Objective To understand the current status,type,and effect of training programs conducted by Health Bureau and CDC in China.Methods One person of each province was selected from China field epidemiology training network and designated as contact person who was responsible for collecting information of field practical training lasting for at least 6 months for staff of public health emergency and infectious disease control in each province from October 2001 to October 2010.Questionnaire including basic condition,organization and management,training design,faculty condition,trainee condition and training outputs was designed and filled in by contact person.Results There were 35 training programs covering over 9 provinces in China.The first province and city FETP started in 2004,including Guangdong FETP,Zhejiang FETP,Hangzhou FETP,Ningbo FETP and Guizhou FETP.Thirty-five training programs had 355 mentors,22(6％)were CFETP graduates and 57 (16％)were local FETP graduates.All program funds were paid by local governments.The training programs included two parts,theoretical lectures and field practice,which occupying 10％-20％ and 80％-90％ of the whole training time,respectively.Among 6 evaluative items including emergency investigation,surveillance analysis,surveillance evaluation,planned investigation,investigation report and paper publication,most programs(50％-94％) had less than average one person per time.Conclusions Field epidemiology training program after several years of development in china achieves the certain scale.Some provincial programs are successful,but the effect and quality of training programs in different areas are uneven.We suggest optimizing of field epidemiology training resources and further expanding China field epidemiology training network.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of acupuncture in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP).

METHODSOne hundred SCP children, 2 to 7 years old, were randomly assigned to two groups equally. The control group was treated with rehabilitation training using Bobath and Vojta physical training methods and the acupuncture group treated also with the same training but with acupuncture conducted additionally. The therapeutic course was 3-12 months arranged according to the state of illness.

RESULTSThe total effective rate, development quotient (DQ), improvement rate of brain hypogenesis and atrophy showed by skull CT, and recovery rate of cerebral emission computed tomography (ECT) were all higher in the acupuncture group than those in the control group (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture obviously promotes the compensation of cerebral function and shows a favorable effect in improving quality of life of the children with SCP.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Cerebral Palsy ; diagnostic imaging ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Quality of Life ; Tomography, Emission-Computed

Objective To investigate the expression and correlation of NKG2D and sMICA in lung cancer patients. Methods By collecting 30 lung cancer patients as the test group,and taking 30 healthy volunteers as the contrast group, the expression of NKG2D and sMICA in the two groups were examined separately by FACS and ELISA method. Results The expressions of NKG2D in the two groups were (81.56±8.78) %, (85.63±6.62) %. The lung cancer patients were high remarkable. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). The expression of sMICA in the two groups were (354.13 ±80.575) pg/ml,(216.53±48.175) pg/ml. The lung cancer patients were low remarkable. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.01). There was a significant relation between the two groups (r =-0.349, P =0.006). Conclusion The expression of NKG2D and sMICA may provid one of the immune targets for diagnosing that can forecast the immune state and malignant metastasis of the lung cancer patients. The significant relation between NKG2D and sMICA may take on main role in the immune escaping of tumor. It may provide the suitable target of the patients for tumor organisms and immune treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect ofberberine on the spatial memory oftransgenic mice with Alzheimer′s disease (caused by Swedish double mutation (KM670/671NL) of amyloid precursor protein [Swe-APP]).Methods Twenty-four 6-month-old APP/SWE mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:model group,low-dose berberine treatment group,medium-dose berberine treatment group and high-dose berberine treatment group(n=6).Except mice of the model group,the mice in the other 3 groups were given berberine at dosage of 10(mg/kg·d),50(mg/kg-d) and 200 (mg/kg.d),respectively,by intragastric administration once daily to 10 months′ old.The spatial memory was detected by Morris water maze test,and the levels of amyloid β(Aβ40 and Aβ42)in the brain tissues were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results As compared those in mice of the model group,the escape latency decreased significantly,the frequency of crossing the platform obviously increased and the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 decreased significantly in mice of each berberine treatment group on the 6th d of detection(P＜0.05) Conclusion Berberine might improve the spatial memory of APP/SWE mice by decreasing the levels of Aβ 40/42.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of clearing the Governor Vessel and refreshing the mind needling in neural development and remediation of children with cerebral palsy.

METHODSA total of 200 cases of children with cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to the treatment group (100 patients) and the control group (100 patients). The treatment group was given the combined therapy of acupuncture and rehabilitation training, and the chosen acupoints were 13 points of the Governor Vessel, Shenshu (BL 23), Taixi (KI 3), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), and points of refreshing the mind were also selected, which included puncturing Shenting (GV 24) toward Qianding (GV 21), puncturing Qianding (GV 21) toward Baihui (GV 20), puncturing Baihui (GV 20) toward Naohu (GV 17) and Sishencong (Ex-HN 1). The control group was only treated with rehabilitation training. A contrastive analysis of the therapeutic effect between acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training and rehabilitation training alone was made after a treatment course of 3 months. The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Beijing Gesell Developmental Scale were adopted to assess the neural development and rehabilitation outcomes of the two groups. In addition, skull CT/MRI was adopted to evaluate the plerosis of injured cerebral nerve after treatment.

RESULTSThe total effective rate in treatment group was 87% (87/100), significantly higher than the 55% (55/100) in the control group. The children's development quotient (DQ) tested by Gesell Developmental Scale and scores tested by GMFM in the treatment group were obviously higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). The improving and curing rates presented by skull CT/MRI in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSClearing the Governor Vessel and refreshing the mind needling could accelerate the recovery of injured brain nerve and the reconstruction of brain function. The acupuncture therapy could ameliorate both the motor development and cognitive development. On the other hand, the forward curative effect of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training was significantly better than the rehabilitation training alone.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; Cerebral Palsy ; diagnostic imaging ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nervous System ; growth & development ; Skull ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the compensation of cerebral function in acupuncture for rehabilitation of cerebral palsy.

METHODSOne hundred children of cerebral palsy were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 50 cases in each group. The treatment group were treated with scalp acupuncture at the Motor Area, Foot Motor Sensory Area and Equilibrium Area, body acupuncture at Binao (LI 14), Fengchi (GB 20), Huantiao (GB 30), etc. and injection of nerve growth factor into Zusanli (ST 36), in combination with rehabilitation training; the control group were treated only with rehabilitation training. Their clinical therapeutic effects and recoveries of brain lesion detected by CT, SEPCT were investigated.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 84.0% in the treatment group better than 52.0% of the control group. After treatment, the development quotient (DQ) in the treatment group was higher than the control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture can promote compensation of cerebral function in the children of cerebral palsy.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Brain ; physiopathology ; Cerebral Palsy ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; methods ; Nerve Growth Factor ; therapeutic use ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical outcome, adverse effect and treatment cost of homoharringtonine (HHT) in combination with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (AS2O3) for newly diagnosed with patients acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).

METHODSClinical data of treatment of newly diagnosed patients with APL in experimental group (HHT + ATRA + AS2O3, n = 14) and control group \[Idarubicin (IDA) + ATRA + AS2O3, n = 21\] were analyzed retrospectively. The therapeutic effects, side effects and costs during induction therapy were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS(1) The complete remission (CR) rate were 92.9% (13/14) and 95.2% (20/21) in experimental group and control group, respectively. The time to achieve CR were (28.1 ± 3.8) and (31.7 ± 4.2) days, respectively (P > 0.05). The negative rate of PML-RARα fusion gene at the time of CR were 76.9% (10/13) and 75.0% (15/20), respectively, and that in CR patient at the end of the first cycle treatment were 100.0% (13/13) and 95.0% (19/20), respectively (P > 0.05). (2) 5-year overall survival (OS) rate were (92.6 ± 0.6)% and (89.9 ± 0.5)%, respectively (P > 0.05), 5-year disease free survival (DFS) rate were 100.0% and (86.8 ± 0.6)%, respectively (P > 0.05). (3) During induction therapy, the incidence of infection in experimental and control group were 23.1% (3/13), 60.0% (12/20), respectively (P < 0.05). The amount of platelet transfusion were (54.7 ± 29.6) and (76.5 ± 25.6) units, respectively (P > 0.05), and that of fresh frozen plasma were (1157.1 ± 238.4) and (1423.5 ± 324.6) ml, respectively (P > 0.05). The total medical costs (excluding HHT and IDA) in experimental and control group were (36074.9 ± 1245.6) and (50564.5 ± 3658.4)CNY, respectively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHHT in combination with ATRA and AS2O3 regimen for newly diagnosed APL has a better efficacy, a higher long-term survival rate, and a lower costs, which is one of the reasonable choice.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Arsenicals ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Harringtonines ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxides ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Tretinoin ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact and mechanism of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) on immune reconstitution post murine allogeneic umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT).

METHODSPerpheral blood (PB) from 19.5-day embryos post-conception (E 19.5 d) mice was used as umbilical cord blood (UCB) graft. Thirty-two BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 8 mice each in the first cohort UCBT. Mice were infused with PBS (control group) or 1 x 10(6) (group 1A), 2 x 10(6) (group 1B), 3 x 10(6) UCB mononuclear cells (MNCs) (group 1C), respectively. Twenty-four BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 8 mice each in the second cohort UCBT. Mice were injected with 1 x 10(6) (group 2A), 2 x 10(6) (group 1B) or 3 x 10(6) (UCB) MNCs (group 2C). All mice received platelet transfusion on +8d. Sixteen BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 2 groups with 8 mice each in the third cohort UCBT. Mice were injected s.c. with KGF (group 3) or PBS (control group) before TBI. All mice were injected with 2 x 10(6) UCB MNCs and were supported with platelet transfusion on +8 d. The survival time, splenic lymphoid cell subsets, sjTREC assay were observed after UCBT.

RESULTSThe 100-day survival of mice were 2, 3 and 3 in group 1A, 1B, 1C and 7, 8, 8 in group 2A, 2B, 2C, respectively. The splenic T, NKT, NK and B cell counts on +35 d were (9.57 +/- 0.74) x 10(6), (0.64 +/- 0.06) x 10(6), (1.43 +/- 0.10) x 10(6) and (19.13 +/- 1.50) x 10(6) in control group, respectively; while were (13.47 +/- 0.74) x 10(6), (0.89 +/- 0.03) x 10(6), (1.79 +/- 0.04) x 10(6) and (20.50 +/- 0.91) x 10(6) in group 3, respectively, being significantly higher than in control group. The sjTREC level was 182.2 +/- 10.7copies per 10(5) cells in control group; while was 224.2 +/- 9.6 copied per 10(5) cells in group 3, being significantly higher than in control group (P = 0.019).

CONCLUSIONSPeripheral blood from E19.5d is rich in hematopoietic stem cells. A murine allogeneic UCBT model with platelet support on +8 d is established. KGF treatment can enhance thymic output and improve T cell immune reconstitution after UCBT.

Animals ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Fetal Blood ; transplantation ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVETo measure the prevalence, the possible causes and the influencing factors of allergy, food hypersensitivity and food intolerance in 0-36 month old infants in 8 cities in China.

METHODTotally 2632 infants from the outpatient departments of prevention and health care of two representative hospitals in 8 Chinese cities were randomly selected by applying multistage cluster sampling method from October 2011 to March 2012, and a one-on-one survey to infants' parents was conducted to investigate infants' sensitization status.

RESULTSelf-reported infant allergy rate was 17.97% (473/2632) ; self-reported food hypersensitivity and food intolerance rates were 6.53% (172/2632) and 4.26% (112/2632) , respectively. The proportion of self-reported food hypersensitivity of 0-12 months old infants was 4.47% (74/1656) and their top five allergens in a descending order were eggs (28.38%) , shrimp (25.68%) , fish (21.62%) , milk (18.92%) and wheat (4.05%) . The proportion of self-reported 13-36 months old infant's food hypersensitivity was 10.05% (98/976) . The top five allergens were shrimp (33.93%) , fish (26.79%) , eggs (23.21%) , milk (12.50%) and soy (3.57%) in 13-24 months group, while fish (38.24%) , shrimp (35.29%) , eggs (20.59%) , milk (20.59%) and peanuts (2.94%) in 25-36 months group. Both 7-12 and 13-24 month old were the highest incidence (both of them were 11.98%, 58/484) of age for developing food hypersensitivity and 7-12-month old was also the highest incidence (8.47%, 41/484) of age for food intolerance. The self-reported food intolerance rate was 3.68% (61/1656) and 5.23% (51/976) in the two age groups, respectively. Age, parental history of allergy and father's educational level (OR was 2.452, 1.482 and 2.598, respectively, P < 0.01) were the risk factors of food hypersensitivity; within two weeks of sickness (OR = 1.267, P < 0.05) was the risk factor of food intolerance.

CONCLUSIONInfancy was the most vulnerable period of life of getting allergy, therefore, it is necessary for all infants to prevent allergy through a variety of effective strategies.

Age Distribution ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Dietary Proteins ; adverse effects ; Egg Hypersensitivity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Eggs ; adverse effects ; Female ; Food Hypersensitivity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant Food ; adverse effects ; Infant Formula ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; Sampling Studies ; Sex Distribution ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVEUsing PCR-RDB to establish a new method for HBV genotyping, and to survey the distribution of HBV genotypes in the Foshan area.

METHODSBiotin-labeled primers for amplification of HBV region X (nt1550-1789) were used to amplify extracted HBV DNA. HBV was genotyped by hybridization of the PCR products with immobilized specific probes (genotype A to F) on C membrane. Color development was achieved by adding POD and TMB. A judgment was made according to color reactions. The reliability of this new method was verified by gene sequencing. 300 samples of HBV DNA-positive sera from the Foshan area were genotyped using this assay.

RESULTSOf the 300 sera genotyped by PCR-RBD, 147 (49.0%) cases were genotype B, 136 (45.3%) were genotype C, 1 (0.3%) genotype D, and 12 (4.0%) were mixtures of genotype B and C, and 4 (1.3%) were mixtures of genotype C and D. No genotype A, E or F were found. The results of PCR-RDB genotyping were consistent with the results obtained with sequence analysis.

CONCLUSIONThis newly established HBV genotyping system proved to be sensitive, specific, precise and economic, and should be suitable for clinical practice and epidemic study. The results of HBV genotyping show that genotype B and C are the predominant genotypes in the Foshan area.

DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods