Objective To assess the clinical value offlat-panel digital subtraction angiography (DSA)in interventional therapy for carotid-cavemous fistula (CCF). Methods Three-dimensional (3D)DSA Was performed in 12 patients with CCF before the interventional therapy.The fistular orifice was located and measured with multiplanar reconstruction technique,and the Landscap roadmap of the fistula was obtained.Fistula embolization was performed according to the location of the fistular orifice and the surrounding bony marker indicated by 3D and Landscap roadmap. Results The fistular orifices were clearly displayed in the 12 patients with an average orifice diameter of 3.7 mm.The intemal carotid artery(ICA)and the bony marker of the cavernous sinus were shown simultaneously.Ten patients received endovascular embolization wiith detachable balloon, and 1 patient was treated wiith coil and 1 with stent placement.The ICA remained patent in 11 cases and carotid artery occlusion was performed in 1 case. Conclusion The 3D flat-panel DSA provides rich infolrmati,Ion on the fistular orifice,,and the bony markers can be identified by landscape roadmap technique..The combination of these two techniques guarantees effective and safe treatment of CCE.

Objective To establish a canine model ofbasilar artery (BA) stent implantation. Methods After angiography, 2.0 mmx8.0 mm metal stents were implanted in the BA of 12 dogs by passing the stents through the vertebral artery V1 segment, anterior radiculomedullary artery, anterior spinal artery S1 segment, anterior spinal artery S2 segment, and vertebral artery V5 segment till reaching the BA using catheter guidewire exchange technique. The dogs surviving the procedure were observed for 4 weeks, and a repeat angiography was performed to detect the presence of vascular stenosis. Results Eleven stents were successfully implanted in the BA of the dogs. On follow-up angiography, BA occlusion was observed in one dog, and the other 10 dogs showed no obvious vascular stenosis or neurological deficits. Conclusion We have establish a safe and efficient stent implantation technique according to the segmentation of the vertebral artery, anterior spinal artery, and BA, which provides the basis for further study of vascular response after intracranial stent implantation.