1.Essentials of pharmacophylogeny: knowledge pedigree, epistemology and paradigm shift.
Da-cheng HAO ; Pei-gen XIAO ; Li-wei LIU ; Yong PENG ; Chun-nian HE
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2015;40(17):3335-3342
Chinese materia medica resource (CMM resource) is the foundation of the development of traditional Chinese medicine. In the study of sustainable utilization of CMM resource, adopting innovative theory and method to find new CMM resource is one of hotspots and always highlighted. Pharmacophylogeny interrogates the phylogenetic relationship of medicinal organisms (especially medicinal plants), as well as the intrinsic correlation of morphological taxonomy, molecular phylogeny, chemical constituents, and therapeutic efficacy (ethnopharmacology and pharmacological activity). This new discipline may have the power to change the way we utilize medicinal plant resources and develop plant-based drugs. Phylogenomics is the crossing of evolutionary biology and genomics, in which genome data are utilized for evolutionary reconstructions. Phylogenomics can be integrated into the flow chart of drug discovery and development, and extends the field of pharmacophylogeny at the omic level, thus the concept of pharmacophylogenomics could be redefined in the context of plant pharmaceutical resources. This contribution gives a brief discourse of knowledge pedigree of pharmacophylogeny, epistemology and paradigm shift, highlighting the theoretical and practical values of pharmacophylogenomics. Many medicinally important tribes and genera, such as Clematis, Pulsatilla, Anemone, Cimicifugeae, Nigella, Delphinieae, Adonideae, Aquilegia, Thalictrum, and Coptis, belong to Ranunculaceae family. Compared to other plant families, Ranunculaceae has the most species that are recorded in China Pharmacopoeia (CP) 2010. However, many Ranunculaceae species, e. g., those that are closely related to CP species, as well as those endemic to China, have not been investigated in depth, and their phylogenetic relationship and potential in medicinal use remain elusive. As such, it is proposed to select Ranunculaceae to exemplify the utility of pharmacophylogenomics and to elaborate the new concept empirically. It is argued that phylogenetic and evolutionary relationship of medicinally important tribes and genera within Ranunculaceae could be elucidated at the genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic levels, from which the intrinsic correlation between medicinal plant genotype and metabolic phenotype, and between genetic diversity and chemodivesity of closely related taxa, could be revealed. This proof-of-concept study regards pharmacophylogenomics as the updated version of pharmacophylogeny and would enrich the intension and spread the extension of pharmacophylogeny. The interdisciplinary knowledge and techniques will be integrated in the proposed study to promote development of CMM resource discipline and to boost sustainable development of Chinese medicinal plant resources.
China
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal
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chemistry
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pharmacology
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Knowledge
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Medicine, Chinese Traditional
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Phylogeny
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Plants, Medicinal
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chemistry
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classification
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genetics
2.Pharmaphylogeny vs. pharmacophylogenomics: molecular phylogeny, evolution and drug discovery.
Da-cheng HAO ; Pei-gen XIAO ; Ming LIU ; Yong PENG ; Chun-nian HE
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2014;49(10):1387-1394
With the surge of high-throughput sequencing technology, it is becoming popular to perform the phylogenetic study based on genomic data. A bundle of new terms is emerging, such as phylogenomics, pharmacophylogenomics and phylotranscriptomics, which are somewhat overlapping with pharmaphylogeny. Phylogenomics is the crossing of evolutionary biology and genomics, in which genome data are utilized for evolutionary reconstructions. Pharmaphylogeny, advocated by Prof. Pei-gen Xiao since 1980s, focuses on the phylogenetic relationship of medicinal plants and is thus nurtured by molecular phylogeny, chemotaxonomy and bioactivity studies. Phylogenomics can be integrated into the flow chart of drug discovery and development, and extend the field of pharmaphylogeny at the omic level, thus the concept of pharmacophylogenomics could be redefined. This review gives a brief analysis of the association and the distinguished feature of the pharmaphylogeny related terms, in the context of plant-based drug discovery and sustainable utilization of pharmaceutical resource.
Drug Discovery
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Pharmacogenetics
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Phylogeny
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Plants, Medicinal
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chemistry
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genetics
3.Clinical observation on distinctive water-medicine cup therapy for treatment of cervical spondylopathy of cervical type.
Jian-Ping LI ; Hui ZHANG ; Jun CAI ; Xia-Man GAN ; Fang-Ling FAN ; Pei-Da HE
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2007;27(11):804-806
OBJECTIVETo use distinctive water-medicine cup therapy for treatment of cervical spondylopathy of cervical type as a sample to provide a more effective cupping method for clinic.
METHODSOne hundred and forty cases were randomly divided into a medicine cup group (n = 47), a water cup group (n = 47) and a empty cup group (n = 46). The medicine cup group were treated by cupping therapy with a self-made medicine cup with 45 degrees C Chinese herb solution; the water cup group were treated with a cup with 45 degrees C water, and the empty cup group with a cup with nothing. Clinical symptoms and signs were observed for comparison of therapeutic effects.
RESULTSClinically cured was 39 cases, and markedly effective was 8 cases in the medicine cup group; 20 cases were clinically cured, 22 cases were markedly effective and 5 cases were effective in the water cup group; 12 cases were clinically cured, 19 cases were markedly effective and 15 cases were effective in the empty cup group. There were significant differences in the ratio of cases of different therapeutic effects and the difference of pain score before and after treatment between the medicine cup group and the water cup group (P < 0.05), between the water cup group and the empty cup group (P < 0.05), and between the medicine cup group and the empty cup group (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of the distinctive medicine cup is better than the water cup group, and the water cup group is better than the empty cup group.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Osteophytosis ; therapy
4.Clinical study on moxibustion for treatment of abnormal blood lipids.
Jian-Ping LI ; Yong-Nian YAO ; Pei-Da HE ; Xia-Man GAN ; Fang-Ling FAN
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2005;25(11):825-827
OBJECTIVETo observe clinical therapeutic effect of moxibustion on abnormal blood lipids.
METHODSThe patients who did not take the medicine for regulating blood lipids and had still abnormal blood lipids after diet therapy for 3 months, were divided into 4 groups according to different types of abnormal blood lipids. Forty cases selected in each group were again divided randomly into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group were treated with moxibustion at Shousanli (LI 10), Zusanli (ST 36) and Shenque (CV 3) on the basis of diet therapy, and the control group only with the diet therapy. Their therapeutic effects were observed and compared after treatment of 90 days.
RESULTSThere were significant differences between the treatment group and the control group in various groups of different types of abnormal blood lipids (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONMoxibustion at Shousanli (LI 10), Zusanli (ST 36) and Shenque (CV 3) has a better therapeutic effect on abnormal blood lipids.
Acupuncture Points ; Biomedical Research ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Moxibustion
5.Diffusion tensor imaging of the white matter tracts in preoperative patients with cerebral neoplasm.
Yi-zhuo LI ; Zi-lin HUANG ; Da-nian WEI ; Chuan-miao XIE ; Hao-qiang HE ; Yi-fei WEI ; Lin CHEN ; Pei-hong WU
Journal of Southern Medical University 2006;26(11):1648-1651
OBJECTIVETo evaluate the quantitative relationship between white matter tract (WMT) variation resulting from cerebral tumors and shifting of the fractional anisotropy (FA) index in magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
METHODSFour female and 8 male patients aged from 21 to 62 years with brain malignancies (2 malignant lymphomas, 2 low-grade astrocytomas, and 8 high-grade cerebral gliomas) underwent conventional contrast-enhanced MR and DTI examinations before operation. Routine T(2)-weighted image, fractional anisotropic (FA) map, color-coded directional map, three-dimensional white matter tractography (WMT), and the FA index of bilateral internal capsule were obtained in every patient.
RESULTSFiber tractography derived from DTI was consistent with known white matter fiber anatomy. The DTI patterns in WMT altered by the tumor were categorized on the basis of FA1/FA2 ratio as follows: pattern 1, FA1/FA2> or =75% with normal or only slightly decreased FA; pattern 2, 50%< or =FA1/FA2<75% with WMT displacement; pattern 3, 25%< or =FA1/FA2/50% with WMT involvement; pattern 4, FA1/FA2<25% with WMT destruction.
CONCLUSIONSDTI allows for visualization of WMT and benefits surgical planning for patients with intrinsic brain tumor. There is a positive relationship between the bilateral FA ratio (FA1/FA2) variation and WMT alterations resulting from the tumor.
Adult ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Female ; Glioblastoma ; diagnosis ; Glioma ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Fibers ; diagnostic imaging ; Neural Pathways ; radiation effects ; Preoperative Care ; Radiography ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity
6.Middle-high dose of cyclophosphamide or conventional routine chemotherapy with increased dose of cyclophosphamide combined with G-CSF for mobilizing peripheral blood progenitor cells in patients with tumor.
Dao-pei LU ; Kai-yan LIU ; Nai-lan GUO ; Yuan-kai SHI ; Xiao-hui HE ; Fang-ding LOU ; Wan-ming DA ; Buo-long ZHANG ; Liang-xu WANG ; Xiao-yan KE
Chinese Journal of Hematology 2003;24(2):68-70
OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical value of glycosylated G-CSF combined with middle-high dose cyclophosphamide (Cy) or conventional chemotherapy with increased dose of Cy for mobilizing peripheral blood progenitor cells in patients with tumor.
METHODSThirty patients from four hospitals in Beijing region were enrolled in this clinical study. Diagnoses of the patients were non-Hodgkin' lymphoma (n = 21), Hodgkin disease (n = 1), breast cancer (n = 7) and ovary cancer (n = 1). Autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells (APBPC) were mobilized by middle-high dose Cy or conventional chemotherapy with increased dose of Cy combined with G-CSF. G-CSF was given subcutaneously from the nadir of the white blood cell (WBC) count to the end of PBPC collection. The dosage of G-CSF was 250 microg/d in 29 patients and 500 microg/d in 1 patient. When WBC count was > 5 x 10(9)/L, APBPC were harvested with CS 3000 plus/COBE Spectra.
RESULTSThe average dosage of Cy was 3.95 g (2.3 g/m(2)). The doses of G-CSF were 3.1 approximately 6.4 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1). Thirteen patients (43%) were collected twice, 14 patients (47%) three times and 3 patients (10%) four times. All of the patients could tolerate the treatment regimens. Seven patients had bone pain after G-CSF injection and one was severe, one patient had headache and one had nausea and vomiting.
CONCLUSION250 microg glycosylated G-CSF combined with middle-high Cy or conventional chemotherapy with increased dose of Cy combined G-CSF is an optimal method for APBPC mobilization in tumor patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Cyclophosphamide ; administration & dosage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Platelet Count ; Treatment Outcome
7.Relationship between mRNA expression and promoter methylation status of p73 gene in peripheral blood among children with Wilms' tumor.
Dong-Jian SONG ; Li-Fang YUE ; Da ZHANG ; He-Ying YANG ; Yu-Xia FAN ; Ming YUE ; Hang PEI ; Jia-Xiang WANG
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 2013;15(8):638-643
OBJECTIVETo investigate the mRNA expression and promoter methylation status of p73 gene in the peripheral blood of children with Wilms' tumor (WT), and their relationship.
METHODSForty-five children with WT were selected as the case group, and 15 sex- and age- matched children (without malignancies) who visited the hospital for physical examination or other reasons were selected as the control group. Peripheral blood was collected from both groups. Real-time quantitative PCR and methylation-specific PCR were used to determine the mRNA expression level and promoter methylation status of p73 gene. Their relationship with clinicopathological features and the effect of promoter methylation on mRNA expression of p73 gene were analyzed in the case group.
RESULTSThe relative quantity (RQ) of p73 mRNA in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group (3.2 ± 0.9 vs 1.6 ± 1.1; P<0.01). The positive rate of p73 gene promoter methylation in the case group was significantly lower than in the control group (20% vs 73%; P<0.01). In the case group, the RQ of p73 mRNA was significantly higher in children with methylated p73 gene promoter than in those with unmethylated p73 gene promoter (P<0.01). In children with methylated p73 gene promoter, the RQ of p73 mRNA was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P<0.01). In children with unmethylated p73 gene promoter, there was no significant difference in RQ of p73 mRNA between the case and control groups (P=0.810).
CONCLUSIONSAberrant promoter methylation of p73 gene in peripheral blood is one of the gene expression regulations in children with WT, and it is related to the onset and development of WT. The p73 gene may play a role as oncogene in WT patients with p73 gene promoter methylation and mRNA overexpression is associated with promoter methylation status of p73 gene.
Child, Preschool ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Neoplasms ; genetics ; Male ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger ; blood ; Tumor Protein p73 ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics ; Wilms Tumor ; genetics
8.Abdominal splenosis: CT and MRI features of 2 cases.
Bin YANG ; Guang-zhao YANG ; Pei-zhi SHI ; He-Shan ZHOU ; Da-rong ZHU ; Xiao LI ; Ru-jun XU
Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2007;10(6):381-384
Splenosis is ectopic autotransplantation of splenic tissue after splenic trauma or surgery.(1) The most frequent locations are the surface of visceral peritoneum and parietal peritoneum. Liver and retroperitoneum are rarely involved.(1,2) We present here 2 cases of splenosis involving the liver and retroperitoneum with clinical information, imaging findings, and literature review.
Abdomen
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diagnostic imaging
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Adult
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Female
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Humans
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Middle Aged
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Radiography, Abdominal
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Splenosis
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diagnosis
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Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Ultrasonography
9.Application of fluorescence in situ hybridization on archived bone marrow smears in retrospective diagnosis of hematologic malignancies.
Tong WANG ; Wei CAO ; Ying YIN ; Yan ZHANG ; Qiong-jie ZHANG ; Chun-fang WANG ; Huan-huan LI ; Hong-xing LIU ; Chun-rong TONG
Chinese Journal of Hematology 2013;34(11):974-976
10.Inhibition of GPR35 attenuates ischemic myocardial injury
Lei HE ; Yi YANG ; Yue TIAN ; Ting WANG ; Yang SHEN ; Hai-Feng PEI ; Da-Chun YANG
Medical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army 2018;43(2):101-106
Objective To investigate the protective role of GPR35 inhibition on hypoxic myocardial cell line and mouse myocardial infarction (MI) model.Methods For investigating the changes of GPR35 expression in hypoxic environment,the murine myocardial cells (MCM) were divided into normoxia group and hypoxia group,the mRNA expression of GPR35 was determined by q-PCR and the protein level was measured by Western blotting 6h after incubation.For further studying the role of GPR35,MCM were divided into four groups:normoxia,hypoxia,hypoxia+vehicle,hypoxia+CID2745678 (GPR35 inhibitor,3μmol/L) group.Accordingly,the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was measured by flow cytometer and TUNEL.For investigating the changes of GPR35 expression in the state of myocardial ischemia,the C57 male mice were divided into sham group (n=6) and MI group (n=8),the mRNA expression of GPR35 was determined by q-PCR and the protein level was measured by Western blotting 3 days after MI.For further studying the role of GPR35,the C57 mice were divided into four groups:sham (n=6),MI (n=8),MI+vehicle (n=8) and MI+CID2745678 (n=8) group.Ultrasound echocardiography was performed 4 weeks after MI.Mice were then sacrificed and the hearts were removed and stained with Masson to measure the myocardial fibrosis area.Results Compared with normoxia group,the levels of GPR35 mRNA and protein increased obviously in hypoxia group (P<0.01,P<0.05);Compared with hypoxia+vehicle group,the myocardial cells apoptosis in hypoxia+CID2745678 group decreased markedly (P<0.05).Three days after MI,compared with the sham group,the levels of GPR35 mRNA and protein increased obviously (P<0.01,P<0.05) in MI group;Compared with MI+vehicle group,the left ventricular fraction shortening (LVFS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) relieved obviously (P<0.05) and myocardial fibrosis level declined markedly in MI+CID2745678 group (P<0.05).Conclnsion Inhibition of GPR35 could decrease the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes cultured in hypoxia and attenuated the injury of myocardial ischemia.