Objective To discuss the features and surgical management of ectopic hyperparathyroidism.Methods Clinical data of 66 cases of ectopic hyperparathyroidism were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 66 cases of ectopic hyperparathyroidism accounting for 11.5％ (66/575) of all ectopic hyperparathyroid cases admitted during the period from 1982-2010.Prevalence of mediastinal ectopic lesions was 71.2％ (47/66),among those 65.2％ (42/66) was in anterosuperior mediastinum,and 28.8％ (19/66) in the non-typical loci of the neck.Radionuclide imaging of parathyroid glands was the most sensitive (87.0％) method among all common positioning examinations.Average number of operation episode was 1.47,and all lesions were finally resected.After surgery 49 cases presented with transient hypocalcemia,and were cured by calcium administration.52 cases were followed up,with recurrent hyperparathyroidism in 1 case.Conclusions Diagnosis and treatment of ectopic hyperparathyroidism are dependent on the understanding of common locations of ectopic parathyroid glands.Preoperative correct location and surgical expertise are helpful for successful resection.

AIM:To determine the content of the trace arsenic and mercury in Fructus Mume and Fructus Mume charcoal. METHODS:Atomic fluorescence spectrometry was used. RESULTS:The content of arsenic in Fructus Mume is 0.0597～1.0001 mg?g -1, that of mercury is 0.0198～0.0300 mg?g -1. CONCLUSION:This method is simple to handle, the quantitative analysis is accurate.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of suberselective uterine arterial embolization for uterine fibroids.Methods Uterine arterial embolization with golyvimylalcohol(PVA) particles or Iodized oil and Gelfoam or Pingyangmycin lipiodol and Gelfoam was performed in 182 patients with uterine fibroids.Results Bilateral and unilateral superselective uterine arterial embolization were performed in 173 cases and 9 cases respectively. 6～28 months (mean 11 months) after the procedure, complete disappearance of tumor(16 cases), an average shinkage of 67% in tumor volume(152 cases) and a mean 42% reduction of uterine volume were obtained in 168 followed-up cases. The clinical symptoms were relieved significantly.The main side effets were hypogastic pain(135/182).Conclusion Superselection uterine arterial embolization is an effective and microinvasive method in treating uterine fibroids.

Objective To analyze the relationship of the lateral angulation with the incision level after anterior approach operation for thoracolumbar fractures by evaluating the Cobb' s angle at different approach levels.Methods A retrospective study was done on 154 patients with thoracolumbar fractures treated consecutively with anterior operation from May 2004 to January 2008.The preoperative,postoperative and follow-up angle of coronal Cobb and the postoperative angle between screws and endplates on the anteroposterior radiograph were measured.According to the relationship between the injury vertebrae and the incision level,the patients were divided into two groups,ie,incision level ≥2 vertebrae group and incision level ≤ 1 vertebra group.Results All patients were followed up for 6-47 months(mean 37 months),which showed significant postoperative lateral angulation(P ＜ 0.01)especially at follow-up (P ＞ 0.05).The coronal Cobb' s angle showed insignificant difference before operation between two groups but it was increased after operation and during the follow-up(P ＜0.01).The screws A or B were more parallel to the endplate in two groups(P ＜ 0.01),while the parallel of the screws C or D to the endplate showed no statistical difference(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with the operation with incision level ≥2 vertebrae,the operation with incision level ≤ 1 vertebra can more easily induce postoperative lateral angulation and exert a significant impact on implantation orientation of the vertebral screws A and B,which may indirectly lead to postoperative lateral angulation.

Objective To study the expression level and clinical significance of bcl-XL gene in childhood medulloblastoma.Methods The expression of Bcl-XL protein and bcl-XL mRNA were determined by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization in 41 samples of medulloblastoma tissues,as well as 20 normal brain tissues.Results The positive rate of Bcl-XL protein(90.2%) and bclXL mRNA(95.1%) in medulloblastoma group were significantly higher than those in normal human brain tissues(all P

AlM: To find out the weaknesses of the cultivation of the Chinese ophthalmology physicians and the gap between Chinese and the international ophthalmology physicians, so that provide the advice on the future cultivation of the Chinese ophthalmology physicians.
METHODS: The passrate of the 2013 lCO examinations taken by worldwide examiners by common statistical methods was analyzed.
RESULTS:The results indicated that the test scores of Chinese candidates' were lower than that of the international average level, there was a obvious gap existed between Chinese and other countries' ophthalmology physicians. lt showed that Chinese candidates were not quite adaptable to this examination, basic science and clinical level needed to be improved.
CONCLUSlON:lt may shows that the effects on the mid-anaphase of our country's ophthalmology residency training are not so good, which area we should pay more attentions.

Adolescent ; Apolipoproteins E ; blood ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; complications ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Diseases ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; blood supply ; pathology ; Male ; Thrombosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effects of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-iron complex (APIC) on rats with iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

METHODSThe IDA rat model was established by adopting low-iron forage with a small amount of regular bloodletting. The rats were randomly divided into a model group, three AIPC groups (high, middle, and low dosage), an Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) group, a mixture group (ASP+FeCl(3)) and a positive control group (Niferex). Changes in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT) and iron content of whole blood were observed.

RESULTSThere was a significant difference before and after administration in all treated groups and all indices were restored to near-normal levels in the APIC groups and the positive control group. There was a significant difference among the changes of the indices in all the APIC groups and those of the model group but not between those of the APIC groups and the positive control group. However, the recovery of the indices in the APIC groups was superior to that in the positive control group.

CONCLUSIONAPIC not only has a superior therapeutic effect on IDA, but also has the effect of the ASP on supplementing blood and activating blood circulation. Hence, it may be used as a new iron-supplementing agent with a double therapeutic efficacy on blood supplementation for the treatment of IDA.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; drug therapy ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Iron ; blood ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIMTo investigate the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on spontaneous unit discharges of primary somatosensory cortex (SI-SUD) and the role of 5-HT1A receptor in 5-HT inhibitory effect on SI-SUD in rat.

METHODSThe SI-SUD was recorded before and during microiontophoresis of 5-HT and 8-OH-DPAT (the selective agonist for 5-HT1A receptor. The changes of mean of interspike interval (MISI) of SI-SUD were analysed and handled with the statistics.

RESULTS(1) Effects of 5-HT on SI-SUD may be inhibitory (48/96), excitatory (26/96) or non-responsive (22/96), and the major effect is inhibitory. (2) In 20 of 5-HT inhibited units, 17 are also inhibited with microiontophoresis of 8-OH-DPAT, but 3 have no obvious response to 8-OH-DPAT.

CONCLUSIONThe major effect of 5-HT on SI-SUD is inhibitory. In majority of 5-HT inhibited units, 5-HT1A receptor may be existence, which may involve in the inhibition of 5-HT on SI-SUD.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Serotonin ; drug effects ; physiology ; Serotonin ; physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex ; drug effects ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo detect the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent high-grade squamous dysplasia, and to evaluate possible tumor suppressor genes in the development and progression of invasive malignancy.

METHODSLOH was detected in normal esophageal mucosa, high grade squamous dysplasia and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using microdissection and polymerase chain reaction technology. The changes of LOH at seven microsatellite markers and the relationship between LOH rate and clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed.

RESULTSIn high grade squamous dysplasia, LOH was detected at D13S802 (40%), D13S267 (32%), D13S221 (31%), D9S942 (30%), D17S520 (24%) and D9S171 (33%). However, D17S1798 LOH was not detected. In invasive squamous cell carcinoma, LOH was detected as follows: D13S267 (71%), D13S802 (58%), D17S520 (55%), D13S221 (45%), D9S942 (43%), D9S171 (33%) and D17S1798 (11%). The frequency of LOH in the seven microsatellite markers, the pathologic grade, clinical stage and occurrence of lymph node metastasis did not show any statistically significant correlation (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe progression from normal squamous epithelium to high grade squamous dysplasia and subsequently to invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was associated with accumulation of genetic errors. Possible tumor suppressor genes related to the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma may exist near D13S802 (13q12.12). Possible tumor suppressor genes near D13S267 (13q13.1), D17S1798 (17p13.3) and D17S520 (17p13.1) may be related to the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Female ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genes, p16 ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Precancerous Conditions ; genetics