Background Ultraviolet radiation is one of factors of the formation of age-related cataract.Indole-3-carbinol(I3C) is a plant chemical material with inhibitory effect on oxidative-induced cell damage and formation of amyloid fibrils,and the oxidative damage and amyloid fibrils are associated with cataract.However,the relationship between I3C and α-crystallin is in study. Objective This study was to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet-B laser irradiation on the secondary structure of α-crystallin and to explore the protection of I3C to chaperone activity of α-crystallin. Methods The fresh eyeballs were obtained from 1-year-old cattle to prepare the purified lens α-crystallin by gel chromatography.α-Crystallin was isolated from cattle lenses using gel chromatography.The purified α-crystallin was collected using fast protein liquid chromatography ( FPLC ) and exposed to 1:308 nmultraviolet-B at different irradiation intensities ( 23.75,118.75,475.00,1187.50,2375.00,4750.00,11 875.00,23 750.00 mJ/cm2 ) and then to ultraviolet-B 2:308 nm with irradiation intensities of 28 535.00,6730.00,3435.00,1910.00,1040.00 mJ/cm2.Ultraviolet-absorbance spectra,tryptophan fluorescence and N-formylkynurenine (N-FK)fluorescence spectra of both irradiated and non-irradiated α-crystallin were measured.I3C at the concentrations of 50 μmol/L and 100 μmoL/L were added to the α-crystallin solution to perform a catalase (CAT) thermal aggregation to confirm the chaperone activity of the α-crystallin,and the α-crystallin solution without any I3C was used as control.The ratios of A360 between various intervene groups with control group were calculated using spectrophotometry.Results The A280 values of the α-crystallin declined to 10％ at the ultraviolet-B irradiation intensity of 1187.5 mJ/cm2 and that at the intensity of 23.75 J/cm2 lowed to 2％.A negative correlation was seen between the ultraviolet-B irradiation intensity and the A280 value of the α-crystallin (R2=0.925 ) and a positive correlation was found between ultraviolet-B with N-FK ( R2 =0.949 ).Ultraviolet-B irradiation intensity showed a negative correlation with Trp fluorescence intensity (R2 =0.996 ).CAT hot condensed experiment revealed that after addition of different concentrations of indole-3-carbinol,the relative A360 values at various ultraviolet-B irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P =0.000),and the decreasing degree of chaperone activity of α-crystallin was lower than that of the control group ( P =0.000 ). Conclusions The study suggests that I3C can protect the chaperone activity of α-crystallin from photooxidation,and the ultraviolet-B laser may be a good exposure source compared with ultraviolet lamp.The ultraviolet-B laser irradiation causes the alteration of structure and chaperone activity of α-crystallin.

BACKGROUNDBone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a member of the superfamily of transforming growth factor-beta. Recent studies show that it is an indispensable factor in hematopoiesis. To better characterize the effect of recombinant human BMP (rhBMP)-2 in hematopoiesis, we set out to determine whether rhBMP-2 could promote the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and increase the levels of hematopoietic cytokines in MSCs.

METHODS2, 3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino) carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT), real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the effects of rhBMP-2 on the proliferation and hematopoietic cytokine levels of MSCs. In addition, MSCs marked with Hoechst33342 were transplanted into BALB/c mice by the intravenous route or intra-bone marrow transplantation, and cluster numbers were counted.

RESULTSThe XTT test revealed that rhBMP-2 significantly induced proliferation of MSCs in doses ranging from 10 ng/ml to 0.1 mg/ml in a dose-dependent manner. The experiments in vivo showed that there were more clusters of donor cells in bone marrow, spleen, liver and lung of the BMP group than those in the control group after both intra-bone marrow transplantation (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively) and intravenous transplantation (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001 respectively). The results of real-time PCR and ELISA revealed that rhBMP-2 significantly increased mRNA expressions and protein levels of IL-6, IL-7, IL-11, G-CSF, M-CSF and SCF.

CONCLUSIONSThe treatment with rhBMP-2 promotes the proliferation of MSCs in vivo and in vitro and increases the levels of hematopoietic cytokines in MSCs, which may contribute to the improvement of hematopoietic function.

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; genetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-11 ; genetics ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; Interleukin-7 ; genetics ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; genetics ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Stem Cell Factor ; genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; pharmacology

Objective To explore the reason of high incidence of respiratory infections in psychiatric so as to provide the material and basis for the management of hospital infection.Methods Totals of 2 556 cases of mental patients in the psychiatric of Wuxi Mental Health Center during May 2010 and April 2011 were retrospectively surveyed,then a statistical analysis was performed.Results Incidence of respiratory tract infections was 7.21％ accounting for 57.35％ of nosocomial infection.Respiratory tract infections was significantly related to the age (r =0.62,0.54),diseases (r =0.75,0.74),duration (r =0.75,0.62),length of hospitalization (r =0.83),management model (r =0.62,0.74),occurring time (r =0.83,0.75),body disease complication (r =0.83,0.75),the use of antibacterial drugs (r =0.62,0.74).Conclusions Respiratory nosocomial infection is related to multiple factors,so strengthening the controlling of the related factors is crucial to the prevention of nosocomial infection.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of thrombopoietin (TPO) on platelet engraftment in hematological malignancies patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

METHODSOne hundred and twenty patients were enrolled in a multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled clinical trial, and were randomized into 4 treatment groups following allo-HSCT. Group A was the control arm without TPO, while group B, C and D were trial arms with received 300 U×kg(-1)×d(-1) of TPO starting from day +1, +4 and +7, respectively. A total of 89 cases were evaluated, of which 22 cases in group A, 23 in group B, 20 in group C and 24 in group D. Efficacy evaluation (the time of platelet engraftment, the number of platelet transfusion) and safety evaluation \[adverse events, routine blood tests, liver and renal function, coagulation function and occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)\] were observed.

RESULTSThe median platelet engraftment time in experimental groups (groups B, C and D) were on day (13.17 ± 2.89), day (12.15 ± 2.08), day (12.33 ± 1.76), respectively, and that in control group was on day (14.82 ± 5.05). There was statistically significant difference between two groups (P = 0.029), There were no statistically significant difference in the average amount of platelet transfusion, platelet engraftment time, and platelet nadir value among the 3 experimental groups. No significant adverse events were observed in experimental groups.

CONCLUSIONSTPO administration following allo-HSCT for patients with hematologic malignancies appears to shorten platelet engraftment time. TPO given starting from day +7 is effective and safe.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Platelets ; Child ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Transfusion ; methods ; Thrombopoietin ; therapeutic use ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate BCL-6 gene mutations in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL) and their implications in lymphoma pathogenesis.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct DNA sequencing methods were used to identify mutations in the 5'-noncoding region of BCL-6 gene in 135 cases of B-NHL, 5 cases of T-NHL, 5 cases of nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's lymphoma (NLPHL) and 10 cases of reactive hyperplasia of lymph node.

RESULTSMutations were identified in 6 cases of nodal DLBCL (27.3%), 4 cases of FL (22.2%), 4 cases of MALT lymphoma (22.2%), 4 cases of extranodal DLBCL (20.7%) and 2 cases of LRH (20%). No mutations were detected in T-NHL and NLPHL (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in incidences of BCL-6 gene mutations between nodal and extranodal DLBCL (P > 0.05). All mutations were base substitutions and the frequency of single-base change was 0.14 x 10(-2)/bp approximately 0.68 x 10(-2)/bp.

CONCLUSIONSMutations of the 5'non-coding region of BCL-6 gene may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of B-NHL. Molecular demonstration of such mutations may provide a marker of lymphomas derived from the germinal center-related B cells.

5' Untranslated Regions ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Base Sequence ; Child ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Point Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

Glyphosate is widely used in agricultural production as an efficient herbicide.At the same time,the residual problems of glyphosate and its potential harm are gradually attracting people′s close attention.In recent years,glyphosate residue detection method has become a research hotspot,fluorescence immunoassay,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunosensor are developed rapidly by sensitive,specific and fast characteristics.This paper reviews the immunoassay techniques of glyphosate residue and provides a reference for the rapid detection of glyphosate residue.

OBJECTIVEA retrospective analysis of 160 pre-menopausal breast cancer patients was carried out to elucidate the the menstrual outcome in those cases who had undergone adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery, and evaluate the relationship between chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) and recurrence of the disease.

METHODS160 pre-menopausal breast cancer patients were collected, 62/159 (39.0%) of them were node positive, 91/158 (57.6%) were ER positive, and 95/155 (61.3%) were PR positive. 111 cases had infiltrative ductal carcinoma, 26 cases had infiltrative lobular carcinoma, and 22 cases with others. In 152 cases data were collected by face-to-face interview and 8 cases by phone conversation. Types and cycles of chemotherapy regimen as well as menstrual abnormalities were recorded before, during, and after chemotherapy completion. Follow up duration was 12-72 months after chemotherapy completion for all patients.

RESULTS107 (66.9%) developed CIA, 24 cases returned to normal menses (22.4%), 83 cases continued CIA during more than 12-month follow up (77.6%). The rate of CIA increased with age (P < 0.01). During the follow up, disease free survival (DFS) rate was 85.9% in CIA group and 79.2% in non-CIA group, with no statistically significant difference. But in hormonal receptor positive patients, DFS was 80.0% in non-CIA and 90.1% in CIA, respectively (P = 0.04), showing a significant difference. Because of the small number of died cases, no analysis of the overall outcome was carried out.

CONCLUSIONAdjuvant chemotherapy causes ovarian function suppression, and may further leading to amenorrhoea. Women who experienced amenorrhoea after chemotherapy had a significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) rate showed by univariate analysis than women who continued normal menstruation. Chemotherapy is insufficient therapy for very young patients who are in high risk with hormone responsive disease, particularly when chemotherapy fails to induce amenorrhea. Further research is needed to evaluate interventional chemotherapy to improve the quality of life in women with early stage breast cancer who experienced ovarian toxicity. The post-chemotherapy menstruation status is a clinically valuable, objective and salient marker for sufficient endocrine effect of chemotherapy in ER/PR-positive premenopausal patients.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Amenorrhea ; blood ; chemically induced ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Premenopause ; Retrospective Studies

AIM: To explore the characteristics of astigmatism in preschool children before, during and after the COVID-19 epidemic, so as to provide a reference for further prevention and control of children's vision.METHODS: In the consecutive four years from January 2018 to December 2021, a retrospective analysis of vision data was conducted on 2 273 preschool children(4 546 eyes)younger than 4 years old who participated in children's vision screening test in Baiyun district, Guangzhou. They were divided into 1-year old group(ages<1-year old, 420 cases), 2-year old group(1-year ≤ ages <2-year, 543 cases), 3-year old group(2-year ≤ages <3-year, 614 cases), and 4-year old group(3-year ≤ ages<4-year, 696 cases)according to ages. The analysis included astigmatic degrees of children's eyes as well as their conditions of astigmatism.RESULTS: In 2018, the astigmatic degrees of the both eyes of 1-year-old group were higher than those of other groups(P<0.05). The binocular astigmatic degrees of the preschool children in four groups were obviously higher in 2020 than 2019(P<0.05), while they were significantly decreased in 2021 when compared with 2020(P<0.05). From 2019 to 2020, the increase of astigmatic degrees of the right eye is more considerable than the left eye of preschool children in those four groups(P<0.001). Furthermore, the morbidity of astigmatism basically echoes with the changing tendency of astigmatic degrees from 2018 to 2021.CONCLUSIONS: Preschool children in Baiyun district, Guangzhou, have the highest degree of astigmatism and the fastest progression rate within 1 year old. Before COVID-19 epidemic, the changes in astigmatism and prevalence were relatively stable; during COVID-19 epidemic, the astigmatism and prevalence increased significantly and the astigmatic degrees of right eye increased more than that of the left eye; after the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, the astigmatism and prevalence decreased significantly.

Background: Esophageal cancer is associated with substantial disease burden in China, and data on the economic burden are fundamental for setting priorities in cancer interventions. The medical expenditure for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer in China has not been fully quantified. This study aimed to examine the medical expenditure of Chinese patients with esophageal cancer and the associated trends. Methods: From 2012 to 2014, a hospital-based multicenter retrospective survey was conducted in 37 hospitals in 13 provinces/municipalities across China as a part of the Cancer Screening Program of Urban China. For each esophageal cancer patient diagnosed between 2002 and 2011, clinical information and expense data were extracted by using structured questionnaires. All expense data were reported in Chinese Yuan (CNY; 1 CNY= 0.155 USD) based on the 2011 value and inflated using the year-specific health care consumer price index for China. Results: A total of 14,967 esophageal cancer patients were included in the analysis. It was estimated that the overall average expenditure per patient was 38,666 CNY, and an average annual increase of 6.27％ was observed from 2002 (25,111 CNY) to 2011 (46,124 CNY). The average expenditures were 34,460 CNY for stage Ⅰ, 39,302 CNY for stage Ⅱ, 40,353 CNY for stage Ⅲ, and 37,432 CNY for stage IV diseases (P < 0.01). The expenditure also differed by the therapy type, which was 38,492 CNY for surgery, 27,933 CNY for radiotherapy, and 27,805 CNY for chemotherapy (P < 0.05). Drugs contributed to 45.02％ of the overall expenditure. Conclusions: These conservative estimates suggested that medical expenditures for esophageal cancer in China substantially increased in the last 10 years, treatment for early-stage esophageal cancer costs less than that for advanced cases, and spending on drugs continued to account for a considerable proportion of the overall expenditure.

Objective To investigate the disease spectrum and pathogenic genes of inherited metabolic disorder(IMD)among neonates in Gansu Province of China.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the tandem mass spectrometry data of 286 682 neonates who received IMD screening in Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021.A genetic analysis was conducted on the neonates with positive results in tandem mass spectrometry during primary screening and reexamination.Results A total of 23 types of IMD caused by 28 pathogenic genes were found in the 286 682 neonates,and the overall prevalence rate of IMD was 0.63‰(1/1 593),among which phenylketonuria showed the highest prevalence rate of 0.32‰(1/3 083),followed by methylmalonic acidemia(0.11‰,1/8 959)and tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency(0.06‰,1/15 927).In this study,166 variants were identified in the 28 pathogenic genes,with 13 novel variants found in 9 genes.According to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines,5 novel variants were classified as pathogenic variants,7 were classified as likely pathogenic variants,and 1 was classified as the variant of uncertain significance.Conclusions This study enriches the database of pathogenic gene variants for IMD and provides basic data for establishing an accurate screening and diagnosis system for IMD in this region.