Although the essential oil of Xiangfu Siwu decoction (XFSWD) has strong pharmacological activity, its special physical and chemical properties restrict the clinical application and curative effect. In this paper, Xiangfu Siwu decoction essential oil (XFS-WO) was prepared by forming inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The present study is to investigate the effect of β-CD inclusion complex on the transport of major components of XFSWO using Caco-2 cell monolayer model, thus to research the effect of this formation on the absorption of drugs with low solubility and high permeability, which belong to class 2 in biopharmaceutics classification system. A sensitive and rapid UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous quantification of senkyunolide A, 3-n-butylphthalide, Z-ligustilide, dehydrocostus lactone and α-cyperone, which are active compounds in XFSWO. The transport parameters were analyzed and compared in free oil and its β-CD inclusion complex. The result revealed that the formation of XFSWO/β-CD inclusion complex has significantly increased the transportation and absorption of major active ingredients than free oil. Accordingly, it can be speculated that cyclodextrin inclusion complex can improve bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Above all these mentioned researches, it provided foundation and basis for physiological disposition and pharmaceutical study of XFSWD.
Biological Transport ; Caco-2 Cells ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Humans ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; pharmacology

Two trace impurities in the bulk drug lisinopril were detected by means of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) with a simple and sensitive method suitable for HPLC/MSn analysis. The fragmentation behavior of lisinopril and the impurities was investigated, and two unknown impurities were elucidated as 2-(6-amino-1-(1-carboxyethylamino)-1-oxohexan-2-ylamino)-4-phenylbutanoic acid and 6-amino-2-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpro-pylamino)-hexanoic acid on the basis of the multi-stage mass spectrometry and exact mass evidence. The proposed structures of the two unknown impurities were further confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments after preparative isolation.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Contamination ; Lisinopril ; analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

To investigate the status on vaccination for National Immunization Program ( NIP) among migrant children in Longwan District of Wenzhou City , and to explore the factors that influ-enced the vaccination rate in migrant children . [ Methods] By using PPS sampling method , a series of 366 migrant children who were born from January 1, 2009 to December 31,2011 were investigated for NIP vaccine immunization status by household visit in 30 towns. [ Results] The percentage of migrant chil-dren with vaccination card and vaccination certificate were 92 .90%and 99 .73%respectively .Vaccination coverage rates were Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG)(98.09%), 1 Oral Poliomyelitis Attenualed Live Vac-cine ( OPV ) ( 95 .08%) , 3 Diphtheria , Tetanus and Pertussis Combined Vaccine ( DTP ) ( 92 .90%) , 1 Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine (MV)(91.53%), 3 Hepatitis B Vaccine (HepB)(95.36%), 1 Japa-nese Encephalitis Vaccine ( JEV ) ( 65.30%), and 2 Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ( MPV ) (74.74%), Hepatitis A Vaccine(HepA)(61.34%).In addition, the coverage of HepB first doze timely vaccination was 88.52%,the scar rate of BCG was 96.58%.Five vaccines vaccination rate was 81.97%. The boosting vaccination rates of MCV ,DTP,and JEV were 78.87%,68.04%,and 57.95% respectively. The incidence of unqualified vaccination were 1.91%-42.05%, the highest being that of HepA and the lowest BCG . [ Conclusion] Basic immunization rates of BCG , OPV, DTP, MCB and HepB were higher than 90%, but their revaccinations and the vaccination rates of JEV , MPV and HepA were low , which was the weak link in management of migrant children .The main reasons for unqualified vaccination were extended vaccination , unvaccination or not full vaccination .

OBJECTIVETo explore the proliferation-promoting effect of sensory neuropeptide substance P (SP) on the cultured granulation tissue fibroblasts in vitro and its regulative effect on the gene expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA.

METHODSThe proliferation-promoting effect of cultured granulation tissue fibroblasts was observed by means of MTT; the regulative effect of SP on gene expression of fibroblast bFGF by RT-PCR. The time and dose-efficiency relations were also observed.

RESULTSThere was a significant proliferation-promoting effect of SP on the cultured granulation tissue fibroblasts in vitro in a remarkable dose-dependent fashion. However, bFGF antibody only partly exerted its inhibitive effect. SP could induce the bFGF mRNA expression of the fibroblasts at the 3rd and 6th hour (P < 0.01). SP could promote the bFGF mRNA expression of the fibroblasts in the concentration of 10(-9) - 10(-5) mol/L and peaked in the concentration of 10(-7) mol/L.

CONCLUSIONSSP has a significant proliferation-promoting effect on the granulation tissue fibroblasts, which is correlated with SP inducing bFGF mRNA expression of fibroblasts.

Animals ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; genetics ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Granulation Tissue ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Substance P ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo explore the regulative effects and significance of neuropeptide substance P (SP) on the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) of granulation tissue fibroblasts in vitro.

METHODSA local aseptic inflammation was induced by injection of formaldehyde in rats, and its granulation tissue was cultured. RT-PCR was employed to observe expression of bFGF mRNA after inducement of SP at different concentrations and time points in the granulation tissue, and western blot to assay expression of bFGF protein.

RESULTSThe expression of bFGF mRNA was markedly increased significantly 3 and 6 hours after inducement with SP in 10(-7) mol/L, compared with control group (P < 0.01). The expression of bFGF protein was markedly higher than the control group after 12 hours, and it reached the peak at the 24th hour and declined gradually after 48 hours. SP at concentrations of 10(-9) - 10(-5) mol/L could significantly promote the expression of bFGF mRNA, and that at 10(-8) - 10(-5) mol/L induce the expression of bFGF protein. Both expressions reached the peak when SP concentration was 10(-7) mol/L (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSP can induce the expressions of bFGF mRNA and bFGF protein of granulation tissue fibroblasts in vitro, which may possess an important significance in wound healing.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Granulation Tissue ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Substance P ; pharmacology ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

Adult ; Aldosterone ; blood ; Angiotensin II ; blood ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renin ; blood ; Sodium ; administration & dosage

Objective To investigate the relationship between wound age and the expressions of frizzled-2 (Fzd2) mRNA and its protein in rats skeletal muscle after contusion,and to explore its possibility of being an index for wound age estimation.Methods The mRNA and protein expressions of Fzd2 in rats skeletal muscle of the control group and the experimental group within 4-48 h after contusion were detected per 4 h by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Results The relative expression of Fzd2 mRNA increased at 24h,36h and 40h after contusion,and the expression at 24h was twice as the control group (P＜0.05).The relative expression of Fzd2 protein changed inconspicuously after contusion (P＞0.05).Conclusion The changes of Fzd2 mRNA expression after contusion in a certain time can be a basis to estimate wound age by combined multi-indicators.

Objective To analyze the spatio-temporal process on 2009 influenza A (HlNl) pandemic in Changsha and the influencing factors during the diffusion process. Methods Data were from the following 5 sources, influenza A (HlNl) pandemic gathered in 2009, Geographic Information System (GIS) of Changsha, the broad range of theorems and techniques of hot spot analysis, spatio-temporal process analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Results Hot spot areas appeared to be more in the economically developed areas, such as cities and townships. The cluster of spatial-temporal distribution of influenza A (HlNl) pandemic was most likely appearing in Liuyang city (RR=22.70,P<0.01). The secondary cluster would include districts as Yuelu (RR=6A9,P< 0.01) , Yuhua (RR=81.63, P<0.01). Xingsha township appeared as the center in the Changsha county (RR=2.90, P<0.01) while townships as Yutangping (RR=19.31, P<0.01) , Chengjiao (RR=73.14,P<0.01) and Longtian appeared as the center in the west of Ningxiang county (RR= 14.43,P<0.01) and Wushan as the center in the Wangcheng county (RR= 13.84,P<0.01). As time went on, the epidemic moved towards the eastern and more developed regions. Regarding factor analysis, population, the amount of students, geographic relationship and business activities etc. appeared to be the key elements influencing the transmission of influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. At the beginning of the epidemic, population density served as the main factor (r=0.477, P<0.05) but during the initial and fast growing stages, it was replaced by the size of students to serve as the important indicator (r=0.831, P<0.01; r=0.518, P<0.01). However, during the peak of the epidemics, the business activities played an important role (r=-0.676, P<0.01). Conclusion Groups under high risk and districts with high incidence rates were shifting, along with the temporal process of influenza A(H1N1) pandemic, suggesting that the protection measures need to be adjusted, according to the significance of influencing factors at different stages.

Coal Mining ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pneumoconiosis ; microbiology ; Pseudomonas Infections ; microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology ; Sputum ; microbiology ; beta-Lactam Resistance

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of compound qizhu granule (CQG) on cellular immunity of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

METHODSTotally 103 CHB patients treated with lamivudin (LAM) for 6 months, who had partial virological response (HBeAg positive) were randomly assigned to two groups, 50 in the treatment group and 53 in the control group. All patients took LAM 100 mg (once a day) plus ADV 10 mg (once a day). Patients in the treatment group additionally took CQG, one dose per day. After one-year treatment hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA negative rates, HBeAg seroconversion, levels of HBV specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), non-specific CTL and natural killing (NK) cells were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSAfter 1-year treatment, HBV DNA negative rate of the treatment group was 88: 0% in 44 cases, slightly higher than that of the control group (41 cases, 77.4%), but with no statistical difference (P >0.05). HBeAg seroconversion of the treatment group was 32.0% in 16 cases, higher than that of the control group (8 cases, 15.1%), with statistical difference (P <0.05). Levels of HBV specific CTL (0.79%±0. 07%), non-specific CTL (19.4%±1.8%) and NK cells (14. 1%± 1.5%) of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group (0.58% ± 0.08%, 17.5% ± 1.7%, and 11.1%±1.5%, respectively; allP <0.01).

CONCLUSIONTreating CHB patients with partial virological response by ADV plus CQG could improve specific and non-specific cellular immunity, thereby elevating HBeAg seroconversion rate.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; drug effects