Objective To evaluate the effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive function in the rats undergoing propofol anesthesia.Methods Sixty healthy male Sprague Dawley rats,aged 14-18 weeks,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),propofol anesthesia group (group P),and sleep deprivation + propofol anesthesia group (group SDP).Propofol was given as a bolus of 15 mg/kg followed by an infusion of 40 mg · kg-1 · h-1 for 2 h in group P.After the rats were subjected to rapid eye movement sleep deprivation for 24 h,the rats received propofol anesthesia in group SDP.Before sleep deprivation,after sleep deprivation,and at 1,3 and 7 days after anesthesia,Morris water maze test was used to assess the learning and memory function,and the escape latency and frequency of crossing the original platform were recorded.Ten rats randomly selected from each group at 1 and 7 days after anesthesia were sacrificed,and brains were removed to observe the morphology of nerve cells in the hippocampal CA1 region (by Nissl's staining) and to detect the expression of phosphorylated Tau at Thr231 (Tau-pThr231) in the hippocampal CA1 region (by immunohistochemisty).Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased,the expression of Tau-pThr231 in the hippocampal CA1 region was up-regulated at 1 day after anesthesia in P and SDP groups (P＜0.05),especially in group SDP (P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference between the groups at the other time points (P＞0.05).The pathological changes were aggravated at 1 day after anesthesia in group SDP compared with group P,and there was no significant difference at 3 and 7 days after anesthesia between group SDP and group P.Conclusion Sleep deprivation can aggravate the transient cognitive dysfunction after propofol anesthesia,and the mechanism is related to promotion of Tau phosphorylation in the rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia in diabetic pregnant rats on the cognitive function of the offspring rats. Methods Forty female Sprague?Dawley rats and 5 male rats, weighing 200-250 g, were used in the study. Twenty pregnant rats at 7 weeks of gestation were randomly selected, and diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin 45 mg∕kg and confirmed by blood glucose level>10.4 mmol∕L. Twenty pregnant rats at 20 days of gestation, in which diabetes mellitus was not induced, were selected and divided into 2 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table:sevoflurane group (group S) and control group (group C). Twenty pregnant rats at 20 days of gestation with diabetes mellitus were selected and divided into 2 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table:sevoflurane group (group DS) and control group ( group DC). In DS and S groups, the pregnant rats were placed in a self?made anesthetic box and inhaled 2% sevoflurane for 2 h. At 6 weeks after birth, the offspring rats were selected, and Morris water maze test was performed. The rats were sacrificed, brains were removed, and the hippocampi and cortex were removed for determination of phosphorylated cyclic a?denosine monophosphate response element?binding protein ( p?CREB) expression using immuno?histochem?istry. Results Compared with group C, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, and the frequency of crossing the original platform was significantly decreased in S and DC groups ( P<0.05) . Compared with group DC, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, and the frequency of crossing the original plat?form was significantly decreased in group DS (P<0.01). Compared with group S, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the frequency of crossing the original platform was significantly decreased ( P<0.05) , and lighter staining for p?CREB was found, and the number of p?CREB positive cells was decreased in the hippocampus and cortex in group DS. Conclusion Sevoflurane anesthesia?induced cognitive dys?function is aggravated in the offspring rats of diabetic pregnant rats, and the mechanism is related to inhibi?tion of CREB phosphorylation.

Objective To investigate the β-tubulin Ⅲexpression in locally advanced cervical cancers and its significance in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy of cervical cancer .Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of β-tubulin Ⅲin tissue samples from 62 cases of locally advanced cervical cancer patients .Groups paclitaxel +cisplatin/carboplatin (TP) (34 pa-tients) underwent two cycles of TP chemotherapy ,while group 5-fluorouracil+cisplatin(PF) (28 patients) underwent two cycles of PF chemotherapy .Comprehensive analysis of β-tubulinⅢexpressions of TP and PF neoadjuvant chemotherapies revealed the efficien -cy and operation rate .Results The positive rate ofβ-tubulin Ⅲ was 62.90% in locally advanced cervical cancer .β-tubulin Ⅲ ex-pression was not correlated with clinicopathological features in locally advanced cervical cancer ( P >0.05 ) .β-tubulinⅢexpression was correlated with efficiency and operation rate with TP chemotherapy but not with PF chemotherapy .Conclusions In the neoadju-vant chemotherapy of locally advanced cervical cancers ,β-tubulinⅢexpression can be used as an important index to predict the effec-tive rate of combined chemotherapy containing paclitaxel and guide the patients to individual chemotherapy .

Objective To investigate the association of ERCC1 and BRCA1 gene expression with clinical features and sensitivity to platinum-containing chemotherapy in patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma. Methods Primary ovarian epithelial carcinoma tissues were harvested from 48 patients receiving staging surgery or cytoreductive surgery. Expression of ERCC1 and BRCA1 in the tumor samples was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results ERCC1 expression was correlated with clinical stage(P﹤0. 05)but not with age,pathological type or degree of differentiation(P﹥0. 05). BRCA1 expression was not correlated with any of the clinicopathological features(P﹥0. 05);ERCC1 expression was significantly higher in drug-resistant tissues than in drug-sensitive samples(P﹤0. 05);The expression of ERCC1 and BRCA1 was positive in 89. 58%and 25. 00%of the samples,respectively. Conclusion ERCC1 gene expression is correlated with clinical stage but not with age,pathological type or degree of differentiation. BRCA1 gene expression is not correlated with clinicopathological features. ERCC1 has high positive expression in epithelial ovarian cancer and is correlated with sensitivity of platinum-containing adjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and value of quantitatively assessing left ventricular systolic function in rats with myocardial infarction (MI) by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) based on mathematical morphology algorithm.Methods SD rats model of MI were mede,then MCE were performed before MI and at 1,3 weeks after MI.In vitro study:based on the principle of binary morphology,segmentation of endocardium was acquired using dilation,erosion,closed operations and connected domain object tag-based.The automatic segmentation of endocardial contour was compared with the manual segmentation boundary.In vivo study:the left ventricular area was calculated using the software,and the area variation fraction (AVF),a new index of left ventricular systolic function,were acquired.The correlation between AVF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was analyzed.The value of AVF for diagnosis for left ventricular dysfunction was evaluated by ROC curve.Results ① The cross-correlation coefficient (CCC) and percent error (PE) between automatic contours and manual boundary were more than 0.90 and less than 9％,respectively.② AVF correlated positively with LVEF (r =0.934,P ＜ 0.001).③ ROC analyses showed the area under curves for AVF diagnosing left ventricular dysfunction was 0.834.The best cutoff value was 27.5 ％ for diagnosing left ventricular dysfunction with the sensitivity of 85 ％ and specificity of 60 ％.Conclusions Left ventricular endocardium can be identificated automatically and rapidly by MCE based on mathematical morphology algorithm.AVF can assessed quantitatively left ventricular systolic function in rats with myocardial infarction.

Objective To evaluate the value of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in diagnosing pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH) with common simple congenital heart disease(CHD).Methods 104 patients of CHD approved by operation or intervention were retrospectively analyzed.Both TDI and right cardiac catheterization were performed in all patients,whose were divided into PAH and non-PAH groups according to mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) on diagnostic right cardiac catheterization:60 PAH patients[mPAP ≥25 mmHg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) and pulmonary arterial capillary wedge pressure ≤15 mmHg],44 non-PAH patients (mPAP ＜25 mmHg).The PAH group was divided into mild (25 mmHg≤ mPAP≤35 mmHg),moderate (36 mmHg≤mPAP≤50 mmHg) and severe (mPAP＞50 mmHg) subgroups.The tricuspid annular systolic peak velocity (TS'),early diastolic peak velocity (TE'),late diastolic peak velocity (TA') were measured by TDI and TE'/TA' and Tei index were calculated.The correlation between TDI parameters and the cardiac catheterization findings (sPAP,mPAP and dPAP) were assessed.Results ①TS' and TE' in PAH group were significantly lower than those in non-PAH(P ＜ 0.05),but Tei in PAH group were significantly higher than that in non-PAH (P ＜0.001),however,there were no significant difference in TA' and TE'/TA' between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).②Tei correlated positively with pulmonary arterial pressure (P ＜0.001),TS' was found to be negatively correlated with pulmonary arterial pressure(P ＜0.05),but no correlation between TE',TA',TE'/TA' and pulmonary arterial pressure(P ＞0.05).③ROC analysis showed the area under curves for Tei index and TS' diagnosis for PAH was 0.893 and 0.699,respectively.At the cutoff of Tei＞0.49 and TS'＜16 cm/s for indicating PAH,the sensitivity were 86.67 ％ and 80.00％,respectively and the specificity were 79.55 ％ and 45.45 ％,respectively.④Tei in the moderate and severe PAH were significantly higher than that in mild PAH (P ＜ 0.05),TS' and TE' in severe PAH were significantly lower than those in mild and moderate PAH (P ＜ 0.05),At the cutoff of Tei＞0.55 for indicating moderate or severe PAH,the sensitivity and specificity were 95.24％ and 72.22％.Conclusions Tei index and TS' have high application value in assessing PAH and classification of PAH.Tei＞0.49 indicates PAH,while Tei＞0.55 suggests moderate or severe PAH.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological features in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Yichang city, and put forward effective prevention and control measures. METHOD: Collecting the data of allergic rhinitis in city proper from 2010 to 2013, input the data into the database and used statistical analysis. RESULT: In recent years, the AR patients in this area increased year by year. The spring and the winter were the peak season of onset. The patients was constituted by young men. There was statistically significant difference between the age, the area,and the gender (P < 0.01). The history of allergy and the diseases related to the gender composition had statistical significance difference (P < 0.05). The allergens and the positive degree in gender, age structure had statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Need to conduct the healthy propaganda and education, optimizing the environment, change the bad habits, timely medical treatment, standard treatment.
Allergens ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; epidemiology ; Seasons

BACKGROUND:The knee joint acts as the body’s largest and most complex joint, which is a commonly seen perplex in patients because of synovium and cartilage diseases. Moreover, clinical physicians are often confused on the ultrasonic diagnosis of synovium and cartilage diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To review the ultrasound misdiagnosed cases of knee cartilage and synovial lesions and to summarize the common misconceptions and discrimination methods.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in the ultrasound misdiagnosed cases of knee cartilage and synovial lesions reported from 2002 to 2014, and then the common misconceptions and corresponding identification methods were summarized.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: High-frequency ultrasound is most likely to have six “mistaken ideas” addressing knee cartilage and synovial lesions: (1) cartilage degeneration; (2) synovial calcification; (3) echo intensity from synovial lesions; (4) blood flow in the synovium; (5) synovial effusion; (6) lesions involving intraarticular structures. High-frequency ultrasound runs through dynamical observation and contrast observation of bilateral knee joint lesions, which is a valuable imaging method for diagnosis of cartilage and synovial diseases based on vigilance at the “mistaken ideas” and mastery of the distinguishing ideas and methods.

BACKGROUND:Bone mineral density(BMD) is still regarded as the standard of early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis(OP) at present.But it is found in detection that different sex,age and skeleton location have different OP detection rate,so it is necessary to analyze the difference. OBJECTIVE:To compare the difference of OP detection rate at different skeleton location between males and females with the increase of age. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study taking patients as the subjects. SETTING:Endocrine department of an artillery general hospital of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 147 patients,including 54 males and 93 females, aged from 50 to 78 years old,who were hospitalized in our outpatient clinic from September 2000 to January 2002,were selected and divided into 3 groups according to age,50 to 59 years old group (n=46,13 males and 33 females),60 to 69 years old group (n=66,26 males and 40 females) and 70 to 79 years old group (n=35,15 accordance with the OP diagnostic criteria recommended by WHO[1]. Exclusive criterion: secondary OP patients caused by chronic disease of liver,kidney, heart, and gastrointestinal tract and some endocrine disease such as diabetes,hyperthyroidism and so on. INTERVENTIONS:Every subject filled in the history questionnaire in detail.Height and body mass were measured accurately and body mass index(BMI) was calculated (kg/m2).A new type of Norland Excell plus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) was used to detect BMD(g/cm2) of L2- 4 and proximate femur(neck of femur, Ward's triangle,greater trochanter).The detected values were compared with the normal data of young adults of the same sex and the T value(SD) was obtained. RESULTS:OP in lumber vertebra was predominant in female climacteric(χ 2=10.14,P< 0.01),and the detection rate of OP in lumber vertebra and neck of femur increased with age(χ 2=7.41, P< 0.05).OP in simple neck of femur increased significantly in males after 60 yeas old(χ 2=9.11,P< 0.05). Females were more liable to suffer from OP in simple lumber vertebra and in both lumber vertebra and neck of femur(χ 2=8.04,P< 0.05;χ 2=14.26,P< 0.01).Age had significant negative correlation with BMD in neck of femur,Ward's triangle and great trochanter of females(r=- 0.364,- 0.389, P< 0.01;r=- 0.504,P< 0.001),while BMI was positively correlated with L2- 4,neck of femur and great trochanter significantly(r=0.306,0.329,0.338,P< 0.05). CONCLUSION:Detection rate of OP changes with skeleton detecting location and age.It is very significant to recognize and evaluate these objective phenomena correctly for the diagnosis and treatment of OP.

Objective To study the impact of the off-pump coronary artery bypass compared to the on-pump coronary artery bypass technique on the rate of acute kidney injury.Methods A retrospective analysis of 824 patients accepted coronary artery bypass surgery in FuWai Hospital Surgical ICU from March 2011 to January 2013.Patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical approach,597 patients in on-pump group and 227 patients in off-pump group.Then compared the difference of acute kidney injury incidence in the two groups.Results 92 patients in the on-pump group occurred AKI,the incidence of AKI was 15.4％.32 patients in the off-pump group occurred AKI,the incidence of AKI was 14.1％.Two groups of patients had no statistical difference in the incidence of AKI,x2 =0.222,P =0.638.Based on the preoperative baseline creatinine clearance levels.We defined normal creatinine clearance (SCR ≥ 60 ml/min),mild renal insufficiency (45 ml/min ＜ SCR ＜60 ml/min),moderate renal dysfunction group(31 ml/min ＜ SCR ＜45 ml/min).Decline with the preoperative creatinine clearance rate,the AKI incidence was elevated significantly,P ＜0.05.Patients with moderate renal insufficiency,offpump patients had lower incidence of AKI than those in on-pump group,P ＜ 0.05.The incidence of renal replacement in the two group patients had no statistical differences.Conclusion The incidence of AKI after coronary artery bypass surgery had no statistical differences with or without pump.In the patients with preoperative moderate renal insufficiency,off-pump can reduce the incidence of AKI,but could not change the kidney the incidence of renal replacement treatment.