Objective To examine the reliability and validity of Chinese revision of connor-davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC) in Chinese college students.Methods 1610 college students were tested with CD-RISC.783 of them took a more test by BFI and SCL-90 at the same time.After three weeks,83 students were retested by CD-RISC.Results (1) The results of confirmatory factor analysis (x2/df =6.632,RMSEA =0.059,GFI =0.934,AGFI =0.915,CFI =0.927,NFI =0.915) indicated that the three-factor model reasonably fitted Chinese college students.(2) The Cronabach α coefficients of the CD-RISC and three factors called adaptability,tenacity and autonomy were 0.914,0.865,0.784,0.767 respectively; the mean inter-item correlation coefficients of them were 0.364,0.417,0.425,0.398 respectively; the Guttman split-half coefficients were 0.888,0.843,0.707,0.650 respectively; the retest-reliability coefficients were 0.856,0.742,0.777,0.747.(3) The scores of the total scale of CDRISC and three factors were significantly correlated to BFI and SCL-90(P＜0.01).There were significant differences between the low-resilient group and the high-resilient group in every index of BFI and SCL-90.(4) There were significant differences between male and female students in CD-RISC and factor tenacity and autonomy(male:2.77±0.60,2.70-±0.74,2.65±0.68;female:Z70±0.53,2.62±0.67,2.54±0.62; P＜0.05).Conclusion The Chinese version of CD-RISC is a reliable and valid method for assessing resilience in Chinese college students.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the possibility of HBV contaminating environment and transmission through the polluted surroundings. METHODS On the basis of that ascertain the contaminated environment by HBV marker(HBVM) and the relationship between HBVM and HBV infectivity in the blood,to discuss the probability of HBV contaminating and be spreading through the circumstance. RESULTS The positive rate of HBsAg and HBeAg was 26.39% and 11.11%,respectively in these specimens.While all of samples in control group were negative.The HBV DNA positive rate was 73.72% and 100.00%,respectively in the positive blood specimens of HBsAg and HBeAg.The infectivity was 0-10~9 and 10~2-10~9 ID/ml,respectively. CONCLUSIONS The blood worktable surface is contaminated by HBVM.The pollution is from patients′ blood.So the probability exists that HBV is transmitted through environment pollution.

Objective To analyze the current situation of institutional care for people with disabilities in Shanghai, China. Methods Sec-ondary data were collected from the synthetical information platform of Shanghai Disabled Persons' Federation, including data about the res-idential institutions and people with disabilities living in the institutions from 2004 to 2015. Results The number of residential institutions and people with disabilities showed an increasing tendency from 2004 to 2015. At the end of 2015, there was 368 residential institutions in Shanghai, providing institutional care for 5821 people with disabilities. People in the institutions were mainly with intelligence disability and mental disability, and mainly in 35 to 59 years old. Conclusion The institutional care for people with disabilities was generally in a good condition in Shanghai and met people's needs.

Objective Through the cell block technique to detect the expression of P16 protein in the liquid-based cytology with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and high degree of cervical intraepithelial lesions (HSIL),to explore the significance of P16 protein in ASCUS re-evaluate.Methods Collected in our hospital in 2012 cervix liquid based cytology specimens of 45 patients,including of 15 ASCUS,11 HSIL cases,low in 11 cases of epithelial lesions (LSIL) and 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma,2 cases of atypical glandular cells,4 cases of normal cells as a control.Immunocytochemical analysis of P16 protein control analysis,cytology and histology results.Results The expressing of P16 protein in normal cells,ASCUS,LSIL,HSIL,squamous cell carcinoma,atypical glandular cells in the positive expression rates were 0,20％,27.2％,63.6％,100％,100％.Cytology and biopsy results,cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS 15 cases,biopsy:12 cases of cervicitis,CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ in 3 cases; cytology the in LSIL11,biopsy:5 cases of cervicitis,CIN Ⅰ 6 cases ; the cytological diagnosis HSIL11 cases,biopsy:cervical four cases of intlammation,CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ ; cytologic diagnosis of atypical glandular cells in 2 cases,biopsy:adenocarcinoma; cytologic diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma in 2 cases,biopsy:squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion Detection of P16 protein on the cell block can be used for ASCUS classification ASCUS reassessment.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Pain ; therapy ; Spondylosis ; therapy

Carbon Dioxide ; Dental Enamel ; injuries ; Dental Pulp ; injuries ; Dentin ; injuries ; Erbium ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; adverse effects ; Lasers ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Neodymium ; Tooth ; radiation effects

OBJECTIVETo establish the steriod-induced osteoporosis model with the type of Kidney-Yin deficiency.

METHODSTotally 45 female Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group and Liuwei Dihuang pills(Chinese character: see text)group. The model was established by intramuscular injecting of Dexamethasone. Liuwei Dihuang pills (Chinese character: see text) group was administered orally with Liuwei Dihuang pills (Chinese character: see text). The signs and symptoms of mice were observed dynamically. All the animals were sacrificed at the end of the 6th weeks. The level of ACTH, cAMP, cGMP, TSH and E2 in serum were detected to evaluate deficiency of Kidney-Yin. Morphological changes and bone density were observed to evaluate osteoporosis.

RESULTS(1) Compared with control group, mice in model group appeared obvious Kidney-Yin deficiency symptoms, including hair dry, restlessness, excitability, hard stool, and yellow. (2) Compared with control group,the weight of mice in model group gained slower (P<0.01); the index of adrenal gland,liver and spleen decreased (P<0.01, P<0.01 ,P<0.01); the level of ACTH and TSH increased (P<0.01 ,P<0.01), the level of E2 decreased (P<0.01) and the ratio of cAMP/cGMP increased (P< 0.05). (3)Compared with control group,the bone density of lumbar vertebra and femur in model group were significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05); HE staining revealed osteoporosis in model group mice. (4)However, the Liuwei Dihuang pills (Chinese character: see text) group can partly antagonize the inhibition of the HPA axis, alter the disordered sex hormone and the ratio of cAMP/cGMP, and reverse the osteoporosis partly.

CONCLUSIONthe model of osteoporosis with type of Kidney-Yin deficiency could be established by Dexamethasone intramuscular injection. With less interference, it wight be a stable and reliable modeling method for integration of disease and syndrome in TCM.

Animals ; Bone Density ; Dexamethasone ; toxicity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Kidney Diseases ; etiology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Osteoporosis ; chemically induced ; Yin Deficiency ; complications

As a renewable clean energy,biodiesel has been the subject of much research in recent years owing to its excellent environmental performance.The bio-enzymatic method possesses unparalleled advantages over conventional chemical catalysis,and it would be the direction in biodiesel industrialization process.The progress and application of three biocatalytic approaches for biodiesel production including immobilized lipase,free lipase and whole-cell catalysis were summerized.Finally,the challenges of biodiesel industrialization in China are analyzed,and some effective measures are put forward.

The article introduces a new method for three-dimensional reproduction of edentulous dental casts, and wax occlusion rims with jaw relation by using a commercial high-speed line laser scanner and reverse engineering software and evaluates the method's accuracy in vitro. The method comprises three main steps: (i) acquisition of the three-dimensional stereolithography data of maxillary and mandibular edentulous dental casts and wax occlusion rims; (ii) acquisition of the three-dimensional stereolithography data of jaw relations; and (iii) registration of these data with the reverse engineering software and completing reconstruction. To evaluate the accuracy of this method, dental casts and wax occlusion rims of 10 edentulous patients were used. The lengths of eight lines between common anatomic landmarks were measured directly on the casts and occlusion rims by using a vernier caliper and on the three-dimensional computerized images by using the software measurement tool. The direct data were considered as the true values. The paired-samples t-test was used for statistical analysis. The mean differences between the direct and the computerized measurements were mostly less than 0.04 mm and were not significant (P>0.05). Statistical significance among 10 patients was assessed using one-way analysis of variance (P<0.05). The result showed that the 10 patients were considered statistically no significant. Therefore, accurate three-dimensional reproduction of the edentulous dental casts, wax occlusion rims, and jaw relations was achieved. The proposed method enables the visualization of occlusion from different views and would help to meet the demand for the computer-aided design of removable complete dentures.
Analysis of Variance ; Computer-Aided Design ; Dental Models ; Denture Design ; Denture, Complete ; Dimensional Measurement Accuracy ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Jaw Relation Record ; Lasers ; Mouth, Edentulous ; rehabilitation ; Waxes

Objective To study the effects of iodine deficiency during pregnancy on fetal iodine metabolism and thyroid function. Methods Wistar dams were randomly divided into four groups: severe iodine deficiency(SID), moderate iodine deficiency(MoID), mild iodine deficiency(MiID) and normal iodine(NI). All the dams were fed with iodine deficient food(iodine contents: 50 μg/kg) and drinking water with different doses of KI (0,54.9,163.8,381.7 μg/L) for 3 months till mating. Iodine was supplied at the dose of 1.24 μg/d(SID), 2.50 μg/d(MoID), 5.00 μg/d(MiID) and 10.00 μg/d(NI), respectively. The dams and their fetuses on gestation of 20 days were studied. Urine iodine of dams and iodine contents in fetal amniotic fluid were measured by As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry using ammonium persulfate digestion. And blood iodine in pregnant rats and iodine contents in placental tissue were measured by As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry in dry ash of samples in KClO3-ZnSO4-K2CO3-NaCl. Thyroid hormone levels in mother serum and in fetal amniotic fluid were detected by chemiluminascent assay, and their thyroid glands were weighted and carefully observed. Results ①Iodine content in urine and blood of pregnant rats and amniotic fluid of fetal rats reduced along with their decrease of iodine supply. Urine iodine median of rats in 4 groups(NI: 353.7 μg/L; MiID: 115.9 μg/L; MoID: 26.9 μg/L; SID: 0 μg/L) were statistically significant(χ2=32.884, P < 0.01). Blood iodine level in MoID and SID[(29.4±18.6), (11.7± 7.0)μg/L]was significantly lower than that in NI[(49.1±23.0)μg/L, P < 0.05 or < 0.01]. In iodine deficiency groups, there was a decreasing trend in iodine contents of fetal amniotic fluid[MiID: (48.3±23.1)μg/L; MoID: (29.2±14.7)μ/L; SID:(19.5±6.7)μg/L]and an increasing tendency in iodine contents of placental tissue [MiID: (0.57±0.26)μg/g, MoID: (0.53±0.34)μg/g; SID: (0.53±0.15)μg/g], but there was no statistical significance(P>0.05). ②In SID, TT4[(14.3±4.1)nmol/L]and FT4[(10.8±3.6)pmol/L]were lower than that in NI[(28.4±19.3)nmol/L, (20.2±8.0)pmol/L, P < 0.05 or < 0.01], while that in MoID[(22.1±6.1)nmol/L, (18.5±4.1)pmol/L]and MiID[(25.5±13.1)nmol/L, (18.6±8.4)pmol/L]were decreased without statistical significance(P > 0.05). And FT3/FT4 ratio(0.34±0.16), absolute[(48.4±22.7)mg]and relative weights[(144± 76)mg/kg]of thyroid gland in pregnant rats were respectively higher than that in NI[0.16±0.02, (19.5±3.1)mg, (66±10)mg/kg, P<0.01]. But that in MoID[0.19±0.04, (27.0±5.7)mg, (84±19)mg/kg]and MiID[0.17± 0.06, (25.0±8.9)mg, (78±25)mg/kg]were increased without statistical significance(P > 0.05). A visibly congestive enlargement thyroid was found in SID, while thyroid mildly enlarged in MoID and MiID. ③Compared with NI [(2.38±1.55)pmol/L,0.50±0.18], the FT4 levels [(1.07±0.87) pmol/L]in amniotic fluid were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and the FT3/FT4 ratio (1.96±0.61) was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in SID. There were no statistical significances(P > 0.05) in other 3 groups[MiID: (2.77±0.90)pmol/L,0.46±0.15; MoID: (2.35±0.76)pmoL/L,0.61±0.21]. A visible thyroid enlargement with hyperemia was observed in SID fetus while in other 2 experiment groups their thyroids were only mildly congested. Conclusions Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy can result in both mother and fetus overt hypothyroidism. The fetal thyroid hormone levels in mild iodine deficiency status is close to normal levels because of maternal and placental compensation. Moreover, both the dam and the fetus suffer from the negative effects in moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy.