Objective To observe the effect of low arsenic sub-chronic exposure on blood routine test index in rabbits to pave a way for screening early injury of the low arsenic exposure. Methods Twelve healthy male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. They were administrated with As at the concentration of 0(control), 10, 50 and 250 μg/L in the drinking water. Blood samples were collected from the vein of the ear edge in 8 weeks, and blood test routine including leukocyte (WBC), lymphocyte (LYM), lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), neutrophil (GRA), neutrophil percentage (GRA%), monocyte (MON), monocyte percentage (MON%), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), RDW, platelets(PLT), mean platelet volume(MPV), platelet hematocrit(PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW), were detected by the ABX-60 hemocyte analyzer. Results Compared with the control group, the WBC, GRA and GRA% increased in 0, 50 and 250 μg/L groups, but there was no significance(P > 0.05). PLT and MPV had a statistical significance in 4 groups(F = 4.07,4.20, all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group[(292.00±16.97)×109/L, (7.10±0.99)fL], PLT decreased in the 250 μg/L group [(221.33±22.50)×109/L] and MPV decreased in the 50μg/L group [(5.57±0.46)fL] significantly (P < 0.05). The other index didn't change obviously. Conclusions Sub-chronic low level arsenic exposure may lead to the change in the blood system. The blood routine test may be considered for early injury of the arsenic poisoning.

Objective To explore the feasibility of iodized Nang(bread) prepared with iodized salt and non-iodized rock salt as vehicle of iodine. Methods Two kinds of Nang, each of 10 respectively, were grilled with 30 g iodized salt water and non-iodized rock salt water mixed with 2 kg flour by the local cooker, then put inside of Nang oven using traditional methods of grilled Nang in Xinjiang. The samples were collected from different parts of Nang, including the layers facing oven wall and the fire, as well as inside of Nang. The method for determination of iodine in foodstuff by dry ashing As ~Ⅲ-Ce~(4+) catalytic spectrephotometry was used to determine iodine concentration in Nang. Results Iodine content in iodized and non-iodized Nang was (0.654 ± 0.076)mg/kg and (0.075 ± 0.022)mg/kg, respectively. In addition, Iodine content in two kinds of Nang was significantly different and iodine content of Nang with iodized salt was much higher than that with non-iodized rock salt(t = 13.520, P <0.01 ). Iodine content in two kinds of Nang from the layers facing oven wall and the fire, as well as inside of Nang were (0.700 ± 0.100), (0.064 ± 0.029)mg/kg; (0.647 ± 0.076), (0.070 ± 0.019)mg/kg; (0.659 ± 0.073), (0.073 ±0.030)mg/kg, respectively. Iodine content in two kinds of Nang of the same parts was significantly different(t =3.826,4.201,4.103, all P < 0.01 ). There was no significant difference of iodine content in different parts of the same kind of Nang(F = 0.220,0.190, all P > 0.05). Conclusions Grilled Nang with iodized salt contains sufficient iodine, and the iodine content of the same kind of Nang in different parts has no significant difference. Our studydemonstrated that Nang is a vehicle available for iodine fortification since Nang is very popular food for local population in Xinjiang.

To study the influence of IFN-alpha on function of CML-DC cultured in vitro and expression of chemokine and its chemokine receptor, bone marrow mononuclear cells from 13 CML patients were cultured in the fetal calf serum culture system supplemented with rhSCF, rhFlt-3L for expansion system, and adding rhGM-CSF, rhTNF-alpha, rhIL-4, with or without rhIFN-alpha to induce DCs. After incubation for two weeks, the phenotypes of CML-DC were analyzed by direct immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The concentration of MIP-3beta expressed by CML-DC in the supernatant were analyzed by ELISA. The proliferative ability of T cells from healthy volunteers stimulated by CML-DCs were measured by MTT assay. The results showed that expression of CD86, CD83, CD40, MHC-I class molecules, CCR7, the concentration of MIP-3beta expressed by CML-DC, and the proliferative ability of T cells stimulated by CML-DCs in IFN-alpha group were all significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.01). It is concluded that the immunophenotype of CML-DCs can be partially changed by IFN-alpha to accelerate the maturation of CML-DCs, enhance the capacity of CML-DCs, and stimulate allogeneic T lymphocyte proliferation.
Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; B7-2 Antigen ; analysis ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; CD40 Antigens ; analysis ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokines ; biosynthesis ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; analysis ; Interferon-alpha ; pharmacology ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; blood ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; analysis ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Chemokine ; biosynthesis

By using the cell density, cell viability, size distribution of cell aggregates,specific consumption rate of glucose (q_ glc ), specific production rate of lactate (q_ lac ), lactate transform rate (Y_ lac/glc ) and amino acids utilization as the evaluation indexes, the growth and metabolism of HEK293 cells under carrier-free immobilization culture mode were examined and compared with those of HEK293 cells cultured in static tissue flasks. It was found that HEK293 cells grown as suspended cell aggregates in spinner flasks maintained the basic growth and metabolism characteristics of HEK293 cells in stationary anchored culture, and HEK293 cells under carrier-free immobilization culture mode as suspended aggregates in stirred bioreactor facilitate perfusion performance and increase unit productivity. Cultivation of HEK293 cells in carrier-free immobilization culture mode has potential for further improving mammalian cells culture technique.

The study was aimed to investigate the extensive amplification and the cytotoxicity of dendritic cells (DC) derived from chronic myeloid leukemia cells. DC were cultured in two steps: firstly, extensive amplification in primary culture of CD34(+) or mononuclear cells isolated from CML patients' bone marrow and peripheral blood with rhFlt3-L and rhTPO for 7 days; secondly, inducing culture of DC with rhGM-CSF, rhTNF and rhIL-4 for 14 days. A system inducing DC directly were established for comparison. DC were identified by immunophenotype with flow cytometry, chromosome analysis by displaying G banding and electric microscopy analysis. The function of stimulating T cells proliferation and cytotoxicity of CML cells were confirmed through MTT assay. The results showed that after first extensive amplification in primary culture with rhFlt3-L and rhTPO for 7 days, CD34(+) cells had a total cell number with (77 +/- 5) fold expansion, and DC were (39 +/- 8)% of total cell respectively after induction culture of DC with rhGM-CSF, rhTNF and rhIL-4 for 14 days. Both the amplification of cell number and yield of DC were higher than the system without extensively culture (P < 0.01). Such DC could stimulate T cells to proliferate and kill leukemia cells finally. In conclusion, two-step culture method can obviously improve the cell number of DC required, that is better than inducing them directly. DC derived from CML cells induce the generation of anti-leukemia immunization.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; immunology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology

By using the size distribution of cell aggregates, viable cell density, cell viability, specific consumption rate of glucose (q(glc)), specific production rate of lactate (q(lac)) and lactate transform rate (Y(lac/glc)) as the evaluation indexes, the effects of hydrodynamic on aggregates formation, growth and metabolism of HEK293 cells in suspension culture were examined in 250mL spinner-flasks by setting the agitation rates at 25, 50, 75 and 100r/min, respectively. It was found that agitation plays an important role in HEK293 cell aggregates formation and cell aggregates size distribution. After 7d cultivation in spinner-flasks operated at 50r/min and 75r/min, the average diameter of HEK293 cell aggregates was 201 microm and 175 microm, respectively, with the fraction of aggregates larger than 225 microm less than 10%. The cell viability was kept above 90% with the metabolic indexes, including q(glc), q(lac) and Y(lac/glc) kept constant. These results demonstrated that hydrodynamic derived from the proper agitation play a decisive role in controlling the formation and size distribution of HEK293 cell aggregates, and provided sufficient mass transfer to support the normal growth and metabolism of HEK293 cells in suspended aggregates.
Bioreactors ; Cell Aggregation ; Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Kinetics

The study was aimed to investigate the influence of interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) on the expressions of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) in dendritic cells (DCs) from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In addition to adding stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 4 (IL-4), the IFN-alpha was added to the serum-free medium for DCs. After culturing for 10 - 14 days, cell phenotype and percentage of Ph(1) chromosome were detected by different methods. The expression of Fas or FasL on CML-DCs and cell cycle of DCs labeled with propidium iodine (PI) were measured by flow cytometry. The concentration of sFas in supernatants was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results indicated that the expression of co-stimulatory molecules were improved significantly while the percentages of Ph(1) positive cells decreased. The level of Fas on cells was up-regulated and the concentration of sFas decreased. However, the expression of FasL was negative. The ratio of apoptosis rose gradually while the concentration of IFN-alpha increased. It is concluded that IFN-alpha can accelerate the apoptosis of Ph(1) positive cells through Fas/FasL pathway, so the number of Ph(1) negative cells increases relatively.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Culture Media ; pharmacology ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Fas Ligand Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; pharmacology ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Young Adult ; fas Receptor ; genetics ; metabolism

This study was aimed to investigate the influences of interferonalpha (IFN-alpha) on expressions of CCR7, interleukin10 (IL-10) and IL-12p70 in dendritic cells (DCs) from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In addition to stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-4, IFN-alpha was added to the serum-free medium of DCs. After culture for 10-14 days, phenotypes and function of CML-DCs were evaluated respectively by flow cytometry and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Chromosome of DCs was analyzed by displaying G banding assay. The concentrations of IL-10 and IL-12P70 in supernatants were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the expressions of CD40, CD83, CD86 and CCR7 and the OD value in allogeneic mixed-lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in group with IFN-alpha (300 U/ml) were twice as high as those in group without IFN-alpha. The percentage of Ph1 positive cells and concentrations of IL-10 and IL-12 P70 were reduced in group with IFN-alpha. It is concluded that the defective phenotypes and functions of CML-DCs can be recruited partly by IFN-alpha. The mechanism may lie in the facts that expression of CCR7 and co-stimulatory molecules is promoted and the inhibitory effect of IL-10 on CML-DCs is relieved partly through the regulation of IFN-alpha.
Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; genetics ; immunology ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; drug effects ; Receptors, CCR7 ; genetics ; metabolism

[Objective]To ascertain characteristics of sexual partner network and high-risk sex behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) , providing references for intervention of high risk behavior in MSM. [Methods] Face-to-face questionnaire interview was conducted among MSM recruited by voluntary counseling and testing clinics, peer mobilization, internet mobilization, outreach intervention, and so on.Descriptive statistics, χ2test, logistic regression analysis were applied for statistical analysis. [Results]A total of 334 MSM was investigated. Over the past 6 months, proportion of female partners, fixed male partners, multiple male partners, occasional and business male partners was 37.13％, 43.11％, 52.69％, 56.29％, and 4.19％ respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that respondents who were married, less educated, non-Shanghai domicile, and non-homosexual had more female partners in proportion, those with high income and homosexuality had more fixed male partners in proportion, and those who were married, non-Shanghai domicile had more multiple or occasional male partners in proportion. In the past 6 months, MSM who had unprotected sexual behaviors with female partners, fixed male partners, multiple or occasional male partners accounted for 75.21％, 65.97％, 59.66％, and 48.40％respectively. And analysis showed that respondents had more high-risk sexual behaviors with multiple male partners with their age increasing. [Conclusion] Sexual partner network of MSM is complex. MSM has a variety of sexual partners. Multiple sexual partners and unprotected sexual behaviors exist extensively among MSM. Related factor of sexual behaviors with multiple sexual partners is age.

OBJECTIVETo study the biological function of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and the role of donor inhibitory KIR and recipient genetic background in HLA matched unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

METHODSHLA genotype of 51 patients (ALL 18 cases, CML 15 cases, AML 10 cases and others 8 cases) and their respective matched unrelated donors from Database of China Marrow Registration was determined by polymerase chain reaction sequence oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). The KIR genotype was determined by PCR-SSP.

RESULTSAll the patients and the donors expressed KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2/L3, KIR2DL4, KIR3DL2 and KIR3DL3. 96.7% individuals expressed KIR3DL1. Among them, 21.57% of KIR was completely identical, while 78.43% was not. Of the non-identical KIRs, 25.49% were the recipient's KIR genotype containing the donor's ones, and 27.45% was the donor's containing the recipient's. 74.62% of donor's KIR2DL1 lacked recipient's C2 ligand, 5.91% of donor's KIR2DL2/L3 lacked recipient's C1 ligand, 19.74% of donor's KIR3DL1 lacked recipient's Bw4 ligand and 54.91% of donor's KIR3DL2 lacked recipient's A3, A11 ligand.

CONCLUSIONKIR genotype and HLA class I antigen are inherited independently. KIR2DLI and KIR3DL2 of donors may cause alloreactivity of NK cell. The mismatch of KIR/HLA in donor-recipient plays a very important role in matched unrelated allo-HSCT. The outcome of HSCT can be better predicted by the model of the presence of KIRs on the donor' sNK cells and the absence of corresponding KIR ligand in the recipient's HLA.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; HLA Antigens ; genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Infant ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Male ; Receptors, KIR ; genetics ; Transplantation, Homologous