Objective To discuss the three-dimensional reconstruction of lateral flaps of legs by Amira 4.1 based on an operational platform of personal computer,and to establish their digitized visible models.Methods A fresh adult cadaver specimen was perfused with the mixture of lead oxide-gelatine.The eikonic data were imputed into personal computer.Radiographs of CT scanning of the lower legs were digitally analyzed by Amira 4.1 software.The segmented areas for skin,arteries and flap structures were displayed in different colors using tools of Brush,Lasso and Magic wand.By several steps,according to particularities of anatomy structures and traits of images,stereo images of the flap and its blood vessel structure were performed by several algorithms.The 3D reconstruction via the Amira 4.1 software consisted of tracing the contours of the anatomical structures to be reconstructed;adjusting the contours of stacked points by geometrical alignment;modeling the surfaces by meshing the framework of the points transformed into polygons and smoothing the contours of the object reconstructed from points.Three dimensional computerized reconstructions of lateral flaps of legs were conducted from these data using Amira 4.1 by computer-assisted imaging processing.Results The 3D images of the flap and its blood vessel structure by Amira were clearly displayed,and the surface and volume information could be obtained.The 3D images could display perfectly the main structures of flap and other adjacent structures by means of personal computer and software Amira 4.1.Correlation of cross-sectional images from CT-scanning to 3D models was a more effective way for understanding the flap anatomy.Conclusion Three-dimensional computerized reconstruction for lateral flaps of legs may provide great value for clinical experiments,basic research and surgical planning,and the Amira 4.11 software is of vital for three-dimensional reconstruction.

Objective To observe the antioxidative capability and the mRNA expression of sodium pump αl-subunit in kidney of hypothyroid rats by iodine deficiency and illuminate the pathogenesis of kidney damage.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups as control group (NT) and hypothyroid group (HT).The rats were all fed with low-iodine diet derived from an endemic goiter area and drank deionized water containing different potassium iodide to duplicate hypothyriod animal models.We determined the morphometric parameters of kidney by routine histology method.The contents of malondialdehyde and free radical scavengers (GSH-PX and SOD) in kid-ney,as well as the activity of Na~+-K~+ ATPase were measured in two groups.The mRNA expression of sodium pump α1 subunit was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results Compared with that in the control group,in hypothyroid group (1) serum free T3,free T4,total T3 and total T4 were markedly lower.(2) mean glomerular area and volum diminished markedly.(3)the content of MDA and activity of PGx increased markedly,but the activity of SOD decreased significantly,as well as the one of Na~+-K~+-ATPase.(4)the mRNA expression level of sodium pump α1 subunit was lower.Conclusion In a hypothyroid state,the decrease of antiox-idative capability of kidney resulted in lipid peroxidative damage,atrophy of kidney,decreased activity of Na~+-K~+ -ATPase and degression of sodium pump α1 subunit mRNA expression.

This study is to study is to investigate the coumarins from Fruit of Cnidium monnieri and their cytotoxic activities. The constituents were separated by column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyses. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytoxic activities by MTT method. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as osthole (1), bergaptan (2), xanthotoxol (3), xanthotoxin (4), imperatorin (5), isopimpinellin (6), osthenol (7), psoralen (8), 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin (9), oxypeucedaninhydrate (10), and swietenocoumarin F (11). Compounds 7, 9-11 were isolated from the Cnidium genus for the first time. Compounds 1,5,10 and 11 showed significant cytotoxic activities against L1210 cell lines at a concentration of 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) with inhibitory rates of were 70.13, 63.10, 55.77, and 75.08% respectively.
Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cnidium ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Fruit ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Mice ; Molecular Structure

Objective To study the etiological agent of hand, foot and mouth disease ( HFMD) and the genetic characteristics of coxsackievirus A16 ( CVA16 ) strains isolated from clinical specimens of patients with HFMD in Liaocheng city in 2013.Methods Throat swab and stool specimens were collected from patients with HFMD in the disease surveillance hospitals in Liaocheng city from January to December 2013.Samples pos-itive for CVA16 strains were screened out for the isolation of virus strains with rhabdomyosarcoma ( RD) cells and Vero cells.The entire VP1 coding regions of 9 randomly selected CVA16 isolates were amplified and se-quenced.BioEdit and MEGA4 softwares were used for homology analysis.A phylogenetic tree among the 9 CVA16 isolates and 56 CVA16 representative strains of known genotypes and subgenotypes was constructed.Re-sults The results of PCR analysis showed that 747(77.73%) out of 961 specimens were positive for HFMD and among them, 74 samples (9.91%) were positive for EV71 strains, 130(17.40%) were CVA16 strains and 543(72.69%) were other enterovirus strains.The 9 CVA16 strains clustered into the B2b evolution branch of B genotype with the representative strains, sharing 97.7%to 100%homologies in nucleotide sequences and 99.3%to 100%in amino acid sequences.Conclusion Although EV71 and CVA16 strains were identified, other enteric viruses were the predominant pathogens causing HFMD in Liaocheng city in 2013.The CVA16 iso-lates belonged to B2b subgenotype.The pathogen spectrum of HFMD had already changed.It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance for EV71, CVA16 and other enteric viruses and understand their genetic characteriza-tions, which would be of great significance for the prevention and control of HFMD.

The presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) proteins leads to changes in the cellular gene expression. As a consequence, the cellular signaling processes are influenced by the actions of HBV proteins. It has been shown that HBV nucleocapsid protein and the amino-terminal part of polymerase termed as terminal protein (TP) could inhibit interferon signaling. Further, the global gene expression profiles differ in hepatoma cells with and without HBV gene expression and replication. The expression of interferon (IFN) stimulated genes (ISGs) was differently regulated in cells with HBV replication and could be modulated by antiviral treatments. The HBV TP has been found to modulate the ISG expression and enhance the HBV replication. The modulation of the cellular signaling processes by HBV may have significant implications for pathogenesis.

The clinical data of 91 patients with axillary cystic/solid mass receiving ultrasound-guided mass puncture in Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital and Hangzhou Third Hospital from March 2010 to October 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The biopsy cytology examination and routain bacteria culture of puncture fluid were applied in 44 cases ( control group); while X-pert examination of puncture fluid was performed in addition to biopsy cytology examination and routain bacteria culture in 47 cases ( study group) . The histopathological examination of surgical specimens were used as gold standard.The overall diagnostic accuracy rates of study and control groups were 93.6% (44/47) and 68.2% (30/44), respectively(P=0.002) .The diagnostic accuracy rates for tuberculous abscess in study and control groups were 100.0%(28/28)and 57.7%(15/26), respectively (P=0.000).However, there were no significant differences in diagnosis of other diseases, including metastatic carcinoma, abscess other than tuberculous and lymphatic hygroma between two groups.The study shows that diagnostic accuracy of multiple examination methods of puncture fluid for axillary cystic/solid mass is high and has clinical application value.

Objective To evaluate the effects of betulinic acid preconditioning on oxidative stress response during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in mice.Methods Seventy-two male Kunming mice,aged 3 months,weighing 25-35 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),I/R group,and betulinic acid preconditioning group (group BP).Cerebral I/R was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice anesthetized with 10％ chloral hydrate 40 ml/kg.In group BP,betulinic acid 50 mg/kg was administered by intragastric gavage everyday for 7 days before ischemia,while the equal volume of solvent dimethyl sulfoxide was given in S and I/R groups.At 22 h of reperfusion,neurological function was assessed and scored.The mice were then sacrificed and brains were removed for determination of infarct size,expression of NADPH oxidase (Nox1,Nox2 and Nox4) and p22phox mRNA,activity of ROS and apoptosis rate in the infarcted zone.Results Compared with S group,neurological score,cerebral infarct size,activity of ROS and apoptosis rate in the infarcted zone were significantly increased,and the expression of Nox1,Nox2,Nox4 and p22phox mRNA was up-regulated in group I/R.Compared with group I/R,neurological score,cerebral infarct size,activity of ROS and apoptosis rate in the infarcted zone were significantly decreased,and the expression of Nox1,Nox2,Nox4 and p22phox mRNA was down-regulated in group BP.Conclusion Betulinic acid preconditioning mitigates cerebral I/R injury through inhibiting oxidative stress response in mice.

Objective To search for the methods preventing nephrotoxic injury of amikacin,Methods Case-control research was used in this study. There were 50 normal children in control group The urine routine, the ?2-microglobulin (?2 -M), mosmol and THP in urine and blood, the AIb, rGT and NAG in urine, the renal function and serum concentration of amikacin were determined respectively.The 43 patients with serious illness childten in study group, were divided into 2 groups (Group 1 and group 2 ). Group 1 (23 cases) was treated only with amikacin for 7 days, and group 2 (20 cases) was treated with vitaminC, vitamin E and amikacin for 7 days. Before treatment, the 3rd and 7th day during the treatment, all the items mentioncd above were examined in gtoup 1 and 2.Results The incidences of nephrotoxic injury of amikacin are 87 per cent (20/23)and 55 per cent (11/20) respectively in group 1 and 2. There is significant difference (P

Objective To explore the polysomnography(PSG) characteristice of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OS-AHS) and primary snoring(PS) in children and clinical value of PSG in children with sleep disorders. Methods We analyzed 74 children with OSAHS and 62 with PS, every patient being monitored with PSG for 7 hours at night for 16 parameters, including apnea hypopnea index(AHI), periodic leg movement index(PLMI),and the lowest oxygen saturation(LSaQ2) etc. The parameters of the 2 groups were comparaed. Results Comparaed with PS group, there was statistically significant difference in parameters such as PLMI, AHI,LSaQ2,the moderate oxygen saturation(MSaO2).AHI in non- rapid eye movement (NREM)(P

Objective To investigate the expression of Erbin in renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and the effect of over-expression of Erbin on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-(β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NRK52E cells. Methods In vivo, the model of renal fibrosis was induced by 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy in rat. Scr and BUN was detected and Masson staining was used to evaluate the level of renal tissue fibrosis. The location and expression of Erbin in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In vitro, after NRK52E cells were treated by TGF-β1 (10 μg/L) for 72 h, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to obverse the expression and distribution of E-cadherin and α-SMA. The expression of Erbin mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively. NRK52E cells were transiently transfected with Prk5-myc-Erbin plasmid via lipofectamine 2000, then the expressions of Erbin, E-cadherin and α-SMA were detected by Western blotting. Results (l)Compared to sham group with Scr (33.96±7.28) μmol/L and BUN (8.11±2.55) mmol/L, rats in 5/6 nephrectomy model with Scr (140.52±61.11) μmol/L and BUN (34.23±7.66) mmol/L revealed renal dysfunction. Masson staining indicated kidney interstitial fibrosis, and the expression of Erbin was significantly increased in renal tissue(2.9 folds), especially in tubular epithelia. (2)In vitro, the expressions of Erbin and α-SMA were markedly increased (2.3 folds and 2.1 folds, P<0.05, respectively) and the expression of E-cadherin was dramatically decreased in NRK52E cells stimulated by TGF-β1, which were consistent with immunofluorescence results. TGF-β1-induced E-cadherin suppression and a-SMA induction could be efficiently blocked by over-expression of Erbin (all P <0.05). Conclusions Erbin is up-regulated in renal interstitial fibrosis, and over-expression of Erbin can partly inhibit renal EMT induced by TGF-β1, which indicates Erbin playing an protective role in renal fibrosis.