Animals ; Astrocytes ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Propofol ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; prevention & control

Surgical resection has been accepted as a radical therapy for patients with colorectal cancer, but most of them will develop regional recurrence or distant metastasis. With the development and improvement of novel drugs and methods, they will bring survival hope to patients. In this article, we review the developments in chemotherapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer.

Objective To know the advantages and disadvantages of problem-based learning from students'angle. Methods Interviewed 15 students by PBL scale and face to face interview,to know their ideas about problem-based learning,and then analyzed the results. Results PBL contributed to developing problem-solving skills,self-directed learning,team collaboration and extending professional knowl-edge. But it failed to show positive effect on students'learning motivation. Conclusions PBL has two sides on the outcomes of learning. Implementing PBL appropriately could gain the optimal effects.

While the basic concept of saving life and decreasing disability h as not changed in the management of polytrauma, the timing and strategies of tre atment have been gradually modified. Damage control is one of the new strategies , and its application in orthopedic traumatology is known as damage control orth opedics. Damage control orthopedics involves formalized three stages in the mana gement of fractures of long bones and pelvis. Stage 1 consists of temporary fixa tion of the unstable fractures and hemostasis. Stage 2 comprises resuscitation, warming, oxygen delivery and administration of coagulation factors to the patien t in the intensive care unit. In Stage 3 definitive fixation is done for the fra cture. Indications of damage control orthopedics: for patients with polytrauma w hose conditions are unstable or in extremis the damage control strategy is recom mended. For the borderline patients early total care may be applied, but the sur gery should be performed with great caution. It has to be converted to the damag e control strategy if conditions of the patient deteriorate during the operation . Since damage control orthopedics is an evolving practice, further work is need ed to enhance its effectiveness and to reduce the incidence of ARDS and MOF.

Modern Chinese Orthopaedic traumatology has stemmed from the orthopaed ics of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TMC)and western orthopaedics.On the one hand,with a long history and its unique system of theory and treatment,TMC orthopaedics h as made a great con-tribution to the development of modern Chinese orthopaedic traumatology.On the other hand,the introduction and development of western medicine have dramatically pro moted the development of modern Chinese orthopaedic traumatology.Modern Chinese surgeons of orthopaedic trauma have accomplished numerous successful f irst cases in the world since 1950s an d have thus expanded their professional influence.At pr esent,the Chinese orthopaedic trau ma community has grown much stronger and established its ow n academic associations and journals.More and more de-partments of orthopaedic traumatology have been successively establis hed as an independent en-tity in large and middle-sized hospi tals in China.So far,the Chinese orthopaedic trauma com-munity,on the whole,has reached the international level,but there are q uite a lot to be improved in the aspect of treatment.To end the backwardness,in the future Chinese orthopaedic trauma community should make great efforts in education of orthopedists on comp rehensive knowledge,establishment of formal profession al training system,national standardization of orthopaedic procedures in clinical diagnosis an d treatment,active membership of re lative international aca-demic associations and increasing p rofessional exchanges with international counterparts,as well as in research and development of operative techniques and fixators.All these will be the main strategies and developmental trends in the future for Chinese orthopaed ic traumatology. [

Objective To observe the influence of preoperative regional chemotherpy on colon cancer cell cycle.Methods30 colorectal cancer patients received intraarterial chemotherapy 10 days before the radical resection.The expression of p16 and Rb protein was examined by immunohistochemistry.Result was compared with the control group.Results Labeling index (LI) of p16 protein was (35?19)% in treatment group, while in control group L1 was (16?8)%,( P

The major surgical managements for tibial plateau fractures are anatomical reduction, firm fixation and bone grafting. There have appeared many new techniques in recent years, such as less invasive stability system (LISS) and arthroscopy assisted treatment. But such complications as loss of reduction, infection, soft tissue lesion around the knee, nonunion, posttraumatic arthritis, and knee stiffness seem to be inevitable. This article introduces the mechanism, treatment and prevention of the complications of the tibial plateau fracture.

Objective To explore the structure of self-developed "The Compliance Scale Among Kidney Transplantation Recipients" in order to provide effective tool to evaluate kidney transplantation recipients' compliance. Methods 886 follow-up kidney transplantation recipients of six organ transplantation centers in Shanghai were surveyed by "The Compliance Scale Among Kidney Transplantation Recipients". Results The exploratory factor analysis yielded a 25-item four-factor model termed medication compliance, life habits compliance, self-monitoring compliance, follow-up compliance. Conclusions The self-developed "The Compliance Scale Among Kidney Transplantation Recipients" could be a useful tool for evaluating compliance among kidney transplantation recipients.

Objective To analyze the difference of prescription dose between ICRU report 83 and Chinese recommendation in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).Methods Eighty-four NPC were treated using IMRT technology from Jan 1,2010 to Apr 1,2012.All dose volume histogram of the 84 IMRT plan were analyzed retrospectively.The target volumes of planning gross tumor volume of nasopharynx (PGTVnx) or planning clinical target volume and high risk lymphatic drainage (PCTV1) and doses of D100,D98,D95,D50,D2 and D0 were recorded.The mean,standard error,medial,range,coefficient of variation (CV) of PGTVnx,PCTV1,and D100,D98,D95,D50,D2and D0 were calculated,respectively.The homogeneity index (HI) and deviation between D95 and D50 of PGTVnx and PCTV1 were calculated,respectively.The differentiation of grouping results were analyzed with grouped t-test method.Results The HI of PGTVnx and PCTV1 were 0.118 ± 0.045 and 0.272 ± 0.037,respectively.It is the bigger target volume,the worse HI;and the advanced T stage,the worse HI.Either PGTVnx or PCTV1,D95 were less than D50.The average deviation was-5.15％ and-10.97％,and the actual difference value was (382± 180) cGy (P=0.000) and (741± 140) cGy (P=0.000).Conclusions D550,which is the recommendation prescription dose of PTV in ICRU report 83,could evaluate accurately the IMRT plan with combining D98 and D2· When D50 is used to instand of D95,the prescription dose of PGTVnx and PCTV1 should increase 5％ and 11％,respectively.

Objective To study the accuracy of SentinelTM system for patient setup using rigid-body phantom.Methods A 002LFC IMRT phantom was placed on Elekta HexaPODTM 6-degree couch using tattoo and the laser in the treatment room.When a well-know shift (3 directions) and rotation (3 positions) was moved,CBCT and SentinelTM system were scanned respectively,and the measuring errors of six dimensions were recorded.The absolute differences between applied and measured errors were compared and paired t-test.Results Total 15 well-know shifts were investigated.The SentinelTM system was very good stability and the largest absolute difference only 0.9 mm (z direction) and 0.2° (arbitrary direction).At the same time,a good conformance between SentinelTM system and CBCT was displayed because the largest absolute difference between applied and measuring error was less than 0.9 mm (z direction) and 0.2° (arbitrary direction).Conclusions SentinelTM system is fast,simple,non-invasive and seems to be reliable in detecting patient setup errors.It maybe hold potential to ensure precise patient positioning with reduced CBCT frequency in tumor locations with fixed relation to surface structures.