Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin ; metabolism ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lead ; toxicity ; Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective: It is to investigate the efficacy of the blood-activating and orifice-opening method with acupuncture and moxibusion for treatment of vertebroarterial cervical spondylopathy. Methods: 176 cases were divided into the treatment group (89 cases) and control group (87 cases) randomly. Acupuncture on points Geshu (BL 17), Fengchi (GB 20) and Bailao (Ex-HN) was applied, and meanwhile moxibustion on points Baihui (GV 20) and Shangxing (GV 23) was applied in the treatment group, while Flunarizine was orally taken in the control group. Results: The blood-activating and orifice-opening method with acupuncture and moxibustion could significantly improve the comprehensive curative effect clinically, increase the subjective index score and the sign score significantly, and change hemodynamics obviously. Its effect was better than that of the control group. It was also found that its follow-up effect was significantly better that of the control group. Conclusion: The blood-activating and orifice-opening method with acupuncture and moxibustion has a definite effect on vertebroarterial cervical spondylopathy.

Objective To investigate the usefulness of HC visual laryngoscope designed for unskilled junior emergency resident doctors in respect of increasing the efficiency and success rate of emergency tracheal intubation.Methods A total of 80 patients needed the emergency tracheal intubation were at first divided into two groups randomly (random number).Patients in group A were operated by junior emergency resident doctors and patients in group B were operated by well experienced attending doctors.Then,the two groups of patients above were divided into two groups randomly (random number).Patients in group N were operated with conventional laryngoscope and patients in group HC were managed with HC visual laryngoscope.Then comparisons of the success rate of glottis exposure,the one-time success rate of tracheal intubation,the success rate of tracheal intubation,the complications,the number of attempt in successful intubation cases and the operative time consumed for successful intubation cases among the groups were done.Results (1)The success rate of glottis exposure,the one-time success rate and the success rate of tracheal intubation in group A-HC were 90%,70% and 90%,respectively which were significantly higher than those (50%,20% and 45%)in group A-N (P <0.05).The rate of complication,the number of attempt and operative time consumed for intubation cases in group A-HC were respectively 15%,(1.28 ± 0.43)and (31.44 ±5.06 ) s,which were significantly less than those [45%,(1.89 ±0.79 )and (45.89 ±4.99) s in group A-N (P <0.05 ).(2)The success rate of glottis exposure,the one-time success rate and the success rate of tracheal intubation in group B-N were 80%,65% and 80%, respectively which were significantly higher than those (50%,20% and 45%)in group A-N (P <0.05). The rate of complication,the number of attempt and operative time consumed for successful intubation cases in group B-N were 15%,(1.25 ±0.41)and (39.31 ±4.23)s,respectively which were significantly less than those [45%,(1.89 ±0.79)and (45.89 ±4.99)s]in group A-N (P <0.05).(3)There were no significant statistical differences in above results between group A-HC and group B-HC (P >0.05 ). Conclusions HC visual laryngoscope used by unskilled junior emergency resident doctors for emergency tracheal intubation,could increase success rate of glottis exposure,decrease the number of attempt of intubation,decrease rate of complication,shorten operative time required for intubation thus improving efficiency and success rate of emergency tracheal intubation,and maybe narrow the skill gap between unskilled junior resident doctors and well experienced attending doctors in respect of emergency tracheal intubation.

Epiberberine, one of the most important isoquinoline alkaloid in Coptidis Rhizoma, possesses extensive pharmacological activities. In this paper, the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to study phase I and phase II metabolites. A Thermo HPLC system (including Surveyor AS, Surveyor LC Pump, Surveyor PDA. USA) was used. The cocktail probe drugs method was imposed to determine the content change of metoprolol, dapsone, phenacetin, chlorzoxazone and tolbutamide simultaneously for evaluating the activity of CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9 under different concentrations of epiberberine in rat liver microsomes. The result showed that epiberberine may have phase I and phase II metabolism in the rat liver and two metabolites in phase I and three metabolites in phase II are identified in the temperature incubation system of in vitro liver microsomes. Epiberberine showed significant inhibition on CYP2D6 with IC50 value of 35.22 μmol L(-1), but had no obvious inhibiting effect on the activities of CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9. The results indicated that epiberberine may be caused drug interactions based on CYP2D6 enzyme. This study aims to provide a reliable experimental basis for its further research and development of epiberberine.
Animals ; Berberine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

To figure out the stability and intestinal bacteria metabolites of rats in vitro of astragaloside IV ( AST), this research was done to explore the stability of AST in the artificial gastric juice. artificial intestinal juice and rat liver homogenate and the metabolism in rat intestinal in vitro. HPLC was used to calculate the remaining rate of AST in biological samples by measuring the content of AST, while metabolites were determined by combining the methods of TLC, HPLC and LC-MS/MS. It turned out that AST was difficult to metabolize in the artificial gastric juice, artificial intestinal juice and rat liver. Also, the metabolic pathway of AST was stepped by deglycosylation. Firstly, AST was converted to its secondary etabolites (6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- cycloastragenol, CMG) by removal of xylose moiety at C-3, then transformed into cycloastragenol (CAG) after hydrolytic removal of the glucose moiety at C-6. All the results suggested that the metabolism of AST in vivo occurs mainly in the intestinal by hydrolysis of glycosyl. In conclusion, hydrolysis of intestinal flora is the main reason that AST metabolizes.
Animals ; Bacteria ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Stability ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Liver ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; metabolism

Child ; Family ; Humans ; Pain

Objective To explore the mechanism of opioid-psychic dependence involving the aspects of pre-receptor and receptor by observing the changeable expressions of glutamate neurotransmitter and NR2B of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor in the neuroanatomical circuit of ventral temental area, nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex (VTA-Nac-PFC) of rats subjected to morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Methods The models of CPP were validated by escalating doses of morphine in rats (n=16). The colorimetry and immunohistochemistry ways were applied to detect the contents of glutamic acid and the expression level of NR2B in VTA, Nac and PFC. Results As compared with those in the control group physiological saline), the prolonged detention time of white compartment in the model group was notably observed (P<0.05), and increased content of glutamic acid and expression level of NR2B in fields of VTA, Nac and PFC in the model group were significantly detected (P<0.05). Conclusion Increased level of giutamic acid and expression level of NR2B in nuroanatomieal circuit of VTA, Nac and PFC could play key roles in inducing morphine-psychic dependent rats.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between vascular remodeling index (RI) and serum adiponectin, plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), endothelial function and evaluate the mechanism of coronary in-stent restenosis.

METHODSRI 6 months after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), serum adiponectin, plasma MCP-1 and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before and 3 days,6 months after PCI were measured in 30 patients with and 30 without coronary in-stent restenosis.

RESULTSCompared with patients without restenosis and those with restenosis before PCI, the patients with coronary in-stent restenosis showed significantly increased plasma MCP-1 3 days and 6 months after PCI (P<0.05) and reduced RI 6 months after PCI, serum adiponectin and FMD 3 days and 6 months after PCI (P<0.05). RI was positively correlated to serum adiponectin and FMD and inversely to MCP-1.

CONCLUSIONThe occurrence of coronary in-stent restenosis is the result of the interrelations between multiple factors.

Adiponectin ; blood ; Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Chemokine CCL2 ; blood ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Coronary Restenosis ; blood ; etiology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stents ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical value of dual-source CT (DSCT) in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

METHODSFifty-five patients with suspected coronary heart disease underwent both DSCT coronary angiography (DSCTCA) and selective coronary angiography (CAG) examination, and the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the DSCTCA was evaluated.

RESULTSThe sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and accuracy of DSCT in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease were 97.7%, 72.6%, 93.5%, 88.9% and 92.7% by the number of patients, respectively; by calculating the coronary arteries, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, accuracy were 94.9%, 95.8%, 92.5%, 97.1%, 95.5%, respectively. According to the lesion segment, these values were 88.2%, 96.9%, 90.5%, 96.1%, 94.7%, respectively. DSCTCA showed no significant difference from CAG for a diagnostic purpose, nor did their vessel sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and accuracy in different coronaries differ significantly.

CONCLUSIONDSCT has a diagnostic accuracy of coronary heart disease close to that CAG and can on some occasion serve as an alternative to CAG in the screening of coronary artery disease.

Adult ; Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the acting mechanism of anti-morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) between aqueous extract of Corydalis yanhusuo and L-THP and compare their effects.

METHODThe CPP model was established by injecting morphine in rats with a increasing dose for 10 days, with the initial dose of 10 g x kg(-1) and the final dose of 100 g x kg(-1), 10 mg x kg(-1) was increased each day, thus 100 mg x kg(-1) was injected by d 10. Having been treated with differential doses (2, 1 and 0.5 g x kg(-1)) of C. yanhusuo (containing L-THP: 0.153, 0.077 and 0.038 mg x kg(-1) respectively) and L-THP (3.76, 1.88 and 0.94 mg x kg(-1)) for six days, the CPP effect in rats was detected. Both colorimetry and immunohistochemistry methods were adopted to detect the content of glutamate neurotransmitter in each brain region and the expression of NR2B in VTA-NAc-PFC neuroanatomical circuit.

RESULTCompared with the physiological saline treatment group, C. yanhusuo (2, 1 g x kg(-1)) and L-THP (3.76 and 1.88 mg x kg(-1)) groups showed a notably shorter retention period of rats in white boxes (morphine-accompanied boxes) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and remarkably lower glutamic acid content in VTA, NAc and PFC and NR2B expression.

CONCLUSIONBoth C. yanhusuo and L-THP can substantially inhibit the effect of morphine CPP, reduce the increasing glutamic acid content in VTA-NAc-PFC neuroanatomical circuit and down-regulated NR2B expression, which may be one of mechanisms on reducing the effect of morphine CPP. C. yanhusuo preparations containing L-THP (1 x ) showed 24-fold effect of L-THP monomer of single application in terms of the behaviouristics of inhibitory effect on CPP as well as the similarity in terms of transmitter glutamic acid of in VTA-NAc-PFC neuroanatomical circuit and pharmacological mechanism of NR2B.

Animals ; Berberine Alkaloids ; therapeutic use ; Conditioning, Operant ; drug effects ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Morphine ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Morphine Dependence ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley