Objective To explore the mechanism of opioid-psychic dependence involving the aspects of pre-receptor and receptor by observing the changeable expressions of glutamate neurotransmitter and NR2B of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor in the neuroanatomical circuit of ventral temental area, nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex (VTA-Nac-PFC) of rats subjected to morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Methods The models of CPP were validated by escalating doses of morphine in rats (n=16). The colorimetry and immunohistochemistry ways were applied to detect the contents of glutamic acid and the expression level of NR2B in VTA, Nac and PFC. Results As compared with those in the control group physiological saline), the prolonged detention time of white compartment in the model group was notably observed (P<0.05), and increased content of glutamic acid and expression level of NR2B in fields of VTA, Nac and PFC in the model group were significantly detected (P<0.05). Conclusion Increased level of giutamic acid and expression level of NR2B in nuroanatomieal circuit of VTA, Nac and PFC could play key roles in inducing morphine-psychic dependent rats.

OBJECTIVETo study the acting mechanism of anti-morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) between aqueous extract of Corydalis yanhusuo and L-THP and compare their effects.

METHODThe CPP model was established by injecting morphine in rats with a increasing dose for 10 days, with the initial dose of 10 g x kg(-1) and the final dose of 100 g x kg(-1), 10 mg x kg(-1) was increased each day, thus 100 mg x kg(-1) was injected by d 10. Having been treated with differential doses (2, 1 and 0.5 g x kg(-1)) of C. yanhusuo (containing L-THP: 0.153, 0.077 and 0.038 mg x kg(-1) respectively) and L-THP (3.76, 1.88 and 0.94 mg x kg(-1)) for six days, the CPP effect in rats was detected. Both colorimetry and immunohistochemistry methods were adopted to detect the content of glutamate neurotransmitter in each brain region and the expression of NR2B in VTA-NAc-PFC neuroanatomical circuit.

RESULTCompared with the physiological saline treatment group, C. yanhusuo (2, 1 g x kg(-1)) and L-THP (3.76 and 1.88 mg x kg(-1)) groups showed a notably shorter retention period of rats in white boxes (morphine-accompanied boxes) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and remarkably lower glutamic acid content in VTA, NAc and PFC and NR2B expression.

CONCLUSIONBoth C. yanhusuo and L-THP can substantially inhibit the effect of morphine CPP, reduce the increasing glutamic acid content in VTA-NAc-PFC neuroanatomical circuit and down-regulated NR2B expression, which may be one of mechanisms on reducing the effect of morphine CPP. C. yanhusuo preparations containing L-THP (1 x ) showed 24-fold effect of L-THP monomer of single application in terms of the behaviouristics of inhibitory effect on CPP as well as the similarity in terms of transmitter glutamic acid of in VTA-NAc-PFC neuroanatomical circuit and pharmacological mechanism of NR2B.

Animals ; Berberine Alkaloids ; therapeutic use ; Conditioning, Operant ; drug effects ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Morphine ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Morphine Dependence ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To establish a sensitive and specific HPLC method for quality control of Radix Paeoniae Alba, HPLC method was applied for quality assessment of Radix Paeoniae Alba. HPLC analysis was performed on a Symmetry C18 column (250 mm x 4. 6 mm ID, 5 microm, Waters, USA). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (solvent A) and water containing 0.1% (v/v) phosphoric acid (solvent B) at a constant flow rate of 0.8 mL x min(-1). An increasing linear gradient (v/v) of solvent A was used (t/min, % A): (0,10), (5,10), (25,15), (45, 22), (46, 65), (50, 80) and (60, 80). The column temperature was set at 25 degrees C. The chromatograms were monitored at 230 nm and the on-line UV spectra were recorded in the range of 190 - 400 nm. The HPLC chromatographic fingerprinting of Radix Paeoniae Alba, showing 11 characteristic peaks, was established from 28 lots of Radix Paeoniae Alba. The areas of main chromatographic peaks were found to complied with the following rule: paeoniflorin > 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-glucos > albiflorin > methyl gallate > other compounds. The chromatographic fingerprinting of Radix Paeoniae Alba with high specificity can be used to control its quality and assure lot-to-lot consistency.
Benzoates ; analysis ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; analysis ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Ecosystem ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Monoterpenes ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

The arrival of big data era has constantly changed the habits of social behavior,and also brought new opportunities for the medical and health industry.China's joint registration system has not yet been established.How to establish a national joint registration system in line with China's national conditions in the context of the big data era is a direction that every practitioner in relevant industries should pay attention to and work together.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of robot-assisted core decompression combined with bone grafting in the treatment of early-stage osteonecrosis of femoral head.Methods:The data of 49 patients (84 hips) who attended the Department of Orthopedics and Joint Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from August 2019 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients suffering Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) II stage of osteonecrosis of femoral head underwent core decompression and bone grafting. Among the patients undergoing surgery, 30 patients (54 hips), including 19 males and 11 females, aged 44.3±5.4 years (range, 21 to 59 years) were treated with conventional surgical methods, and 19 patients (30 hips), including 12 males and 7 females, aged 41.4±7.2 years (range, 20 to 58 years), were assisted by the orthopedic robot navigation system. All operations were performed by the same operator. All patients were informed of the conventional and robotic surgical options by the surgeon at admission, and the patients made the decision. The baseline data of the two groups of patients, the time of unilateral operation, the number of unilateral X-ray fluoroscopy, the Harris hip score at the last follow-up after surgery, the visual analog score (VAS), and the collapse rate at the last follow-up were collected and compared.Results:A total of 41 patients (70 hips) were followed up, including 24 cases (42 hips) in the conventional surgery group and 17 cases in the robot-assisted group (28 hips). The average follow-up time of all cases was 14.6±4.8 months (range, 3 to 21 months). At the last follow-up, a total of 13 patients (13 hips) suffered femoral head surface collapse, including 11 patients in the conventional surgery group (11 hips) and 2 patients in the robot-assisted group (2 hips). The rate of femoral head collapse between the two groups had statistical difference ( P=0.045). The average operation time of unilateral hip in the conventional operation group was 21.3±5.4 min, and 16.8±3.3 min in the robot-assisted group, with significant difference ( t=3.94, P<0.001). The number of X-ray fluoroscopy of unilateral hip in the conventional operation group was 14.4±3.8 times, and 9.6±2.1 times in the robot-assisted group, with significant difference ( t=6.08, P<0.001). The Harris hip score before surgery in the conventional surgery group was 68.4±4.5 points, and 85.1±3.8 points at the last follow-up, while the preoperative Harris hip score of the robot-assisted surgery group was 67.2±3.9 points, and 86.5±4.4 points at the last follow-up. The Harris hip scores at the last follow-up of the two groups were significantly different from those before the operation, but there was no difference between the two groups after surgery ( t=1.09, P=0.283). The preoperative VAS of the conventional surgery group was 4.8±1.7 points, and 1.7±0.8 points at the last follow-up. The preoperative VAS of the robot-assisted surgery group was 5.1±1.5 points, and 0.9±0.3 points at the last follow-up. Τhere were significant differences between the two groups regarding the VAS in the last follow-up ( t=3.92, P<0.001). Conclusion:Core decompression combined with bone grafting have a definite effect in the treatment of osteonecrosis of ARCO II stage of osteonecrosis of femoral head. Compared with conventional surgery, robot-assisted surgery can achieve better short-term results and head preservation rate.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of doxycycline, losartan, and their combination in the prevention of left ventricular remodeling (LVRM) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats.

METHODSTwenty-four hours after the induction of AMI, the 254 survival rats were randomly assigned to the following groups and received drug treatment: (1) AMI controls (n=64), (2) doxycycline (30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), n = 63), (3) losartan (10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), n = 62), and (4) combination doxycycline and losartan (30 and 10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) respectively, n = 65) treatment groups. Also, sham operated rats (n = 30) were selected randomly. Each group was further divided into three subgroups of 1, 2, and 4 weeks of treatment. After the completion of treatment, hemodynamic studies were performed. Then, the heart of rat was fixed and analyzed pathologically.

RESULTSExclusive of the dead rats and the hearts with the myocardial infarction size < 35% or > 50%, complete experimental data were obtained in 157 rats. Besides sham operated rats, there was no significant difference in myocardial infarction sizes among the 12 subgroups of AMI control and drug treatment groups (P> 0.05). Compared with sham operated rats, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and left ventricular absolute weight and relative weight (LVAW and LVRW) were significantly increased in 1, 2, and 4 week subgroups of AMI controls (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively), with LVEDP elevated more significantly in 4 week than in 1 and 2 week subgroups (P < 0.01); whereas the maximum rising and dropping rate of left ventricular pressure (+/-dp/dt) and its corrected value by left ventricular systolic pressure (+/-dp/dt/LVSP) were all significantly decreased only at 4 week subgroup of AMI controls (P < 0.001). Compared with AMI controls group, LVEDP was significantly decreased in all 1, 2, and 4 week subgroups of the three treatment groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively); LVAW and LVRW were significantly decreased in 2 and 4 week subgroups of losartan and combination groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, respectively), and in only 4 week subgroup in doxycycline (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively); whereas the maximum dropping rate of left ventricular pressure and the corrected value of left ventricular pressure rising and dropping rate were significantly increased only in 4 week subgroups of all three treatment groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). There is no significant difference in all indices above among the three treatment groups at all three time points (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIt is indicated that doxycycline can prevent left ventricular remodeling and improve its systolic and diastolic function after AMI in rats, with the equivalent effect to that of losartan. There seems no additive effect when the two drugs are used in combination.

Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Doxycycline ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Losartan ; therapeutic use ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects

BACKGROUNDThe impact of body mass index (BMI) on the clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients ≥ 75 years old remained unclear.

METHODSA total of 1098 elderly patients undergoing PCI with stent implantation were recruited. Patients were divided into four groups by the value of BMI: Underweight (≤ 20.0 kg/m 2 ), normal weight (20.0-24.9 kg/m 2 ), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m 2 ) and obese (≥ 30.0 kg/m 2 ). Major clinical outcomes after PCI were compared between the groups. The primary endpoint was defined as in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), which included death, myocardial infarction (MI) and target vessel revascularization. The secondary endpoint was defined as 1 year death. Logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for the potential confounders.

RESULTSTotally, 1077 elderly patients with available BMIs were included in the analysis. Patients of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese accounted for 5.6%, 45.4%, 41.5% and 7.5% of the population, respectively. Underweight patients were more likely to attract ST-segment elevation MI, and get accompanied with anemia or renal dysfunction. Meanwhile, they were less likely to achieve thrombolysis in MI 3 grade flow after PCI, and receive beta-blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker after discharge. In underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese patients, in-hospital MACE were 1.7%, 2.7%, 3.8%, and 3.7% respectively (P = 0.68), and 1 year mortality rates were 5.0%, 3.9%, 5.1% and 3.7% (P = 0.80), without significant difference between the groups. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the value of BMI was not associated with in-hospital MACE in patients at 75 years old.

CONCLUSIONSThe BMI "obese paradox" was not found in patients ≥ 75 years old. It was suggested that BMI may not be a sensitive predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in elderly patients.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; statistics & numerical data ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through transradial approach (TRA) has shown to be safe and effective as transfemoral approach (TFA) among unselected patients. However, very few studies have compared the outcomes between TRA and TFA specifically in patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG).

METHODSA total of 404 post-CABG patients who had undergone angiography or PCI were included in the study. The primary endpoint was defined as angiographic success and procedure success. The secondary endpoint was defined as in-hospital net adverse clinical events (NACEs), which included all cause of death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, repeat revascularization, and major bleeding. Patients were followed-up for 1-year. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), which included death, MI, and repeat revascularization, at 1-year follow-up were also compared.

RESULTSThe angiographic success was reached by 97.4% in the TRA group compared with 100% in the TFA group (P = 0.02). The procedure success was achieved in 99.1% in the TRA group and 97.9% in the TFA group (P = 0.68). The incidence rates of in-hospital NACE (2.7% vs. 2.7%, P = 1.00) and 1-year MACE (11.5% vs. 12.0%, P = 0.88) were similar between TRA and TFA. Meanwhile, TRA was associated with a lower rate of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥2 bleeding (P = 0.02). In patients undergoing graft PCI, the procedure success was similar between TRA and TFA (100.0% vs. 98.7%, P = 1.00). The procedure time (25.0 min vs. 27.5 min, P = 0.53) was also similar. No significant difference was detected between TRA and TFA in terms of in-hospital NACE (0 vs. 0, P = 1.00) and 1-year MACE (21.4% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.19).

CONCLUSIONSCompared with TFA, TRA had lower angiographic success but had a similar procedure success in post-CABG patients. TRA was also associated with decreased bleeding and shortened hospital stay.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Re on the intestinal mucosa of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) mice by regulating the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/ STAT3) pathway. Methods Totally 48 mice were divided into : control group, SAP group, SAP + ginsenoside Re group and SAP + ginsenoside Re + LY2784544 group (n = 12). The mice were intraperitoneally injected with caerulein solution (after fasting for 12 hours, 100 μg/kg, 6 times, injection interval 60 minutes) to establish SAP models. Mice in the SAP+ ginsenoside Re group were intraperitoneally injected with ginsenoside Re (4 mg/kg, 1 time a day for 7 consecutive days). Intraperitoneal injection of 12.7 mg/kg LY2784544 was used to inhibit the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Pancreatic and intestinal mucosal injury were detected in each group. The wet to dry weight ratio of pancreas, serum amylase and inflammatory factor levels were detected in each group. The intestinal mucosal barrier function was analyzed by detecting the levels of D-lactic acid and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-D). The damage of pancreatic tissue and intestinal mucosa tissue was observed by HE staining. Western blotting was used to detect the levels of apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 in the intestinal mucosa. The JAK2/STAT3 pathway expression levels in pancreatic tissue and intestinal mucosa tissue were detected by Realtime PCR and Western blotting. Results The pancreatic index, serum amylase, interieukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), FITC-D, D-lactic acid, Bax protein levels, JAK2 and STAT3 mRNA and protein levels in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while Bcl-2 protein was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The Bcl-2 protein of SAP+ginsenoside Re group was significantly higher than that of SAP group, and other indexes were significantly lower than those in SAP group (P<0.05). The Bcl-2 protein of SAP+ginsenoside Re+ LY2784544 group was significantly higher than that of SAP + ginsenoside Re group, and other indexes were significantly lower than those in the SAP+ginsenoside Re group (P<0.05). Conclusion Ginsenoside Re may reduce the pancreatic injury in SAP model mice by inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway to alleviate the inflammatory response, and may protect the small intestinal mucosal barrier by alleviating pancreatitis and inhibiting the intestinal mucosal JAK/STAT pathway to inhibit cell apoptosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anticancer effect and its mechanism of SN-38 combined with sorafenib on hepatocellular cancer cell lines HepG-2 and BEL-7402.

METHODSSRB colorimetry was employed to measure the viability of HepG-2 and BEL-7402 cells after the treatment of SN-38 with sorafenib. Propidium iodide flow cytometric assay and DAPI staining were used to evaluate the apoptosis of HCC cells. Western blotting was conducted to detect the expression level of apoptosis-related and DNA damage-related proteins.

RESULTSSRB colorimetry showed the synergistic anticancer activities of SN-38 combined with sorafenib, with a combination index of <0.9. The apoptotic rates of HepG-2 cells in control, 60 nmol/L SN-38, 2.5μmol/L sorafenib and combination groups were 4.25%±2.45%, 28.95%±10.75%, 3.49%±2.49% and 53.19%±11.21%, respectively(P<0.05). Western blotting showed that the combination of these two drugs increased the enzymolysis of PARP, Caspase-8 and Caspase-3, and promoted the expression levels of p53, p21 and γ-H2AX significantly.

CONCLUSIONSN-38 and sorafenib have synergistic anticancer activity on hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro with the augmentation of apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; Camptothecin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; metabolism ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Niacinamide ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Phenylurea Compounds ; pharmacology ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism