Electrospinning technology opens up a new method for the construction of drug delivery system. The unique fiber structures of drug-loaded electrospinning nanofibers with the characteristics of similar to the extracellular matrix,good air permeability and hygroscopicity are very suitable for transdermal drug delivery systems.In this paper, the definition, characteristics, matrix selection, preparation methods, drug-loaded forms and drug-released profiles of drug-loaded electrospinning nanofibers are summarized and analyzed. Meanwhile, the application of drug-loaded electrospinning nanofbiers in the transdermal drug delivery systems is analyzed. This review is to provide support for the further studies on electrospun nanofiber transdermal drug delivery system.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that the vacuum sealing drainage technology can effectively promote the wound healing, and it has a wide prospect of clinical application, but there are few reports addressing the
treatment of diabetic foot.
OBJECTIVE:To discuss the clinical effect of vacuum sealing drainage technology in the treatment of diabetic foot wounds.
METHODS: Sixty diabetic foot patients were randomly divided into two groups: traditional treatment group,
regulating blood sugar level, dressing and traditional debridement; vacuum sealing drainage group, conventional treatment combined with the vacuum sealing drainage technology. The clinical efficacy of two treatments for
diabetic foot was evaluated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the traditional treatment group, the vacuum sealing drainage
showed better outcomes in switching frequency, stable blood sugar control, preparation time, wound healing time and cure rate (P < 0.05). It indicates that the vacuum sealing drainage technology in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers can resolute wound inflammation, stimulate the growth of granulation, create a favorable surgical condition for secondary skin grafting or flap coverage, significantly shorten the treatment time, and exhibit better curative effects than the traditional treatment.

AlM: To find out the weaknesses of the cultivation of the Chinese ophthalmology physicians and the gap between Chinese and the international ophthalmology physicians, so that provide the advice on the future cultivation of the Chinese ophthalmology physicians.
METHODS: The passrate of the 2013 lCO examinations taken by worldwide examiners by common statistical methods was analyzed.
RESULTS:The results indicated that the test scores of Chinese candidates' were lower than that of the international average level, there was a obvious gap existed between Chinese and other countries' ophthalmology physicians. lt showed that Chinese candidates were not quite adaptable to this examination, basic science and clinical level needed to be improved.
CONCLUSlON:lt may shows that the effects on the mid-anaphase of our country's ophthalmology residency training are not so good, which area we should pay more attentions.

Guinea pigs were given orally with a daily dose of 0.5 mg ascorbic acid per 100 g body weight 20 days before and 4 days after a whole-body r-irradiation and then injected subcutaneously with 10 mg ascorbic acid at 24 hours intervals. During the injection period, the daily urinary output of total ascorbic acid in the animals irradiated with 500 or 1000 r was significantly higher than that in controls, but the difference of 24 hours excretions of total ascorbic acid between the group irradiated with 150 or 250 r and the control group was not statistically significant.As shown in the urinary output of dehydroascorbic acid and diketo- gulonic acid estimated by our modified Roe's method, r-irradiation has no effect on its excretion in guinea pigs and rats.The levels of ascorbic acid in plasma, spleen and adrenals were significantly lower in the irradiated group than in the control group, but might increase with the increase of the injected dose of ascorbic acid.

Abstract: Objective To analysis the genetic evolution characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza A(H1N1)pdm virus in Changsha City from 2016-2023, to understand the trend of the HA genetic evolution and the mutations of the amino acid. It provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza epidemics, as well as the screening of vaccines under the new situation. Methods The A(H1N1)pdm09 virus strains from Changsha City from 2016 to 2023 were isolated using SPF chicken embryos, and then the HA genes were sequenced by MiSeq of Illumina Inc. The homology of HA gene was analyzed by MegAlign of the DNASTAR, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Neighbor Joining (NJ) method in the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 11 (MEGA11). Results The homology of the HA gene of A(H1N1)pdm virus in Changsha from 2016 to 2023 was between 94.8%-99.9%, with the HA gene homology decreasing annually. The homology between the isolated strains of A(H1N1)pdm09 in Changsha City from 2016 to 2023 and the WHO recommended vaccine strain ranged from 96.8% to 99.0%, indicating a relatively good match between the flu isolates and the recommended vaccine strain. The phylogenetic tree of the HA gene of the A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus in Changsha City showed that the HA gene evolved into several different branches within the 6B branch, and it had currently evolved to 6B.1A.5a.2a branch. Constant mutations had occurred at the amino acid sites of the four antigenic determinant clusters of HA protein. Currently, amino acid mutations had occurred at 15 antigenic sites within the four antigenic determinant clusters, and the newly emerged A186T antigen mutant site in the isolates from 2023 was worth recent notice. The receptor-binding sites are relatively conserved in loop 130, minor amino acid mutations occurred in loop 220, whether the amino acid mutation site in loop 190 is becoming more stable needs to be further monitored. Taking A/California/07/2009 (CY121680) as the reference strain, most of the A(H1N1) pdm09 isolates in Changsha was increased 162 NQTY glycosylation site and was decreased 276 NTTC glycosylation site, and the glycosylation mutations at these two sites have become more stable recently. Conclusions The HA genes of influenza A(H1N1)pdm virus in Changsha are constantly evolving and mutating, suggesting influenza surveillance should be strengthened continuously.

The commodity specification and grade of Chinese medicinal materials is a measure of the quality of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which directly impacts on the safety and effectiveness of clinical medicines. It is an urgent problem to establish a set of standards which can both interpret the scientific connotation of the commodity specification and grade of Chinese medicinal materials and play a significant role on clinical medicines as well as markets. This paper reviews the research methods of the commodity specification and grade of Chinese medicinal materials such as sensory evaluation, chemical assessment, biological evaluation, and cited the applications of various methods for the classification of TCMs. It provides technical support for establishing standards of the commodity specification and grade of Chinese medicinal materials, and also constructs scientific basis for clinical rational drug use.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Research Design

Objective To investigate the choroidal thickness (CT) in patient (＞ 50 years old) with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) compared to age-matched healthy controls.Methods Together 25 (＞ 50 years old) patients with CSC from January 2016 to January 2017 were enrolled in these study.Of 25 patients,20 patients were affected unilaterally and 5 patients were affected bilaterally.These patients were divided into affected eye group (30 eyes) and unaffected fellow eye group (19 eyes).Addition 26 age-matched healthy subjects were recruited as control group (26 eyes).Enhanced depth imaging technique of optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) was used to measure the choriodial thickness at 5 sites,including subfovea and 500 μm,1500 μm temporal and nasal to the fovea.Results The mean age of patients with CSC was (60.08 ± 7.68) years.The subfoveal choroid thickness of both affected eye group and unaffected fellow eye group was significantly thicker than that of the control group [(414.17 ±85.88)pan vs.(352.89 ±97.22) μn vs.(280.69 ±90.99) pau] (both P ＜0.05).In the patients with monocular affected eyes,the subfoveal choroid thickness of the affected eyes was thicker than that of the fellow eyes [(414.07 ± 85.88) μm vs.(352.89 ± 97.22) μm] (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in choriodal thickness at other sites in the three groups (all P ＜ O.05).Conclusion The choriodal thickness in patients with CSC at over 50 years of age is significantly thicker than that in the agematched healthy subjects,with subfoveal choroid thickness ＞ 400 μm,which is helpful for the differential diagnosis of elderly patients with macular serous retinal detachment.

Objective To construct luciferase reporter plasmids of truncated fragments of different lengths of human guanylate binding protein 5(GBP5)gene promoter and analyze the transcriptional activity of each fragment to determine the core regulatory region.Methods GBP5promoter sequence was amplified by PCR,truncated into five fragments of different lengths and connected to pGL3-basic plasmid.The constructed recombinant plasmids pGL3-GBP5-11/21/31/41/51were transfected into 293FT cells and detected for luciferase activity.The binding sites of transcription factors in GBP5promoter region were predicted by JASPAR software,and Yin-Yang transcription factor 1(YY1)targeting the core regulatory region was selected and verified for the transcriptional regulatory activity.The CDS sequence of YY1 was amplified by PCR to construct the overexpression plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-YY1,which was then co-transfected to 293FT cells with plasmids pGL3-GBP5-21(-1 623 ～ +47 bp)and internal reference plasmid pRL-CMV,and detected for luciferase activity to analyze the regulation of transcription factor YY1 on GBP5 promoter activity.Results Colony PCR and double enzyme digestion identification proved that the plasmid of human GBP5 promoter reporter gene was correctly constructed;JASPAR software predicted that there were multiple transcription factor binding sites such as STAT1,YY1 and Foxp3 in GBP5promoter region.Double luciferase activity assay showed that pGL3-GBP5-21(-1 623 ～ +47 bp)showed the highest promoter activity,while the promoter activity of pGL3-GBP5-41(-520 ～ +47 bp)decreased significantly,suggesting that the core region of GBP5 promoter was located at upstream-1 623 ～-520 bp of 5 'UTR;Overexpression of YY1 significantly activated the GBP5 promoter activity and regulated the expression of GBP5.Conclusion The core regulatory region of human GBP5 promoter was located in upstream-1 623 ～-520 bp of the 5 'UTR,with a binding site of transcription factor YY1 existing in this region.Meanwhile,overexpression of YY1 significantly effected the activity of GBP5 promoter.

OBJECTIVETo establish a murine model of sensitization, and investigate the effect and mechanism of sensitization on allogeneic donor bone marrow cells (BMCs).

METHODSSensitized BALB/c mice were established by transfusions of allogeneic splenocytes. The donor reactive antibodies were detected by binding and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays. After irradiation, 1 × 10(7) BMCs of C57BL/6 donor mice were injected into non-sensitized or sensitized BALB/c recipient mice. The distribution pattern of donor BMCs in peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow of recipient mice were analyzed at different time points (2 h, 12 h and 48 h) post transplantation. Hematopoietic recovery post transplantation was assessed, and survival was monitored. Moreover, sera and splenocytes derived from non-sensitized or sensitized recipients were incubated with allogeneic BMCs in vitro, and the cytotoxic indexes were calculated in the immune experiments.

RESULTSThe binding and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays showed that a high level of donor reactive antibodies was presented in sensitized sera. Compared with the non-sensitized recipients, the homing assay showed significantly decreased distributions of allogeneic donor BMCs in peripheral blood, spleen and femur of sensitized recipients. Non-sensitized recipients survived long term after irradiation, while all the sensitized recipients died within 12-15 days. Fourteen days post transplantation, the white blood cells and BMCs of non-sensitized recipients were (3240 ± 300) × 10(6)/L and (396 ± 27) × 10(6)/femur, respectively; while the white blood cells and BMCs of sensitized recipients were (320 ± 80) × 10(6)/L and (6 ± 2) × 10(6)/femur, respectively; the differences were statistically significant between this two groups (P < 0.05). Seven days post transplantation, the percentage of donor cells in bone marrow of non-sensitized and sensitized recipients was (48.07 ± 4.70)% and (0.77 ± 0.11)%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the white blood cells and BMCs following transplantation decreased along with time in sensitized recipients. The immune experiments of complement-dependent cytotoxicity reaction, cytotoxic T lymphocytes reaction and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity showed the cytotoxic indexes were higher in sensitized group than the non-sensitized group.

CONCLUSIONA sensitized model was established by transfusions of allogeneic spleen cells. Allogeneic donor BMCs were rejected in sensitized recipients, and its mechanism might be through immune impairment pathways.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Graft Rejection ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Homologous

Horseshoe kidney and retrocaval ureter are uncommon congenital anomalies of the genitourinary system that are easily diagnosed by typical imaging features. Both anomalies presenting in one patient is a rare disease characterized by isthmus of horseshoe kidney between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. The clinical diagnosis and treatment of horseshoe kidney with retrocaval ureter remain a challenge. Here, we reported a case of a 44-year-old man with the two anomalies who was preoperatively diagnosed by unenhanced computed tomography scanning immediately after retrograde pyelography. The literatures on such combined anomalies are reviewed and the diagnostic evaluation and surgical management of this rare entity are discussed.
Adult ; Humans ; Kidney ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Male ; Ureter ; abnormalities ; surgery