococcosis infection in China.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; microbiology

OBJECTIVESTo study the expression and distribution of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in liver tissues of patients with fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (FCH) after liver and kidney transplantation and to investigate their roles in the pathogenesis of FCH.

METHODSLiver biopsy specimens from five patients with FCH were studied histopathologically. A specific marker for CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in those specimens was detected with anti-FOXP3 monoclonal antibody by immunohistochemistry. Apoptoses of hepatocytes were detected with in situ apoptosis detection TUNEL kit.

RESULTSFibrosis in portal and around portal areas, cholestasis in some of the hepatocytes and canaliculi, widespread ballooning and ground-glass appearance of liver cells, and positivity of HBsAg and HBcAg and Pre-S1 protein were seen in the livers of all cases. The positive signal of FOXP3 was located in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes and the positive cells were mainly aggregated in the portal areas as well as occasionally appearing in the hepatic sinusoids. There were many more apoptotic hepatocytes near the portal areas.

CONCLUSIONFibrosing cholestatic hepatitis has specific pathological characteristics which might be caused by high expressions of FOXP3 in liver tissues.

Adult ; Apoptosis ; Biopsy ; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Kidney Transplantation ; Liver ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the pathological changes of the liver tissues of patients with HIV infection.

METHODS14 biopsy and 12 autopsy liver tissues were examined histologically. HIV-1 related antigen of outer membrane protein gp120 and capsid protein p24 were examined with their corresponding monoclonal antibodies by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn the biopsy group, cytomegalic virus (CMV) infection was found in one (1/14) case, outer membrane protein gp120 and/or capsid protein p24 antigen were detected in Kupffer cells and in some of the lymphocytes in 11 cases. All the hepatocytes were negative for outer membrane protein gp120 and capsid protein p24 antigens. In the autopsy group, there were 5 (5/12) cases of liver tissues with CMV infection and 5 cases each with mycobacterium and Toxoplasma gondii infection. Capsid protein p24 was detected in liver tissues in 3 cases.

CONCLUSIONThere is HIV infection in liver tissue of patients with HIV. The rate of opportunistic infections in liver biopsy samples was lower than that in the autopsy liver tissues of patients with HIV.

Adult ; Female ; HIV Core Protein p24 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; HIV Infections ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To understand the situation of congenital defects' in five counties/cities in Gansu province so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of effective interventions.Methods General imformaton was collected on all the neonates who were born in Dunhuang city,Jingchuan county,Hui county,Weiyuan county and Yongjing county in Gansu province between Oct.1st,2009 to Sep.304th,2010,with all of their gestational age above 28 weeks.Neonates would include live birth,dead fetus and still birth.Results The overall incidence of congenital defects was 7.49‰ in the five counties/cities in Gansu province in 2009.Ranking order in the top three showed as congenital heart disease,pigmented nevus and limb deformity.Disease with the highest mortality was congenital heart disease (0.79‰).The incidence of congenital defects was 8.35‰ in 2010 with the ranking order of the top three as congenital heart disease,neural tube defects/pigmented nevus and hydrocephalus.Diseases having the highest mortality was congenital heart disease (1.10‰o).Different incidence rates on congenital defects were seen in realted areas,with the highest incidence as 14.65‰ in Dunhuang city.Hui county had the lowest incidence—3.28‰.Conclusion Different incidence of congenital defects were seen in respective areas in Gansu province,with the change of ranking orders.Different strategies should be developed differently depending on the current states of congenital defects in respective areas,according to the three-grade prevention model,to reduce the occurrence of congenital defects.

Aim To explore the effect of ZLY18 on angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis and the underlying mechanism. Methods Ang II was used to induce cardiac fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Cardiac fibroblasts were divided into blank control group, model group and medicine group. The medicine group was subdivided into ZLY18(L)group, ZLY18(M)group and ZLY18(H)group. Compound ZLY18 was given 1, 2, 5 μmol·L-1 respectively. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, model group and medicine group. The medicine group were subdivided into ZLY18(L)group, ZLY18(M)group and ZLY18(H)group. Compound ZLY18 was given 10,20 and 50 mg·kg-1 respectively. Both the model group and the medicine group were given with Ang II to induce cardiac fibrosis. The changes of protein levels were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The changes of cardiac function indexes in C57BL/6 mice were detected by small animal echocardiography. The morphology, cell arrangement and collagen fibers of cardiac fibroblasts were observed by tissue section staining and other methods. Results The model of Ang II-induced myocardial fibrosis was successfully established at the cell and animal levels, and ZLY18 treatment improved the elevated fibrosis-related protein caused by Ang II and abnormal cardiac function in mice. Moreover, ZLY18 was able to inhibit the increased phosphorylation of TGF-1 and Smad3 caused by Ang II and increased Smad2/3 nuclear entry, suggesting that the antifibrotic effect of ZLY18 might be related to the activation of TGF-1/Smads signaling pathway. Conclusions ZLY18 has a protective effect on Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis. ZLY18 may inhibit TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway activation to exert anti-fibrotic effects.