Amphotericin B ; administration & dosage ; Antifungal Agents ; administration & dosage ; Child ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Delivery Systems ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Injections, Spinal ; Intracranial Hypertension ; complications ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the allergen of asthma in children in order to instruct family management and improve the quality of life of children with asthma. Methods Skin prick was used to detect the allergen of asthma in children. Family management program was designed for patients with posi-tive results and implemented under supervision. Controlled study of patients adopting family management program and patients without this program was performed for 1 year. Results 78 cases of 104 children (75.0%) with asthma were positive for allergen. Among 78 cases, 58 cases were positive for der-matophagoides culinae, and 49 cases were positive for dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, which were two main allergens. The one- year follow- up research results showed: 14 cases once suffered emergency treat-ment, 6 needed hospitalization, 12 absent from classes and the average economic cost reached 1840.5 yuan per patient per year among 52 patients who received family management program.While in 26 patients who did not adopt family management program, 15 cases once suffered emergency treatment, 10 needed hospi-talization, 14 absent from classes and the average economic cost reached 3267.3 yuan per patient per year. The difference was significant. Conclusions Family management guide can improve the quality of life in asthma children positive for allergen.

Over the last decade,a growing body of evidence has indicated that vitamin D is not only crucial in maintaining calcium-phosphorus homeostasis and bone density,but also implicated in the regulation of immune system and the maintenance of the normal function of central nervous system.A variety of neuropsychiatric disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,schizophrenia,and depression are suggested to be associated with vitamin D deficiency and immune activation.In this review,we summarize the recent key findings concerning the effect of vitamin D on neuroimmmune modulation and its potential role in those neuropsychiatric disorders.

Objective To compare the effect and safety of digital flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy and per-cutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal calculi. Methods Clinic data of 105 cases with kidney stones were analyzed retrospectively, including 53 cases with digital flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (group A) and 52 with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (group B). The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, stone-free rate, complications, average hospitalization time were compared. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, stone size, stone surface area, average operative time, stone-free rate and complications between two groups. Significant differences were found between group A and group B in terms of intraoperative blood loss and average hospitalization time. Conclusions Digital flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy has similar effect as minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of kidney stones about 20 mm in terms of average operative time, stone-free rate, and complications, but excels minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy in intraopera-tive blood loss and average hospitalization time. Digital flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy can be the first choice for the treatment of kidney stones about 20 mm.

BACKGROUND:Effects of different oxygen partial pressures on cytokine secretion of human adipose-derived stem cells have been differently reported. These differences may be caused by varying oxygen partial pressures.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of different oxygen partial pressures on cytokines secreted from human adipose-derived stem cells.
METHODS:Human adipose-derived stem cells were cultured in vitro and identified by its immunophenotype. Human adipose-derived stem cells were divided into five groups and cultured under different oxygen partial pressure conditions (1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 21%) for 24 hours, respectively. With quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, the secretion of cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, nerve growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, from human adipose-derived stem cells were analyzed on the gene and protein levels.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Human adipose-derived stem cells were positive for CD71, CD73, CD90, CD105 and negative for CD34, CD45, CD54, HLA-DR. From the aspect of gene level, hypoxia (1%, 3%O 2 ) promoted the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and nerve growth factor from human adipose-derived stem cells (P<0.01), and significantly elevated the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (P<0.05);however, there was no significant influence on keratinocyte growth factor under hypoxia (P>0.05). Based on the protein level, protein secretion of hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor from human adipose-derived stem cells was increased under hypoxia (P<0.01), but no changes occurred in nerve growth factor and keratinocyte growth factor. After cultured under hypoxic environment, human adipose-derived stem cells were promoted to express gene vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and nerve growth factor, as wel as to secrete protein keratinocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor.

Objective To report the outcome of emergency repair traumatized limbs by vascularized free tissue transplantation.Methods From April 1988 to August 2004,86 patients,58 men and 28 women,had undergone emergency vascularized free tissue transplantation to have their injured limbs repaired in 54 cases and the missing thumbs reconstructed in 32.The patients aged from 5 to 55 (mean 27.9) years. The transplants included latissimus dorsi myocutaneons flap,anterolateral femoral skin flap,medial crural skin flaps,dorsal pedal flaps,medial plantar flap,composite tissue mass of the discarded limbs and big toe skin- nail flap.The operations were performed 1 to 5 days after injuries.Results Postoperative vascular crises occurred in 8 cases and were all followed by exploration with successes in 5 cases while failure in 3.The total survival rate of the transplants was 96.5% (83/86).In this series all the patients were followed up for 1 to 16 years with a mean of 7.5 years only to reveal satisfying functional recovery in all the repaired limbs and an ex- cellent and good rate of 87.5% in the reconstructed thumbs.Conclusion Emergency vascularized free tis- sue transplantation is an effective way to repair a traumatized limb and to reconstruct a traumatically missing thumb.

Objective To observe the position and mobility of the tape after tension-free vaginal tape-obturator(TVT-O) surgery using transperineal two and three dimensional ultrasonography in patients with stress urinary incontinence.Methods A total of 32 patients with stress urinary incontinence who had TVT-O surgery and cured were enrolled.Transperineal two and three dimensional ultrasonography were performed after operation 3 months later.Both the position,morphology and mobility of the tape at rest and during Valsalva menuaver were observed.Results The tapes were mainly located in the 1/3 connection of the middle and distal urethra.The length of the urethra and the length of the urethra between the bladder neck and the proximal tape at valsalva menuaver were longer than those at rest.The tapes moved front-down at valsalva manuaver according to the mean distance between the tape and the symphysis pubis.The angles of the tapes were smaller at valsalva manuaver without significant difference.Conclusion It is useful to observe the position,morphology and mobility of the tape using transperineal two and three dimensional ultrasonography.The changes of the position and morphology of the tapes at valsalva menuaver were not significant.But the tapes can strengthen the urine control in the middle of urethra.

Objective To explore the feasibility and application of determining the center of the inferior portion of the glenoid on a standard anteroposterior view of the normal glenoid. Methods Seventy shoulders of 35 mature adults were measured in this study. A 64-slice CT 3D reconstruction was performed for each glenoid. A standard anteroposterior view and the scale of glenoid were made at a 3D workstation by one radiologist, and then transferred to software AutoCAD as 2D images. The 2D images were analyzed with AutoCAD respectively by 3 radiologists. The line was drawn between the most anterior and the most inferior points of the glenoid bony rim. On the same image, another line was drawn between the most posterior and the most inferior points of the glenoid bony rim. Two perpendicular bisectors of the 2 lines were drawn. The cross point of the 2 perpendicular bisectors was regarded as the circle center of the inferior part of the glenoid. The distances from the circle center to the anteroinferior and the posteroinferoir rims of the glenoid and the most posterior point were measured. Measurements were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Several related samples Friedman rank sum test was used to compare the measurements (the distance from the circle center to the most posterior point) by the 3 radiologists. Paired t tests were used to compare the differences between the left and right glenoids. Results The mean distance from the circle center to the most posterior point was ( 14. 1 ± 1.6) mm, the anteroinferior rim was ( 14. 0 ± 1.7) mm, and the posteroinferoir rim was ( 14. 1 ±1.6) mm. No significant differences were found ( P>0. 05) between measurements by the 3 radiologists. No significant differences were found ( P>0. 05) between the measurements of the both-side glenoids. Conclusions The method of determining the center of the inferior portion of the glenoid based on the most anterior,posterior and inferior points of the glenoid on a standard 3D anteroinferior view of the normal glenoid is easy,practical and highly repeatable. The radius of the left glenoid is comparable to the radius of the right side in normal shoulders. This method can be used to quantify a glenoid bone defect precisely.

Objective To investigate the MRI features of intracranial solitary fibrous tumors/hemangiopericytomas (SFT/HPC),and to compare these findings with those of intracranial meningiomas.Methods The clinical features and MRI findings in 28 patients of intracranial SFT/HPC (SFT/HPC group)and 68 patients of meningiomas (meningiomas group) confirmed by operation and pathology were retrospectively analyzed.The indicators of two groups were compared.Results Shape of tumor,signal homogeneous,signal voids of vessel in tumor,hypointense signal nodules on T2WI and enhanded,cystic or necrosis in tumor,meningeal tail sign,changes of the nearby bone,sex,Ki-67％ level,blood lose in surgery had significant differences between SFT/HPC group and meningiomas group (all P＜0.05).Conclusion There are some differences between intracranial SFT/HPC and meningiomas.It is helpful in diagnosis and differential diagnosis through the comparative analysis of the imaging signs.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the distance from the upper and lower resection margin and the gastric cancer patients with R0 resection and no distant metastasis.Methods:Retrospective analysis of 281 patients with gastric cancer in our hospital,the relationship between the age,sex,tumor size,tumor size,vascular invasion,lymph node metastasis,TNM stage,type of gastric cancer,tumor location and operation mode was analyzed.To compare the survival time of patients with different upper and lower margins.Results:The increase of the distance from upper resection margin was significantly related to the tumor size＞5 cm,TNM stage,type of gastric cancer,tumor location,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);The distance of lower resection margin was significantly correlated with tumor size＞5cm,vascular invasion,lymph node metastasis and TNM stage,type of gastric cancer,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05);Themedian survival timein patientsof upper resection marginr□3cm with 48 months of the 5-year follow-up period was significantly higher than that in patients of the resection margin＞3cmwith 46 months (P＜0.001).Themedian survival timein patientsof lower resection margin□3cm with 45 months of the 5-year follow-up period was significantly higher than that in patients of the resection margin＞3cm with 44 months (P＜0.001).Conclusion:Gastric cancer postoperative upper and lower resection margin was significantly related with tumor size,TNM staging factors,and the median survival time of upper and lower resection margin＞5 cm was significantly lower than that of the resection margin3 cm.