Objective To evaluation the efficacy of dexmedetomidine mixed with dezocine and levobupivacaine for patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) after cesarean section.Methods A total of 300 patients, aged 23-35 yr, with body mass index of 24-28 kg/m2 , of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ , undergoing elective cesarean section under epidural anesthesia, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =100 each) according to the random number table: morphine and levobupivacaine group (ML group), dezocine and levobupivacaine group (DL group), and dexmedetomidine, dezocine and levobupivacaine group (DDL group).In group ML, the loading dose included morphine 2 mg + levobupivacaine 10 mg + 5 ml normal saline, and PCEA solution contained morphine 5 mg + levobupivacaine 150 mg + normal saline 100 ml.In group DL, the loading dose included dezocine 3 mg+ levobupivacaine 10 mg+ normal saline 5 ml, and PCEA solution contained dezocine 15 mg + levobupivacaine 150 mg + normal saline 100 ml.In group DDL, the loading dose included dezocine 2 mg+ levobupivacaine 10 mg + dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg + normal saline 5 ml, and PCEA solution contained dezocine 7.5 mg+ levobupivacaine 150 mg + dexmedetomidine 1.5 μ g/kg + normal saline 100 ml.At 10 min before the end of operation, the loading dose was given via the epidural catheter, and the PCEA pump was connected and set up to deliver a 2 ml bolus dose with a 15-min lockout interval and background infusion at 2 ml/h.Analgesia was maintained until 42 h after operation.Visual analog scale score was main-tained ≤ 3, and (or) visual analog scale for fatigue score ≤ 2.When PCEA failed, morphine 2 mg was injected epidurally as rescue analgesic.At 4, 8, 24 and 42 h after operation, the modified Bromage score and Ramsay sedation score were recorded, and patients' satisfaction with analgesia was evaluated.The occurrence of epidural analgesia-related adverse reactions was recorded.Results The consumption of PCEA solution and requirement for rescue analgesics were significantly lower in group ML than in group DL.Compared with group ML, Ramsay sedation score was significantly decreased at 4 and 8 h after operation, the degree of patients' satisfaction with analgesia was increased, and the incidence of nausea, vomiting, dizziness and pruritus was decreased in DL and DDL groups, and the incidence of urinary retention was decreased in group DDL.The degree of patients' satisfaction with analgesia was significantly higher, and the incidence of dizziness and urinary retention was lower in DDL group than in group DL.No patients developed epidural analgesia-relatcd hypotension, bradycardia, or respiratory depression in the three groups.Conclusion The efficacy of dexmedetomidine mixed with dezocine and levobupivacaine is good when used for PCEA after cesarean section, and the adverse reactions are fewer.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy ofFufang Shenlu Granule for kidney-yang deficiency aplastic anemia (AA) and its effects on CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets, and explore its mechanism.Methods Forty AA patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, 20 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated withFufang Shenlu Granule combined with conventional western medicine therapy, while the control group was only treated with conventional western medicine therapy. The treatment lasted for 6 months, and follow-up visits lasted for at least one year. The clinical efficacy and T lymphocyte subsets ratio changes before and after treatment in the two groups were observed.Results The clinical efficacy of treatment group was better than that of control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the blood cell counts of the two groups were improved than those of before treatment (P<0.05,P<0.01). After treatment, the red blood cell count and hemoglobin of treatment group were higher than those of control group (P<0.05). Compared with the data before treatment in treatment group, the ratio of CD4+CD25+ cells in all CD4+ cells, and the ratio of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells in all CD4+CD25+ cells increased (P<0.05); the ratio of Th1 and Th2 cells in all CD3+CD4+ decreased (P<0.05). The ratio of Th2 cells was lower than that before treatment in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionFufang Shenlu Granule can enhance the treatment efficiency of AA with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. The mechanism may be related to the decrease of Th1 cells, the increase of CD4+CD25+Tregs and their FoxP3 expression.

Receptor proteins in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells often form regular lattice or array in the membrane. Recent theoretical analyses indicate that such arrays may provide a novel mechanism for receptor signaling regulation in cells. The functional coupling between neighboring receptors could improve the signaling performance. The ryanodine receptors (RyR)/calcium release channels usually form 2-D regular lattice in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. Thus, RyR is a potentially good model to study the function of receptor 2-D array. In this article, we briefly review recent progresses in this research field, including RyR-RyR interaction, RyR array's function and working mechanisms. The investigations performed by new methods in our laboratory are summarized. We demonstrate that the RyR-RyR interaction is modulated by the functional states of RyRs. Accordingly, the mechanism of "dynamic coupling" of RyR array is proposed. Its possible role in RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release is discussed.
Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cations ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Receptor Cross-Talk ; physiology ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ; physiology ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ; metabolism

The study was aimed to investigate the possible effects of 8-chloroadenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (8-Cl-cAMP) on the multiple myeloma cells. The multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226 was used as in vitro models. The effect on growth inhibition of RPMI8226 cells was evaluated by cell growth and viability curve. DNA fragment was visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. The amount of apoptosis cells was measured by flow cytometry. Meanwhile Western blot assay were used to detect the change of several key cell cycle regulatory proteins CDK2 and cyclin E in these cells before and after the treatment. The results showed that low dose 8-Cl-cAMP (1-30 micromol/L) inhibited the proliferation and viability of RPMI8226 cells significantly. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA revealed the apoptosis characteristic "ladder" pattern. Apoptosis was also confirmed by flow cytometry. In addition, 8-Cl-cAMP was able to inhibit the cell growth through modulating expression of cell cycle regulators CDK2 and cyclin E. It is concluded that 8-cl-cAMP inhibits the proliferation and induce apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells effectively.
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclin E ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; pathology

Objective:To explore the regional brain activities in healthy adolescent subjects after sleep deprivation (SD) using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method.Methods:Total of 16 healthy adolescent subjects (8 males,8 females;aged 13-20 years) were recruited in the community and the campus through the internet and posters.Each of the 16 healthy adolescent subject underwent the attention network test and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session twice:once was after rested wakefulness (RW condition),and the other was after SD condition.Amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method was used to assess the local brain features.The mean ALFF signal values of the different brain areas were performed to investigate their relationships with the accuracy rate,reaction time and lapse rate in the attention network test,and were analyzed with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to investigate their sensitivities and specificities to distinguish the SD condition from the RW condition.Results:Subjects showed a lower response accuracy rate [(83 ± 12) ％ vs.(97 ± 4) ％,P ＜ 0.05],a longer response time [(832 ± 134) ms vs.(715 ± 97) ms,P ＜ 0.05] and a higher lapse rate [(15 ± 11)％ vs.(2.4 ±7.3)％,P ＜0.05] under SD condition than under RW condition.They showed higher ALFF area in the right cuneus (BA 17,BA 18),and lower ALFF areas in the right lentiform nucleus,right claustrum,left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 46) and left inferior parietal cortex (BA 39) under SD condition than under RW condition.Under SD condition,the mean ALFF signal value of the right claustrum showed a significant positive correlation with the accuracy rate (r =0.69,P ＜0.05),and a negative correlation with the lapse rate (r =-0.71,P ＜0.05).The mean ALFF signal value of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed a significant positive correlation with the reaction time (r =0.68,P ＜ 0.05).The values of area under the curve of the right cuneus,right lentiform nucleus,right claustrum,left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left inferior parietal cortice were 0.9,0.8,0.9,0.8 and 0.9,respectively.These different ALFF areas also showed high degree of sensitivities and specificities.Conclusion:Sleep deprivation leads to the dysfunction in the default mode network,anticorrelatedtask-positive network,and advanced cognitive function brain areas,and the functional compensation in the visual network.

AIMTo investigate the effects of bradykinin on voltage-dependent sodium channel currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG).

METHODSWhole-cell patch clamp technique was used to determine sodium channel current.

RESULTSBradykinin at 0.01 - 10.0 micromol/L dose dependently increased the frequency of repetitive firing of DRG. Bradykinin at 0.01 - 10.0 micromol/L dose dependently enhanced the TTX-R sodium current, and had no effect on TTX-S sodium current.

CONCLUSIONMechanism underlying the inflammation induced by bradykinin is related to the TTX-R sodium channel.

Action Potentials ; drug effects ; Animals ; Bradykinin ; pharmacology ; Ganglia, Spinal ; drug effects ; physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; drug effects ; Neurons ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Channels ; drug effects ; physiology

AIMTo analyze the relationship between autosomal aberrations and testicular dysgenesis or spermatogenic arrest in Chinese patients and to map the corresponding regions on each autosome in regard to the recorded aberrations accompanying these distubances.

METHODSOne hundred and nineteen cases of aberrant karyotypes with testicular dysgenesis, azoospermia or oligozoospermia reported in five Chinese journals and one monograph were analyzed. For each autosome, the type and frequency of chromosomal aberrations were counted and the regions corresponding to the disturbances were mapped out.

RESULTSChromosomes 13, 14, 9, 21 exhibited a high frequency of aberration and bands 14q11 and 13p11 were the two regions showing the highest linkage to testicular dysgenesis or infertility. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations was higher in bands 9p11 and 22q than in others.

CONCLUSIONAutosomes 13, 14, 9 and 21 in the order of importance play a critical role in testicular development and spermatogenesis and other autosomes may also contribute; the following regions, 14q11, 13p11,9p11, and 22q, are of high significance.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Gonadal Dysgenesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; genetics ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Oligospermia ; genetics ; Testis ; abnormalities

Adolescent ; Child ; Collagen Type I ; metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix ; metabolism ; Female ; Fibrillin-1 ; Fibrillins ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Microfilament Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization of aspirin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS:The utilization of aspirin in 510 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the department of Endocrinology in our hospital from April 2004 to April 2007 was analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:Of the total 510 cases,68.2% received aspirin,with daily dose reached 50～100mg.Aspirin was more often used in patients complicated with coronary heart disease and hypertension(P

Objective By using infrared thermal imager (Flir-SC620), to observe the effect of needling Sanyinjiao (SP6) on the skin temperature at Guanyuan (CV4) and Sanyinjiao in patients with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) of cold and dampness stagnation pattern, and to explore the probability of using infrared thermal imaging for diagnosis and as an objective index for evaluating the action and needling qi of acupuncture. Method Thirty-six subjects were recruited and divided into four group, a health control group (group A), a control group of PD of cold and dampness stagnation pattern (group B), a needling-qi-expected group (group C) and a needling-qi-unexpected group (group D). Group A and B were not given acupuncture treatment, while group C and D were treated with acupuncture at bilateral Sanyinjiao with needles retained for 30 min, and the needling sensations were recorded. The infrared thermal imager was used to detect the skin temperature at Guanyuan and bilateral Sanyinjiao for 40 min for each group, and the temperature was recorded every 10 min. The temperature during different periods of time, 0-10 min, 20-20 min, 20-30 min, 30-40 min, 0-30 min, and 0-40 min were then calculated. In group C, those obtained the needling qi sensation were further grouped into C-1 and those didn’t obtain the sensation were into C-2; in group D, those obtained needling qi sensation were further grouped into D-1 and those didn’t obtain the sensation were into D-2. SPSS 17.0 was adopted for data processing, and the data were analyzed by using MANOVA of repeated measuring. Result Compared to group A (6 cases), the temperature at Guanyuan in group B (6 cases) was significantly decreased during 0-30 min and 0-40 min (P<0.05), the temperature at the left Sanyinjiao during 0-40 min in group B was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the temperatures at bilateral Sanyinjiao during 30-40 min in group B significantly dropped (P<0.05). Compared to group B, the temperatures at Guanyuan during 0-30 min and 0-40 min in group C1 (12 cases) and group D1 (11 cases) were significantly increased (P<0.05), the temperature at left Sanyinjiao during 0-40 min in group D1 was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the temperatures at bilateral Sanyinjiao during 30-40 min in group D1 were significantly increased (P<0.05). There was no case in group C2 and only 1 case in group D2, hence, the data were not enough for analysis. Conclusion Decrease of the infrared temperature at Guanyuan and Sanyinjiao can be taken as one of the diagnostic criteria for dysmenorrhea of cold stagnation pattern. Increase of the infrared temperature at Guanyuan can be regarded as one of the objective evidences for the along-meridian transmission characteristic in needling Sanyinjiao.