AIM: To observe the changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness ( SFCT ) after intravitreal injections of ranibizumab ( IVR ) for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion ( RVO) .
METHODS:Thirty-six eyes of 36 patients with macular edema secondary to RVO) were treated with 0. 5mg IVR monthly for 3mo and received additional IVR as needed over the following 1a period. SFCT of the all eyes ( the affected eyes with RVO and unaffected fellow eyes ) was measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography images before and after the IVR.
RESULTS: The mean SFCT of the affected eyes with RVO decreased from 246. 7±115. 0μm at baseline to 220. 5±102.0μm at 1mo (P<0.05), 198.3± 114.0μm at 6mo (P<0.01), 212. 6± 96. 0μm at 12mo (P<0. 01). Whereas the fellow eyes changed from 229. 4±108. 0μm at baseline to 226. 3±107. 0μm at 1mo (P>0. 05), 228. 6±127. 0μm at 6mo (P>0.05), 223.6±101.0μm at 12mo(P>0.05). There were statistically significant difference between affected eyes with RVO and unaffected fellow eyes.
CONCLUSION: The SFCT is decreased after IVR for macular edema secondary to RVO. IVR seems to affect the hemorheology of the choroid.

AIMTo investigate the properties of cationic nanoparticles composed of poly (ethyleneimine)-g-poly (methyl methacrylate) (PEI-PMMA) as gene delivery carriers and explore the mechanism of PEI-PMMA nanoparticles mediated gene transfer.

METHODSPEI-PMMA nanoparticles were synthesized by free radical polymerization. The morphology of nanoparticles was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The particle size and zeta potential were measured by zeta sizer. The complex between pGL3 plasmid and nanoparticles was analyzed by gel electrophoresis; and PEI-PMMA nanoparticles mediated gene transfer into HeLa cells was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.

RESULTSPEI-PMMA nanoparticles are spherical shape and monodispersity. The particle size and zeta potential are 172 nm and +50.3 mV, respectively. When pGL3 plasmid complexed with nanoparticles at N/P ratio of 5: 1 and 20: 1, the particle size of pGL3/nanoparticle complex are 133 and 139 nm and zeta potential is + 21.4 and + 33.7 mV, respectively. pGL3 plasmid complexed with nanoparticles completely at N/P ratio of 5: 1. PEI-PMMA nanoparticles can deliver pGL3 plasmid into HeLa cells by endocytosis and release pGL3 into the cytosol.

CONCLUSIONPEI-PMMA nanoparticles effectively transferred DNA to target cells and it is a promising non-viral carrier for gene delivery.

DNA ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Endocytosis ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; HeLa Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Imines ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Plasmids ; Polyethylenes ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Transfection

Content of osteocyte in bone tissue is the most abundant, the most widely distributed, and embedding the cells in the mineralized bone matrix, the life can be close to the life of the body. Osteocyte formed by the cytoplasm dendritic communication network system between osteocyte and bone surface, is of great significance to maintaining the normal physiological function of bone tissue. Bone cells as the direct receptor of bone mechanical stress, through the release of bioactive factors such as PEG2, NO, ATP and classic Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway mechanical stress signal can be converted to bone formation and bone resorption of biochemical signals, and the biochemical signals were transfer to the other type cells of the tissue to regulate its function activities and cause bone reconstruction function. The microcracks surrounding osteocyte can disrupt the microtubule network system,cause surrounding osteocyte autophagy. In addition, osteocyte is very important for regulation of the body mineral balance, fat metabolism, and hematopoietic function.
Animals ; Autophagy ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Minerals ; metabolism ; Osteocytes ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Mechanical

Objective To study the normal values of blood pressure in healthy full-term infants in the first 7 days of life,and to determine the critical hypertension and hypotension in newborn infants.Methods Omni-Trak~(TM)NVS monitor with DINAMAP was used to measure the blood pressure.Systolic,diastolic and mean blood pressure were measured every day by DLNAMAP in a cohort of 50 healthy full-term infants in the first 7 days of life.Results 1.Systolic,diastolic and mean blood pressure of healthy full-term infants were significantly influenced with the age of birth.2.Stepwise linear multiple regressions was used to examine the multiple correlations among days of life,birth weight and gestational age.3.Optimal regression equations were built respectively.SBP=32.4+0.7X_1+(3.7X_2+)(0.6)X_3(mm Hg).DBP=13.1+ 0.6X_1+2.9X_2+0.6X_3(mm Hg).MAP=17.3+0.4X_1+2.4X_2+0.8X_3(mm Hg).(3.MAP=)(DBP+)(0.45)(SBP-DBP)(mm Hg).4.The critical hypertension and hypotension in newborn infants were obtained.Conclusions (Du)ring the first 7 days of life,there is a progressive rise in blood pressure of healthy full-term infants.There are linear reliance correlations between systolic,diastolic,mean blood pressure and day of life,birth weight gestational age.The critical hypertension and hypotension in newborn infants is important for clinic diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the phenotypes and genotypes of a hereditary protein C(PC) deficiency pedigree.Methods Imrnunoassay(ELISA)was used for PC antigen and PS antigen; Immunoturbidimetry assay was used for measuring AT antigen;Chromogenic substrate assay was used for measuring the activity of PC,PS and AT in Sysmex 1500 automatic Blood Coagulation Analyzer.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)for amplification of the fragment of each exon and side sequences of PC gene in 10 members of the 3 generations;Direct DNA sequencing was used to examine the mutation site.Results Among 10 members of the 3 generation pedigree,8 of them had a PC:Ag level of 1.06-1.92 mg/L(normal references 3.00-6.00 rag/L),the activity of PC was between 41% and 67%(normal references 70%- 140%),which was significantly lower than the normal references while the levels of PS:Ag,PS:A,AT:Ag and AT:A were all within normal range.DNA sequencing analysis showed that there was a G to T mutation in exon IX of the PC gene at 12 918 position in 8 members.This mutation resulted in the substitution of terminator TGA for TGG which encoding tryptophan at 372 amino acid.There was a polymorphism in 2 405C/ T,2 418A/G,2 583A/T in the promotor area.Conclusions This pedigree is a type I hereditary protein C deficiency.There is a G12 918T mutation in exon IX of PC gene.This mutation is reported for the first time and there is a polymorphism in 2 405C/T,2 418A/G,2 583A/T in the promotor area.

In this paper, the content of moisture, ethanol-soluble extractives, total saponins and polysaccharide of different tuber samples of Hemsleya zhejiangensis, from different localities, years and seasons, were detected based upon Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 version. The samples of roots, stems and leaves in summer were detected as well. The results are mainly as follows. (1)With tuber quality increasing, the content of total saponins increased and then decreased. The individual quality of tubers getting 594.06 g, the content of total saponins reached the peak. (2) The content of active ingredients in different localities was significantly different, and the population of Wuyanling had the maximum content of total saponins and polysaccharide. (3) The content of active ingredients revealed stability between the years 2012 and 2013, but the content of polysaccharide was significantly different. The content in 2012 was higher than that of 2013. (4) The content of active ingredients reached the peak in autumn, which was the best harvest season. (5) Among different component content detection of nutritional organs, tubers had the maximum content of ethanol-soluble extractives, total saponins and polysaccharide. Leaves also contained higher content of ethanol-soluble extractives and total saponins than roots and stems. All of these provide theoretical basis for plant, harvest and production of H. zhejiangensis, which is an endemic, rare, and endangered medicinal plants.
China ; Cucurbitaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Tubers ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the potential protective effect of melatonin on the oxidative damage induced by deltamethrin in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of rats.

METHODS35 male wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups(seven rats per group): olive oil control, deltamethrin-treated (12.5 mg/kg), melatonin(25.0 mg/kg) and deltamethrin plus melatonin (25.0 mg/kg , 2.5 mg/kg respectively) group. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH) in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum were determined after 5 days of DM treatments.

RESULTSMDA content in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum tissue of the DM-treated rats were significantly higher than those in control group, and compared with DM-treated group, MDA content in those tissue of MT + DM-treated group have significantly decreased after 5 days of DM exposure (P < 0.05). Activities of GSH-Px in DM-treated group were significantly lower than those in control group, and those in the MT + DM group were significantly higher than DM group(P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDM can induce the oxidative damage in rat brain and melatonin has protective effects on deltamethrin-induced oxidative damage in hippocampus, cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rats.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cerebellum ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; Nitriles ; toxicity ; Oxidative Stress ; Pyrethrins ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEObserving the dynamic change characteristics of serum liver function indexes in occupational dermatitis medicamentosa-like of trichloroethylene patients with liver damage, we can underlie for guiding therapy, prognosis and mechanism of dermatitis medicamentosa-like of trichloroethylene patients with liver damage.

METHODSWe collected serum of 10 cases of occupational dermatitis medicamentosa-like of trichloro-ethylene patients with liver damage from different time points since they were hospitalized, using automatic biochemistry analyzer to detect total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin/globulin ratio etc 11 liver function biochemical indicators. We used Excel to establish database, professional drawing software gnuplot to draw dynamic variation diagram of each index.

RESULTSThe variation range of 11 liver function indexes of 10 cases was TP 43.2-74.2 g/L, ALB 24.6-44.6 g/L, A/G 0.77-2.10, TBIL 3.7-268.2 umol/L, DBIL 1.0-166.0 umol/L, IBIL 2.4 -167.5 umol/L, ALT 11-5985 U/L, AST 14-5586 U/L, GGT 15-1500 U/L, ALP 35-309 U/L, S/L 0.07-1.94, respectively. TBIL, DBIL, ALT, AST, GGT, ALP concentration significantly increased, especially ALT, AST, GGT, ALT topped 5985 U/L, AST topped 5586 U/L, GGT topped 1500 U/L. But TP, ALB and S/L significantly decreased, TP lowest to 43.2 g/L, S/L lowest to 0.07. A/G basically remained unchanged, but IBIL didn't change regularly.

CONCLUSIONThe early liver damage in dermatitis medicamentosa-like of trichloroethylene patients was serious, and repeatedly attacked, so we should lead to enough attention to the clinical work and prevention. This also provided the basis for studying the mechanism of trichloroethylene poisoning.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; blood ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Trichloroethylene ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role and significance of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway regulating GSK-3beta, STAT3, Smad3 and TERT in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSThe HCC cell line HepG2 was transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against beta-catenin. Proteins were extracted and the expressions of beta-catenin, GSK-3beta, p-GSK-3beta, STAT3, Smad3 and TERT were detected by Western blot at 72 h and 96 h respectively after transfection.

RESULTSbeta-catenin expression was inhibited at both time points and the expression at 96 h was higher than that at 72 h (t = 4.43, P < 0.05). Interestingly, GSK-3beta and p-GSK-3beta expressions increased gradually at 72 and 96 h (tGSK-3beta= 4.98, tp-GSK-3beta= 29.83, P < 0.05) respectively, and STAT3 expression showed no alteration after transfection (F = 0.49, P > 0.05). Smad3 expression was increased at 72 h (t = 10.67, P < 0.05) and decreased to normal at 96 h (t = 1.26, P < 0.05), while TERT expression decreased at 72 h (t = 4.18, P is less than 0.05) and increased to normal at 96 h (t = 1.26, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSWnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway is related to the expressions of GSK-3beta, Smad3 and TERT, but perhaps not related to STAT3 protein expression in HCC. It suggested that Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway might participate in HCC genesis and development through regulating the above three factors.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Signal Transduction ; Wnt Proteins ; metabolism ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo establish a precise three-dimensional model of membranous labyrinth for further morphologic investigation and physiological research.

METHODSComplete series of serial unstained celloidin sections of a fresh human temporal bone were taken photos by high-pixel digital camera. The images were then processed with the technique of photo stitch and employed to reconstruct the three-dimensional model of the membranous labyrinth using the method of surface rendering.

RESULTSIn 3D-Doctor software, the model was displayed by different methods. The model was also exported to VRML format and their virtual visualization was realized through the software of Cortona virtual reality modeling language viewer.

CONCLUSIONSPrecise modeling of membranous labyrinth could be realized by advanced imaging technique. With the advanced virtual reality software and equipment, the virtual visualization of membranous labyrinth could be realized, which would benefit the morphologic investigation and education.

Computer Simulation ; Ear, Inner ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Models, Anatomic ; Software