Objective · To investigate the smoking hypertensive elderly, find out the status of smoking in this population, and explore effective system intervention. Methods · The smoking hypertensive elderly in Waigang Town of Shanghai who received free antihypertensive drugs were recruited to investigate and descriptively analyze the smoking status of them with questionnaires. Results · There were 77.6% of the smoking hypertensive elderly who began to smoke in the age of 13 to 25, and nearly 70% smoking for more than 40 years. There were 59.5% of these people smoking 11 to 29 cigarettes daily in recent 3 years, and 41.6% spending 200-299 yuan on smoking monthly. Conclusion · Currently almost 70% of the smoking hypertensive elderly, who receives free antihypertensive drugs, have been smoking for more than 40 years, and the average number of cigarettes smoked daily is big. It is clear that the health education attached to the policy of providing free antihypertensive drugs has not changed the behavior. Therefore, medical personnel still needs to contact the illness and smoking hazards to help the elderly reduce smoking. Besides, it proves that tobacco control should be implemented in the young population to control epidemic at the early stage.

Objective · To investigate the prevalence of passive smoking among pregnant women in Shanghai and to analyze its influencing factors and to provide the basis and suggestion for making related intervention measures to reduce the harm of secondhand smoke on the health of pregnant women. Methods · From July to October 2014, pregnant women and their spouses were recruited for a questionnaire investigation at the antenatal care clinics of 3 maternity hospitals and 3 community hospitals in Shanghai. The questionnaire included demographic information, family basic situation and cognitive status of passive smoking. Results · The passive smoking rate before pregnancy in the 2831 pregnant women, who were involved in the investigation, was 17.1%. The passive rate during pregnancy was 7.8%. The difference between these two rates was statistically significant (P<0.05). 71.0% of the pregnant women have passive smoking for 15~59 min each day. Relative to home and work place, the passive smoking rate of pregnant women in public place was the highest (P<0.05). The passive smoking rate of pregnant women was significantly associated with the educational level of smoking spouses and the attitude of pregnant women when they faced the smokers. Conclusion · The passive smoking rate of pregnant women is influenced by the educational level of their spouses and the pregnant women's feedback to the smokers face to face. Public places are the most important exposure places to secondhand smoke for pregnant women. In order to reduce the harm from passive smoking to pregnant women and their fetuses, the related measures of smoking control at home education and smoking ban in public place should be made.

Introduction:Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus thermal ablation has been widely used recently in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aimed to compare results of the combination of TACE and percutaneous thermal ablation with those of hepatectomy in patients with HCC. Methods:The clinical data of 137 HCC patients who sequentially received TACE and computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous thermal ablation as an initial curative treatment (combination group) and 148 matched HCC patients who received hepatectomy (surgery group) between 2004 and 2011 were collected and analyzed. After TACE, multiphase contrast-enhanced CT was performed to identify the total number of tumors as well as lipiodol deposition in the liver. Survival was calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by using the log-rank test. The prognostic factors were assessed with multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results:Of all 285 patients, 225 (79.0%) had cancerous lesions≤5 cm in diameter. In preoperative contrast-enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging, the number of tumors was 1–4 for each patient. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overal survival rates were 95, 74%, and 67%in the combination group and 88, 66, and 47%in the surgery group, respectively (P=0.004);the corresponding recurrence-free survival rates for the two groups were 92, 69, and 61%and 75, 58, and 44%, respectively (P=0.001). In the multivariate analysis, treatment al ocation was an independent prognostic factor for survival. Only 60 patients in the combination group had sufficient imaging data, and 135 new lesions with lipiodol deposition were diagnosed as malignancies in 22 of 60 patients, whereas 20 new lesions were found in 11 of 148 patients in the surgery group. Conclusion:The combination of TACE and CT-guided percutaneous thermal ablation for HCC improves survival of HCC patients compared with hepatectomy.

Objective To evaluate the application of pooling HIV nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) among men who had sex with men (MSM) population, and to investigate suitable HIV screening strategy and the feasibility of calculation of HIV incidence using pooling NAAT among MSM population in China.Methods Four thousand eight hundred and fifty-six samples were collected from MSM population from April 2008 to September 2009 among with 4 156 were in Heilongjiang province and 700 were in Beijing in China. After standard testing with an HIV ELISA and WB confirmation testing, HIV antibody-negative samples were pooled and screened for HIV using NAAT.A three-stage pooling strategy was adopted.The HIV positive rate estimated by the four HIV screening strategies was calculated.In addition, 4 156 HIV positive specimens from Heilongjiang province were screened with the BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA).The HIV-1 incidences were estimated by BED-CEIA assay and pooling NAAT individually.ResultsOne hundred and forty-three of 4 856 subjects were HIV infected.130 were 3rd and 4th generation ELISA positive; 13 were antibody-negative but acutely HIV infected.According to the evaluation of four HIV screening strategies, routine HIV screening test together with pooling NAAT was more effective than other strategies for screening out window period generation ELISA+WB+pooling NAAT' were 2.68%(95% confidence interval CI=2.22%-3.14%), 2.82%(95%CI=2.35%-3.29%), 2.94%(95%CI=2.46%-3.42%) and 2.94%(95%CI=2.46%-3.42%), respectively.The differences were not significant (χ2=0.854 3, P=0.836 4).Of the 88 HIV positive samples from Heilongjiang province, 44 participants were tested as recent HIV infections by BED-CEIA assay. The estimated HIV-1 incidence was 2.36% (95%CI=1.63%-3.08%) and 2.92% (95%CI=1.01%-4.83%) based on BED-CEIA assay and pooling NAAT,respectively.Conclusions Pooling NAAT is a effective screening test in HIV negative population to detect window period infection among MSM population in China.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the significance of aquaporin-1(AQP-1) and aquaporin-3(AQP-3) in the development of colorectal carcinoma.

METHODSThe expression of AQP-1 and AQP-3 was investigated using immunohistochemical staining with Streptavidin Peroxidase in tissues from colorectal adenoma (CRA, n=25), colorectal cancer (CRC, n=50), and adjacent mucosa (CRT, n=50).

RESULTSThe positive rate of AQP-1 was 64%(32/50) in CRC, significantly higher than that in CRT (38%, 19/50) and CRA(32%, 8/25)(P<0.05). The expression of AQP-1 was associated with depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis in CRC patients(P<0.05). The positive rate of AQP-3 was 56% in CRT, 44% in CRA, and 52% in CRC. There were no significant differences (P>0.05). The expression of AQP-3 was associated with age, tumor diameter, and depth of invasion (P<0.05). No significant correlation between the expression of AQP-1 and AQP-3 in CRC was shown by Spearman correlation analysis(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAQP-1 expression is increased in CRC while the expression of AQP-3 is not. There is no correlation between the expression of AQP-1 and AQP-3 in CRC.

Adult ; Aged ; Aquaporin 1 ; metabolism ; Aquaporin 3 ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Tumor necrosis factor(TNF-alpha) plays an improtant role in the process of anti-infection and anti-cancer. It can both protect and make damage to the host. In order to find new way of inhibiting its host-damaging activity, An E. coli flagella displayed random peptide library was constructed and TNF-alpha antagonist peptides were screened using the peptide library. After 5 rounds of panning and DNA sequencing, six peptide sequences were obtained. Two of them(TBP2, TBP3) have the same sequence frame of V--N-WG. After primary comparation of TNF-alpha binding ability, four peptides were synthesised and purified with RP-HPLC. The activity of inhibiting TNF-alpha was detected with L929 cell and MTT method. The data show that TBP2 and TBP3 can inhibit 90% of TNF-alpha activity when TNF-alpha gives about 30% cell toxicity on L929. The two sequences have not been reported.
Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Peptide Library ; Peptides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; antagonists & inhibitors

Drug Design ; Genomics ; methods ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Array Analysis ; Proteomics ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

Objective To investigate the expression of inregrin?_3 and integrin?_1 in breast cancer and its bio- logical significance.Methods Immunohistochemical assay was used to determine the expression of integrin?_3 and integrin?_1 in the breast cancer(32 cases).Results In normal breast tissue,the positive expression rates of integrin?_3 and integrin?_1 were 0 % and 25 %.In the breast cancer tissue,the positive expression rates of integrin?_3 and inte- grin?_1 were 36 % and 81%.Conclusion The integrin?_3 and integrin?_1 are close associated with the biological sig- nificance of breast cancer.To examine its expression is useful to evaluate the aggressive degree,metastatic potential and prognosis in patients with breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the current situation of the prevention and contml of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)in Hubei Province,SO as to provide a policy.making basis for controlling work of IDD. Methods Using the method of proportional population sampling(PPS),30 eounties were seiected in Hubei Province.In each selected county,1 primary school was chosen.In every primary school,40 pupil8 aged 8～10 years were selected to examine thyroid size,intelligent quotient(IQ),and salt iodine contents at their home.In the selected pupils,2 boys and 2 girls were chosen to determine their urinary iodine contents in each age grouD.Twenty pupils in the above school and 5 housewives ileal"to this school were tested in health education questionnaire. Results The median of salt iodine was 30.1 mg/kg,and the rate of comsuming qualified iodized salt was 96.2% (1154/1200).The rates ofchild goiter were 6.5%(78/1200)by palpation and 4.1%(49/1200)by B ultrasound.The median of urinary iodine Was 358.4μg/L and mean of the IQ was 105.3±14.4.The rate of qualified scores of both students and housewives Was 25.5%(153/600)、90.7%(136/150).Conclusions The current Bituation of iedine nutrition is good.The goal of eliminating IDD has been achieved in Hubei Province.

Objective To confirm the distribution of high arsenic drinking water and the situation of endemic arsenism in Hubei Province, to provide reference basis for prevention and control of endemic arsenic disease. Methods Using typical investigation and sample investigation in 2006 and 2007, the arsenic content of water was detected sampled from 19 counties(cities or communities). And those water samples which were close to or exceeded the stipulated standard were rechecked by the national standard method. Furthermore, the situation of endemic arsenism was investigated in the cities having high arsenic contents of water. Results In 2006,10 028 water samples of 446 villages in 6 counties (cities or communities) were tested, the wells of high arsenic (> 0.05 mg/L) were found in 5 counties (cities or communities) and the proportion of the well that exceeded stipulated standard was 5.29%(530/10 028); In 2007,19 086 water samples of 1282 villages in 17 counties(cities or communities) were tested, the wells of high arsenic were found in 11 counties(cities or communities), and the proportion of the well that exceeded stipulated standard was 1.74%(333/19 086). In these two years, 29 114 water samples were tested, in which 863 water samples were exceeding the stipulated standard. The 2.96% of total wells exceeded stipulated standard and mainly distributed in 179 villages of 12 counties(cities or communities). And the highest arsenic content of water sample was 2.012 mg/L. In the endemic arsenism area, 2 critical, 1 moderate and 1 mild arsenism patients had been found. Conclusions The water of high arsenic content are scattered in Hubei Province and the situation of endemic arsenism disease is mild. Improving water aiming at decreasing arsenic and establishing patient files should be carried out immediately.